Camel Sputum Site (Miocene of Australia)

Also known as CS Site, Godthelp’s Hill, D-Site Plateau, Riversleigh

Where: Queensland, Australia (19.1° S, 138.7° E: paleocoordinates 29.9° S, 135.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Faunal Zone B zone, Burdigalian (20.4 - 16.0 Ma)

• The CS Site is listed among "System B"-aged sites in Travouillon et al. (2006, Alcheringia, 30, Suppl. 1, 323-349).

•The suboptimal stratigraphic nomenclature of Archer et al. (1997, Mém. Trav. École Prat. Hautes Études Inst. Montpellier, 21, 131–152) is replaced by a concept of faunal zones by Arena (2004, PhD thesis, Uviv. New South Wales, Sydney), confirmed by Travouillon et al. (2006). Faunal Zones A, B, C are identical to "Systems" A, B, C of Archer et al. (1997). Faunal Zone B is Early Miocene in age.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: terrestrial; carbonate

• Fossiliferous rocks of the Riversleigh area are said to represent freshwater carbonates whose depositional history appears to involve a complex sequence of fluvial and karst processes (Archer et al., 2006, Alcheringia, 30, Suppl. 1, 1-17 and references cited therein).

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

Collected in 2000

Collection methods: acetic,

• "Riversleigh fossils are rarely articulated but usually undistorted, can be completely freed from matrix with acid [...]." (Scanlon, 2006).

•QMF = paleontology collections of Queensland Museum

•AR = Michael Archer reference collection, University of New South Wales (possibly serving as temporary registration)

Primary reference: J. D. Scanlon. 2006. Skull of the large non-macrostomatan snake Yurlunggur from the Australian Oligo-Miocene. Nature 439:839-842 [J. Head/J. Head]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 134946: authorized by Johannes Mueller, entered by Torsten Liebrecht on 19.10.2012, edited by Albert Garcia Selles, Richard Butler, Mark Uhen, Bethany Allen and Grace Varnham

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Scanlon& Lee (2000) list one maxillary fragment (QM F39932) as belonging to Wonambi barriei, but later (Scanlon, 2005) states that it "appears too large to be consistent with the same taxon."

•Scanlon (2005) lists specimen no. AR 12476 twice: for Wonambi and again for Yurlunggur, in both cases with reference to mandibular fragments.

•Scanlon (2006) only gives detailed information on the most complete specimen but states that "disarticulated vertebrae of several other (larger and smaller) Yurlunggur individuals were recovered from the same blocks".

