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Pteraspidomorphi (jawless fish)

Taxonomy
Pteraspidomorphi was named by Goodrich (1909).

It was reranked as the subclass Pteraspidomorphi by Bryant (1932), Dineley and Metcalf (1999) and Nelson et al. (2016); it was reranked as the superclass Pteraspidomorphi by Van Der Laan (2019).

It was assigned to Ostracodermi by Bryant (1932); to Agnatha by Dineley and Metcalf (1999); to Chordata by Sepkoski (2002); to Vertebrata by Young (1997), Kiessling (2004), Young (2009) and Nelson et al. (2016); and to Craniata by Long (2011) and Van Der Laan (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1909Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich
1932Pteraspidomorphi Bryant p. 231
1997Pteraspidomorphi Young p. 4
1999Pteraspidomorphi Dineley and Metcalf p. 11
2002Pteraspidomorphi Sepkoski
2004Pteraspidomorphi Kiessling
2009Pteraspidomorphi Young p. 80
2011Pteraspidomorphi Long p. 241
2016Pteraspidomorphi Nelson et al. p. 26
2019Pteraspidomorphi Van Der Laan p. 15

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
RankNameAuthor
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumCraniata
superclassPteraspidomorphi(Goodrich 1909)
superclassPteraspidomorphi(Goodrich 1909)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Supercl. †Pteraspidomorphi Goodrich 1909 [jawless fish]
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G. †Dipnoides
+
+
†Cometicercus talimaaae Wilson and Caldwell 1998
+
†Drepanolepis maerssae Wilson and Caldwell 1998
+
†Furcacauda fredholmae Wilson and Caldwell 1998
†Furcacauda heintzae Dineley and Loeffler 1976
+
†Sphenonectris tumeme Wilson and Caldwell 1998
+
Subcl. †Arandaspida Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
+
Fm. †Arandaspididae Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
+
G. †Arandaspis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
+
†Arandaspis prionotolepis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
G. †Porophoraspis Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
+
†Porophoraspis crenulata Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
+
†Sacabambaspis janvieri Gagnier et al. 1986
Or. †Arandaspidiformes Ritchie and Gilbert-Tomlinson 1977
+
Invalid names: Porophoraspidae Halstead 1993 [empty]
Fm. †Aseraspididae Halstead 1993
+
G. †Aseraspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
Subcl. †Astraspida Berg 1940
+
Or. †Astrapidiformes Berg 1940
+
Fm. †Astraspididae Eastman 1917
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G. †Astraspis Walcott 1892
Or. †Astraspidiformes Berg 1940
+
Fm. †Eriptychiidae Tarlo 1962
+
G. †Eleochera Sansom and Smith 2005
G. †Eriptychius Walcott 1892
+
†Eriptychius americanus Walcott 1892
Fm. †Oniscolepididae Marss and Karatajue-Talimaa 2009
+
G. †Oniscolepis Pander 1856
Fm. †Tesakoviaspididae Karatajute-Talimaa and Smith 2004
+
G. †Tesakoviaspis Karatajute-Talimaa and Meredith Smith 2004
Subcl. †Heterostraci Lankester 1868
+
Or. †Amphiaspidiformes Novitskaya 2008
+
G. †Putoranaspis Obruchev 1964
G. †Aporemaspis Elliot and Loeffler 1989
+
†Aporemaspis pholidata Elliot and Loeffler 1989
Fm. †Ariaspididae Elliott and Swift 2010
+
G. †Ariaspis Denison 1963
+
†Ariaspis arctata Elliott and Swift 2010
†Ariaspis ornata Denison 1963
Fm. †Cardipeltidae Bryant 1933
+
G. †Cardipeltis Branson and Mehl 1931
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†Cardipeltis bryanti Denison 1966
†Cardipeltis richardsoni Denison 1966
†Cardipeltis wallacii Branson and Mehl 1931
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Invalid names: Cardipeltis oblongus Bryant 1933 [synonym], Cardipeltis sinclairi Bryant 1933 [synonym]
+
Fm. †Corvaspididae Dineley 1953
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G. †Corvaspis Woodward 1934
Subor. †Cyathaspida Kiaer 1932
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Unr. †Cyathaspidei Kiaer 1932
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Fm. †Diplaspidae Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Tolypaspidae Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Traquairaspidae Kiaer 1932
G. †Homalaspidella Strand 1934
+
†Homalaspidella borealis Denison 1963
G. †Irregulareaspis Zych 1931
Unr. †Poraspidei Kiaer 1932
+
Fm. †Anglaspidae Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Ctenaspidae Kiaer 1930
Fm. †Dinaspidae Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Palaeaspidae Kiaer 1932
Fm. †Cyathaspididae Kiaer 1932
+
G. †Archegonaspis Jaekel 1927
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†Archegonaspis integer Kunth 1872
†Archegonaspis ludensis Salter 1859
Subfm. †Boothiaspidinae Elliott 2016
+
G. †Boothiaspis Broad 1973
G. †Phyllonaspis Elliott 2016
+
†Cyathaspis acadica Matthew 1886
†Cyathaspis banksi Huxley and Salter 1856
G. †Dikenaspis Denison 1963
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†Dikenaspis yukonensis Denison 1963
G. †Eoarchegonaspis Kiaer 1932
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†Eoarchegonaspis wardelli Ruedemann 1916
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Invalid names: Cyathaspis vaningeni Bryant 1926 [synonym]
