Marathousa 1, unit UA3 (Pleistocene of Greece)

Where: Greece (37.4° N, 22.1° E: paleocoordinates 37.4° N, 22.1° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Middle Pleistocene (0.8 - 0.1 Ma)

• Weighted mean of several optically stimulated luminescence dates

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: fluvial-lacustrine; fine-grained, brown, silty sandstone

• The site context represents a low-energy depositional environment, such as a shallow-water swamp close to the shore of the lake.
• Layer 4 is a 0.6–1.8m-thick deposit of dark brown silty sand, rich in organic remains and interbedded with lenses of fine sands, some of which are laminated. The underlying Layer 5 is composed of greyish clayey sand, and it is more homogeneous in structure than the previous layer. In addition to lithic artefacts, and with the exception of small (usually < 20mm) sandstone and limestone gravels that occur very sporadically, all layers in the sequence generally lack any rocks.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils

• The lithic assemblage (n=122) is composed of flakes and flake fragments, core fragments and chunks (Figure 6). Retouched tools are rare. The main raw material is red and brown radiolarite, followed by grey and black flint, limestone and quartz. Platforms are mainly plain, cortical or dihedral, and they indicate hard hammer percussion. Technological traits suggest a relatively simple operational sequence, probably aiming at the production of flake blanks. Flakes might have been used directly for cutting, without further modification.

Preservation: anthropogenic

Primary reference: E. Panagopoulou, V. Tourloukis, N. Thompson, A. Athanassiou, G. Tsartsidou, G. E. Konidaris, D. Giusti, P. Karkanas, and K. Harvati. 2015. Marathousa 1: a new Middle Pleistocene archaeological site from Greece. Antiquity 343 [E. Vlachos/E. Vlachos]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 187637: authorized by Evangelos Vlachos, entered by Evangelos Vlachos on 06.08.2017, edited by Matthew Clapham

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• There are also micromammals, but not reported
Mammalia
 Proboscidea - Elephantidae
"Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus" = Palaeoloxodon antiquus
"Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus" = Palaeoloxodon antiquus Falconer and Cautley 1847 elephant
 Artiodactyla - Hippopotamidae
Hippopotamus antiquus2 Desmarest 1822 hippo
 Artiodactyla - Cervidae
Dama sp.2 Frisch 1775 fallow deer
Cervus elaphus2 Linnaeus 1758 red deer
 Artiodactyla - Bovidae
Bison sp.2 Hamilton-Smith 1827 bison
 Carnivora - Felidae
Felis sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 cat
 Carnivora - Mustelidae
Mustela sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 weasel
Lutra simplicidens2 Thenius 1965 otter
 Carnivora - Canidae
Vulpes sp.2 Frisch 1775 fox
Canis sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 canine
 Theriamorpha - Soricidae
Crocidura sp.1 Wagler 1832 white-toothed shrew
 Rodentia - Castoridae
Castor fiber2 Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian beaver
 Rodentia - Dipodidae
? Alactaga indet.1 Cuvier 1838 rodent
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Microtus sp.1 Schrank 1798 vole
 Rodentia - Muridae
"Apodemus sylvaticus" = Mus sylvaticus1
"Apodemus sylvaticus" = Mus sylvaticus1 Linnaeus 1758 wood mouse
Reptilia
 Testudines -
Testudines indet. Batsch 1788 turtle
Aves
 Aves -
 Charadriiformes - Scolopacidae
Tringa cf. totanus3 Linnaeus 1758 common redshank
 Suliformes - Anhingidae
Anhinga sp.3 Brisson 1760 darter
 Anseriformes - Anatidae
Anser cf. albifrons3 Scopoli 1769 greater white-fronted goose
Cygnus olor3 Gmelin 1789 mute swan
Anas crecca3 Linnaeus 1758 Eurasian teal
Anas platyrhynchos3 Linnaeus 1758 mallard
Anas acuta3 Linnaeus 1758 northern pintail
Aythya fuligula3 Linnaeus 1758 tufted duck
Aythya nyroca3 Güldenstädt 1770 ferruginous pochard
Mareca strepera3 Linnaeus 1758 gadwall
Spatula clypeata3 Linnaeus 1758 northern shoveler
Spatula querquedula3 Linnaeus 1758 garganey
 Gruiformes - Rallidae
Rallus aquaticus3 Linnaeus 1758 water rail
Fulica atra3 Linnaeus 1758 common coot