Mammalia
 Diprotodontia - Palorchestidae
Ngapakaldia bonythoni2 Stirton 1967 diprotodont marsupial
 Diprotodontia - Phascolarctidae
Priscakoala lucyturnbullae3 Black et al. 2012 koala
 Diprotodontia - Macropodidae
Ganguroo bilamina12 Cooke 1997 kangaroo
QM F19870, left dentary with m1-4, QM F19868, left dentary with i1, p3, m2-3, QM F19966, left dentary with p3, m1-4, QM F30400, left dentary with m2-4, QM F56996, left dentary with dp3, p3, m1-3, m4 in crypt, QM F19607, left dentary with p3, m1-3, QM F20248, right dentary with dp2-3, m1, QM F20254, right dentary with m4, QM F23486, right dentary with worn m2-4, QM F20246, right dentary with p3, QM F20019, left dentary with dp2, m1, QM F56994, left dentary with p3, QM F19903, left dentary with i1, dp2-3, p3, m1- 3, QM F56254, right dentary with i1, dp2-3, p3, m1- 3, QM F56259, right dentary with p3, m1-4, QM F24744, right dentary with dp2-3, m1-3, QM F56995, right maxilla with dP3, P3, M1, QM F19696, skull with right and left P3, M1-3, QM F19958, left maxilla with M1-3, QM F20705, left maxilla with P3, M1-2, broken M3, QM F19900, left maxilla with M1-4, QM F19695, left maxilla with P3, M1-2, QM F20253, right maxilla with P3, M1, bro- ken M2, QM F19861, left maxilla with dP2-3, M1-3, QM F19976, left maxilla with dP2-3, M1, QM F19957, left maxilla with broken M1, M2-4, QM F19857, right maxilla with dP2-3, M1-3, QM F19975, left maxilla with M1-3, QM F19959, left maxilla with M2-3, QM F20017, right maxilla with P3, M1-4, QM F56990, left maxilla with broken M2- 3, M4, QM F30436, left maxilla with M1-3, QM F30343, left maxilla with dP2-3, M1-2, QM F36230, right maxilla with M1-3;
Cookeroo hortusensis4 Butler et al. 2016 kangaroo
Gumardee keari11 Travouillon et al. 2022 kangaroo
QM F20496, QM F30553; QM F19860, left dentary with m1–3; QM F19888, left dentary with m1–2; QM F19902, left dentary with p3, m1–2, broken m3; QM F19980, right maxilla with M1–4; QM F20027, right dentary with m2–4; QM F20249, left den- tary with p3, m1–4; QM F23489, left juvenile maxilla with P2, dP3, P3 out of its crypt, M1–2; QM F24606, left dentary withQM F19860, left dentary with m1–3; QM F19888, left dentary with m1–2; QM F19902, left dentary with p3, m1–2, broken m3; QM F19980, right maxilla with M1–4; QM F20027, right dentary with m2–4; QM F20249, left den- tary with p3, m1–4; QM F23489, left juvenile maxilla with P2, dP3, P3 out of its crypt, M1–2; QM F24606, left dentary with QM F19860, left dentary with m1–3; QM F19888, left dentary with m1–2; QM F19902, left dentary with p3, m1–2, broken m3; QM F19980, right maxilla with M1–4; QM F20027, right dentary with m2–4; QM F20249, left den- tary with p3, m1–4; QM F23489, left juvenile maxilla with P2, dP3, P3 out of its crypt, M1–2; QM F24606, left dentary with i1, p3, m1–4; QMF30429, right maxilla with M1–3, broken M4; QM F30440, right maxilla with P3, M1–4; QM F31449, left maxilla with M2–3; QM F31451, left dentary with m3; QM F36329, left P3 cap and M1; QM F57547, left maxilla with P3, M1–4; QM F57549, right dentary with p3, m1–4; QM F57597, right dentary with p3, m1–4
Gumardee webbi11 Travouillon et al. 2022 kangaroo
QM F23204; QM F19838, left dentary with p3, bro- ken m1, m2, broken m3, m4; QM F19906, right maxilla with P3, M1, damaged M2–3, M4; QM F19968, right den- tary with m3–4; QM F20031, broken right P3; QM F23204, left dentary with i1, p2, dp3, m1–2, m4 in crypt.
 Diprotodontia -
"Bulungamaya delicata" = Bulungamaya delicata12, "Nowidgee matrix" = Bulungamaya delicata3
"Bulungamaya delicata" = Bulungamaya delicata12 Flannery et al. 1982 diprotodont marsupial
QM F30390, right dentary with i1, p3, m1-4, QM F19961, left dentary with m1-4, QM F20255, right dentary with m3-4, QM F22761, left dentary with m1-2, QM F30392, right dentary with dp3, p3, m1- 2, QM F30394, right dentary with p3, m1-4, QM F30395, right maxilla with P3, M1-4, QM F19962, right dentary with m4, QM F19984, left dentary with m1, QM F19974, right dentary with m1-2, QM F30723, right dentary with m1-3, QM F57023, left maxilla with P3, M1-4, QM F19965, right maxilla with P3, M1-2, half of M3, QM F19954, left maxilla with M2-4, QM F19953, left maxilla with dP3, M1-2, QM F23491, right maxilla with M1-3, QM F20285, left maxilla with dP3, M1-2, QM F19675, right max- illa with P3, M1-2, QM F20310, right maxilla with M2-4
"Nowidgee matrix" = Bulungamaya delicata3 Flannery et al. 1982 diprotodont marsupial
 Peramelemorphia -
Galadi speciosus10 Travouillion et al. 2010 marsupial
 Peramelemorphia - Yaralidae
Yarala burchfieldi6 Muirhead and Filan 1995 marsupial
 Yalkaparidontia - Yalkaparidontidae
Yalkaparidon coheni1 Archer et al. 1988 marsupial
partial disarticulated skull (holotype QM F13008) and right maxillary fragment (paratype QM F13011)
 Dasyuromorphia - Thylacinidae
Wabulacinus ridei n. gen. n. sp.5
Wabulacinus ridei n. gen. n. sp.5 Muirhead 1997 thylacine
Reptilia
 Squamata - Madtsoiidae
Nanowana schrenki7 Scanlon 1997 snake
QMF 23051, dentary; QMF 23082, 31388, maxilla fragments
Nanowana godthelpi n. sp.7 Scanlon 1997 snake
QMF 31379 (holotype), partial to complete maxillae, palatines and pterygoids; QMF 31383, 31384, associated dentaries and compounds; QMF 20892, 23052, 23053, 23054, 23056, dentaries; QMF 31380, 31382, 31386, 31387, maxillae; QMF 31381, palatine; QMF 23058, 31393, pterygoids; QMF 19741, trunk vertebrae
Wonambi barriei9 Scanlon and Lee 2000 snake
QM F23047 + 23048, right and left pterygoid; QM F23077 + 23078, posterior portions of left mandibular ramus; AR 12467, anterior part of right dentary (listed in Scanlon, 2005)
? Wonambi barriei8 Scanlon and Lee 2000 snake
QM F40190, almost complete left palatine; QM F40191, fragments of the right palatine; both are already listed in Scanlon & Lee (2000) but in Scanlon (2005) it says "attribution to Wonambi uncertain"
Yurlunggur sp. Scanlon 1992 snake
associated and partly articulated skeleton of a small adult (QM F45391), plus additional material of (an) associated partial skeleton(s) as well as several isolated cranial bones (QM F23046, F23049, F23050, F23057, F39330, F51379; AR 10589, 10684, 10779, 12467)