Subfm. †Poraspidinae Kiaer 1932
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G. †Homalaspis Kiaer 1932
G. †Lechriaspis Elliott and Petriello 2011
G. †Poraspis Kiaer 1932
G. †Ptomaspis Denison 1963
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†Ptomaspis canadensis Denison 1963
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†Vernonaspis bamberi Denison 1963
†Vernonaspis major Denison 1963
Or. †Cyathaspidiformes Kaier 1930
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Subor. †Cyathaspidoidei
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Fm. †Dictyaspidellidae Fowler 1947
Fm. †Dictyonaspidae Berg 1940
Fm. †Dinaspidellidae Strand 1934
Fm. †Torpedaspididae Halstead 1993
Invalid names: Americaspidae Fowler 1947 [empty], Irregularaspidae Kiaer and Heinz 1935 [empty]
+
Fm. †Eglonaspididae Tarlo 1962
Fm. †Hibernaspididae Obruchev 1939
Invalid names: Aphataspididae Novitskaya 1971 [empty]
+
Fm. †Siberiaspididae Novitskaya 1968
Fm. †Tuxeraspididae Novitskaya 1968
Or. †Lepidaspidiformes Halstead 1993
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Fm. †Lepidaspididae Halstead 1993
+
G. †Lepidaspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
Fm. †Protaspidae Bryant 1933
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G. †Eucyrtaspis White and Moy-Thomas 1940
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Invalid names: Cyrtaspis Bryant 1932 [replaced]
G. †Psammolepis Agassiz 1843
Or. †Psammosteiformes Berg 1937
+
Fm. †Pycnosteidae Tarlo 1962
+
G. †Tartuosteus Obruchev 1961
+
Invalid names: Rohonosteus Tarlo 1962 [synonym]
Or. †Pteraspidiformes Berg 1940
+
Fm. †Anchipteraspididae Elliott 1984
+
G. †Anchipteraspis Elliott 1984
G. †Rachiaspis Elliott 1984
Fm. †Protopteraspididae Novitskaya 1983
+
G. †Canadapteraspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
G. †Escharaspis Elliott 1983
G. †Gigantaspis Heintz 1962
G. †Loricopteraspis Halstead Tarlo 1961
G. †Miltaspis Blieck 1981
G. †Protopteraspis Leriche 1924
+
Invalid names: Simopteraspis Denison 1970 [synonym]
G. †Stegobranchiaspis Elliott 1983
G. †Zascinaspis Stensiu 1958
Fm. †Pteraspididae Claypole 1885
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G. †Archaeoteuthis Roemer 1855
G. †Chiastolepis Eichwald 1844
G. †Glossoidaspis Branson and Mehl 1931
G. †Holaspis Lankester 1873
G. †Mylopteraspis Stensiu 1958
G. †Palaeoteuthis Roemer 1855
G. †Scaphaspis Lankester 1865
G. †Sphagodus Agassiz 1839
Invalid names: Doryaspidinae Heintz 1967 [empty], Pteraspidinae Claypole 1885 [empty]
Subor. †Pteraspidoidei Janvier 1996
+
G. †Alaeckaspis Voichyshyn 1999
G. †Blieckaspis Elliott and Ilyes 1996
G. †Djurinaspis Novitskaya 1983
Fm. †Doryaspidae Randle and Sansom 2017
G. †Eucyclaspis Denison 1970
G. †Europrotaspis White 1961
G. †Lamiaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
G. †Larnovaspis Blieck 1984
G. †Mylopteraspidella Blieck 1984
G. †Oreaspis Denison 1970
G. †Panamintaspis Elliott and Ilyes 1996
G. †Parapteraspis Stensiu 1958
G. †Pirumaspis Ilyes and Elliott 1994
G. †Podolaspis Zych 1931
G. †Protaspis Bryant 1933
Fm. †Psammosteidae Traquair 1896
G. †Pteraspis Kner 1847
+
Invalid names: Plesiopteraspis Stensio 1958 [synonym]
Fm. †Rhinopteraspididae Novitskaya 2004
G. †Semipodolaspis Voichyshyn 2011
G. †Unarkaspis Elliott 1983
G. †Strosipherus Pander 1856
+
Fm. †Natlaspididae Halstead 1993
+
G. †Natlaspis Dineley and Loeffler 1976
Fm. †Tesseraspididae Berg 1955
+
G. †Tesseraspis Wills 1936
+
G. †Dasylepis Pander 1856
G. †Dictyolepis Pander 1856
G. †Gomphodus Pander 1856
G. †Lanarkia
+
†Lanarkia horrida Traquair 1898
†Lanarkia lanceolata Marss and Ritchie 1998
G. †Melittomalepis Pander 1856
G. †Pachylepis Pander 1856
G. †Prionacanthus Pander 1856
G. †Schediosteus Pander 1856
G. †Spirodus Kade 1858
G. †Thelolepis Pander 1856
+
Fm. †Tolypelepididae Strand 1934
+
Or. †Traquairaspidiformes Stensio 1958
+
Fm. †Weigeltaspidae Berg 1940
+
G. †Weigeltaspis Brotzen 1933
Invalid names: Phialaspididae White 1946 [empty]
Invalid names: Cardipeltida [empty], Cardipeltiformes Bryant 1933 [empty], Ceraspidae [empty], Corvaspidida [empty], Drepanaspidae [empty], Lepidaspidida [empty], Olbiaspidida Obruchev 1964 [empty], Palaeaspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Pteraspidi Jaekel 1911 [empty], Tesseraspidida [empty], Tolypelepidida [empty], Traquairaspidida Stensio 1958 [empty]
Invalid names: Diplorhina [synonym]
+
G. †Archodus
G. †Athenaegis Soehn and Wilson 1990
+
†Athenaegis chattertoni Soehn and Wilson 1990
G. †Dyreaspis
G. †Gunaspis
G. †Liliaspis
G. †Obliaspis Obruchev 1964
G. †Palaeodus
G. †Pelaspis
G. †Pionaspis
G. †Pycnaspis
+
†Pycnaspis splendens Orvig 1958
G. †Schizosteus Obruchev 1940
G. †Yoglinia
G. †Sigurdia
G. †Tylodus
Invalid names: Pteraspidida Kaier 1932 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatitesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2007-09-27 04:49:26
Modified: 2017-03-09 14:07:44
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Bendigonian to the top of the Early/Lower Turonian or 474.90000 to 89.30000 Ma

