USNM9272, Ko Muk Island northwest undivided (Permian of Thailand)

Where: Trang, Thailand (7.4° N, 99.3° E: paleocoordinates 31.3° S, 107.5° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Rat Buri Formation, Roadian (272.3 - 268.8 Ma)

• Blocks are derived from seacliffs, making it impossible to measure a stratigraphic section or determine whether they are derived from a single horizon. The age of the Rat Buri fauna is problematic. "Rat Buri" limestones likely range in age from Kungurian through Capitanian to perhaps Wuchiapingian. Wordian fusulinids appear most common in other collections, but are not found in association with the brachiopod localities. The brachopod fauna is most similar to the Wordian Amb Formation of the Salt Range, in Pakistan, tentatively indicating a Wordian age.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: offshore shelf; lithified, argillaceous limestone

• Interpreted as rather quiet water that was deep enough not to be disrupted by ordinary wave action. It was a fairly flat sea floor bearing an abundant fauna of small organisms with bryozoans and crinoids in patches like gardens.
• Ligher colour than Ko Muk NE, contains little to no sand and less mud.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: replaced with silica

Collection methods: bulk, surface (float), chemical,

Primary reference: R. E. Grant. 1976. Permian brachiopods from southern Thailand. Paleontological Society Memoir 9:1-269 [D. Bottjer/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details

Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis

PaleoDB collection 40895: authorized by David Bottjer, entered by Matthew Clapham on 02.07.2004

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

• Concentrates on brachiopods, and other groups are listed only in the text for the generic total collection, not for the subset individual blocks. Total includes 17 specimens that were collected separately from the 5 blocks and therefore does not exactly equal the sum of subset blocks.
Anthozoa
 Stauriida - Lophophyllidae
Lophophyllidium sp. Grabau 1928 horn coral
 Stauriida - Plerophyllidae
Ufimia sp. Shtukenberg 1895 horn coral
Plerophyllum sp. Hinde 1890 horn coral
 Favositida - Pseudofavositidae
Pseudofavosites sp. Gerth 1922 tabulate coral
Strophomenata
 Productida - Paucispiniferidae
"Gratiosina insculpta" = Transennatia insculpta
"Gratiosina insculpta" = Transennatia insculpta Grant 1976
 Productida - Productellidae
Dyschrestia spodia Grant 1976
Rhynchonellata
 Rhynchonellida - Stenoscismatidae
Stenoscisma "sp. A" Conrad 1839
 Rhynchonellida - Psilocamaridae
Goleomixa acymata Grant 1976
 Spiriferida - Spiriferellidae
Spiriferella sp. Tschernyschew 1902
 Spiriferida - Elythidae
 Terebratulida - Notothyrididae
? Gefonia sp. Licharew 1936
Stenolaemata
 Cystoporata - Fistuliporidae
Fistuliporidae indet. Ulrich 1882
Branching, bifoliate, and encrusting
 Cryptostomata - Fenestellidae
Fenestellidae indet. King 1850
Coarse and fine mesh-sizes
 Cryptostomida -
Cryptostomida indet. Vine 1884
Bifoliate
Crinoidea
  -
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821 Sea lily
Blastoidea
  -
Blastoidea indet. Say 1825 blastoid