Capilla de la Santa Cruz de Palmarito, Locality 8 (Permian of Venezuela)

Where: Merida, Venezuela (8.0° N, 71.3° W: paleocoordinates 5.5° S, 34.4° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Palmarito Formation, Kungurian (279.3 - 272.3 Ma)

• Brachiopod similarities suggests equivalence to Road Canyon Fm (Kungurian-Roadian), Palmarito Fm contains Perrinites hilli and Parafusulina of Kungurian age. 0.5 cubic metres sampled.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: open shallow subtidal; silty wackestone

• Shallow, warm water near wave base, in an area affected by periodic storms.
• Probably originally a compositional biomicrite, texturally a wackestone. Rock totally leached of all carbonate to 1 m depth. Consolidated sediment bodies (up to 10 cm in diameter) probably represent soft-sediment deformation (similar to ball-and-pillow structure?). Rip-up clasts present.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: mold/impression, replaced with silica

Collection methods: surface (in situ), mechanical,

• Rock was totally leached of all soluble carbonate to a depth of 1 m (due to weathering). Fossils were recovered from surface collections and by cutting through dried silt with dental tools and air abrasion.

Primary reference: P.R. Hoover. 1981. Paleontology, Taphonomy, and Paleoecology of the Palmarito Formation (Permian of Venezuela). Bulletins of American Paleontology 80(313):1-138 [D. Bottjer/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 41514: authorized by David Bottjer, entered by Matthew Clapham on 15.07.2004

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Porifera indet. Grant 1836
Anthozoa
 Stauriida - Lophophyllidae
"Lophophyllidium aff. spinosum" = Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) absitum
"Lophophyllidium aff. spinosum" = Lophophyllidium (Lophophyllidium) absitum Jeffords 1947 horn coral
Crinoidea
  -
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821 Sea lily
Columnals
Echinoidea
 Cidaroida -
Cidaroida indet. Claus 1880 pencil urchin
Cidaroid echinoid spines and plates
Bivalvia
 Trigoniida - Schizodidae
Schizodus canalis Branson 1930 clam
Gastropoda
 Euomphalina - Euomphalidae
"Straparollus (Euomphalus) aff. kaibabensis" = Euomphalus kaibabensis
"Straparollus (Euomphalus) aff. kaibabensis" = Euomphalus kaibabensis Chronic 1952 snail
 Caenogastropoda - Meekospiridae
Meekospira sp. Ulrich and Scofield 1897 snail
 Caenogastropoda - Fasciolariidae
Kinishbia sp. Winters 1956 snail
aff. Orthonema sp. Meek and Worthen 1862 snail
New genus allied to Orthonema
Rhynchonellata
 Spiriferida - Trigonotretidae
 Spiriferida - Elythidae
Neophricadothyris cf. crassibecca Cooper and Grant 1976
 Rhynchonellida - Pontisiidae
Pontisia stehlii Cooper and Grant 1969
 Athyridida - Neoretziidae
Hustedia sp. Hall and Clarke 1893
 Athyridida - Athyrididae
Composita cf. pilula Cooper and Grant 1976
Strophomenata
 Productida - Paucispiniferidae
? Paucispinifera cf. sulcata Cooper and Grant 1975
 Productida - Linoproductidae
? Holotricharina "sp. A" Cooper and Grant 1975
Holotricharina hirsuta Cooper and Grant 1975
 Productida - Productellidae
Echinauris cf. liumbona Cooper and Grant 1975
"Kutorginella cf. umbonata" = Retaria umbonata Muir-Wood and Cooper 1960
Rugatia intermedia Hoover 1981
 Productida - Productidae
 Strophomenida - Rugosochonetidae
"Stauromata esoterica n. gen." = Dyoros esoterica, Chonetinetes cf. varians
"Stauromata esoterica n. gen." = Dyoros esoterica Hoover 1981
Chonetinetes cf. varians Cooper and Grant 1975
Reflects minimum estimate based on valve ratios
 Orthotetida - Derbyiidae
Derbyia cf. complicata Cooper and Grant 1974
Derbyia auriplexa Hoover 1981
 Orthotetida - Meekellidae
Meekella skenoides Girty 1908
Bryozoa
  -
Bryozoa indet. Ehrenberg 1831
Ramose forms
Stenolaemata
 Cryptostomata -
"Fenestrida indet." = Fenestelloidea
"Fenestrida indet." = Fenestelloidea Astrova and Morozova 1956
Fenestellid forms