Where: Liaoning, China (41.6° N, 120.8° E: paleocoordinates 44.1° N, 122.9° E)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Yixian Formation, Late/Upper Barremian (130.0 - 125.5 Ma)
• The Yixian Formation can be subdivided into five units, in ascending order, Lujiatun unit, Lower Lava, Jianshangou unit, Upper Lava, Dawangzhangzi unit, Jingangshan unit, and Huanghuashan unit. Most of the Jehol fossils from the Yixian Formation are preserved in four beds, that is, the Lujiatun bed (recalculated age is 124.0 ± 1.0/1.3 Ma, He et al., 2006), the Jianshangou bed (125.43 ± 0.50/0.88 Ma, Swisher et al., 1999), the Dawangzhangzi bed, and Jinggangshan bed (~122 Ma, Smith et al., 1995).U-Pb dating suggests that the Huangbanjigou section ranges from 124.9 ± 1.7 Ma to 122.8 ± 1.6 Ma (Yang et al., 2007). Chang et al. (2017) obtained Ar/Ar ages of 125.8 ± 1.0 Ma and 126.0 ± 0.8 Ma from the Lujiatun Unit, the lowest part of the Yixian Formation, below the lacustrine shales.
•He et al. (2004) reported a 40Ar/39Ar age of 120.3 ± 0.7 Ma for a tuff layer in the lower part of the Jiufotang Formation, and Chang et al. (2009) obtained a 40Ar/39Ar age of 122.1 ± 0.3 Ma for a tuff layer from the lowermost part of the Jiufotang Formation. Yu et al. (2021) dated an ash bed just above the Yixian/Jiufotang formation boundary to 122.0 ± 0.9 Ma and three tuff beds from the Xiaotaizi section to 118.9 ± 0.8 Ma, 118.8 ± 0.6 Ma, and 118.6 ± 1.1 Ma. These ages suggest that the Jiufotang Formation in Jianchang Basin was deposited at ca. 122.0–118.9 Ma.
•Olierrok et al. (2019) used a selection of U-Pb and 40Ar-39Ar geochronology to place the Barremian–Aptian boundary (the base of the Chron M0r) between 123.8 and 121.8 Ma. The GTS 2020 uses an age of 121.4 Ma for the base of the Aptian, and multiproxy orbital tuning gives an age of 120.2 Ma for the Barremian-Aptian boundary (Leandro et al., 2022). Therefore, the Yixian Formation should be entirely Late Barremian, with the Jiufotang Formation deposited in the Early Aptian (or latest Barremian at its base).
• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: lacustrine - large; lithified, tuffaceous mudstone
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils
Preservation: adpression
Collection methods: Repository: Capital Normal University, Beijing
Primary reference: Y. N. Lyu, D. Ren, and X. Y. Liu. 2017. Systematic revision of the fossil snakefly family Baissopteridae (Insecta: Raphidioptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of China, with description of a new genus and three new species. Cretaceous Research 80:13-26 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 188103: authorized by Matthew Clapham, entered by Matthew Clapham on 24.08.2017
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
| Insecta | |
Mesoraphidia amoena2, Mesoraphidia heteroneura2, Mesoraphidia longistigmosa2, Beipiaoraphidia martynovi n. gen. n. sp.2, Grammoraphidia ponomarenkoi n. gen. n. sp.2, Proraphidia jepsoni n. sp.2, Proraphidia yixianensis n. sp.2, Stenoraphidia obliquivenatica1, Stenoraphidia longioccipitalis n. sp.1, Styporaphidia willmanni n. sp.2, Caloraphidia glossophylla2, Siboptera fornicata2, Yixianoraphidia anomala2
Stenoraphidia obliquivenatica1 Ren 1994 snakefly CNU-RAP-LB2017032, 079, 081, 082, 083, 084, 085, 087, 088, 089, 092, 093, 094, 095, 096
Stenoraphidia longioccipitalis n. sp.1 Lyu et al. 2018 snakefly CNU-RAP-LB2017071, 141, 142, 144, 145, 146
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Microbaissoptera monosticha n. gen. n. sp., Baissoptera bicolor n. sp., Baissoptera liaoningensis, Baissoptera sinica n. sp., Baissoptera grandis
Microbaissoptera monosticha n. gen. n. sp. Lyu et al. 2017 snakefly CNU-RAP-LB2017061, 036, 037, 060
Baissoptera bicolor n. sp. Lyu et al. 2017 snakefly CNU-RAP-LB2017028, 021, 041, 042, 043, 044, 045, 047, 055
Baissoptera grandis Ren 1995 snakefly CNU-RAP-LB2017020, 023, 025, 027, 048, 049, 052, 062, 064, 065, 066, 070
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