Full reference: E. A. Stensiö. 1934. On the Placodermi of the Upper Devonian of East Greenland: I. Phyllolepida and Arthrodira. Meddelelser om Grønland 97(1):1-58
Parent taxon: Arthrodira according to J. S. Nelson et al. 2016
See also Denison 1975, Denison 1978, Dineley and Metcalf 1999, Long 2011 and Young 2010
Sister taxa: Acanthaspida, Actinolepidiformes, Actinolepina, Africanaspis, Antarctolepis, Arctonema, Arenipiscis, Aspidichthys, Atlantidosteus, Brachydeirina, Bruntonichthys, Bullerichthys, Callognathus, Coccosteina, Copanognathus, Cosmacanthus, Cravenaspis, Diplognathus, Erikaspis, Errolosteus, Eskimaspis, Euarthrodira, Eubrachythoraci, Glyptaspis, Grazosteus, Harrytoombsia, Heintzosteus, Heterostiina, Hollardosteus, Holonematina, Huaningichthys, Incisoscutoidea, Kimberleyichthys, Kueichowlepis, Latocamurus, Laurentaspis, Lurapullaspis, Machaerognathus, Mcnamaraspis, Mediaspidae, Murmur, Operchallosteus, Overtonaspis, Pachyosteidae, Pachyosteina, Parawilliamsaspis, Phlyctaeniiformes, Phlyctaenina, Pholidosteidae, Phylctaeniida, Platyaspis, Prescottaspidae, Qataraspis, Rolfosteus, Squamatognathus, Stegophthalami, Taemasosteus, Taunaspis, Temnothoraci, Timanosteus, Toombalepis, Toombsosteus, Tubonasus, Tyriolepis, Wheathillaspis, Wuttagoonaspina, Yinosteus, Actinolepidoidei, Brachythoracoidei, Phyllolepidoidei
Subtaxa: Antarctaspina Phyllolepina