Collections (140 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Arenig478.6 - 466.0Australia (Northern Territory) Arandaspis prionotolepis (90386) Porophoraspis crenulata, Arandaspis prionotolepis (90382)
Bendigonian474.9 - 473.1Australia (Northern Territory) Porophoraspis sp. (90417)
Dapingian - Darriwilian470.0 - 458.4Oman Sacabambaspis sp. (90376)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.4Australia (New South Wales) Arandaspis sp. (90375)
Llanvirn468.0 - 458.4Australia (Northern Territory) Arandaspis sp., Porophoraspis sp. (90420)
Darriwilian467.3 - 458.4Oman Sacabambaspis sp. (90377)
Darriwilian467.3 - 458.4Australia (Northern Territory) Sacabambaspis sp. (90418)
Early/Lower Llandeilo466.0 - 460.9Argentina Sacabambaspis janvieri (8868)
Caradoc458.4 - 449.5Australia (Northern Territory) Sacabambaspis sp. (90419)
Caradoc458.4 - 449.5USA (Colorado) Astraspis desiderata, Astraspis splendens, Eriptychius americanus (10380)
Caradoc458.4 - 449.5Bolivia Sacabambaspis janvieri (90387 90478 210982)
Caradoc458.4 - 449.5Bolivia (Punata) Sacabambaspis janvieri (210981)
Franklinian457.3 - 449.6USA (Colorado) Astraspis desiderata (155772) Astraspis desiderata, Eriptychius americanus (155756)
Franklinian457.3 - 449.6Canada (Ontario) Astraspis desiderata (90403 90404 90405 90406 90407 90408 90410 90411 90412) Eriptychius sp., Astraspis desiderata (90381 90409)
Richmondian449.6 - 445.5USA (Wyoming) Astraspis desiderata, Eriptychius americanus (65239)
Silurian443.8 - 419.2USA (Pennsylvania) Vernonaspis sp. (12763)
Silurian443.8 - 419.2Canada (Yukon) Ariaspis ornata, Vernonaspis major, Ptomaspis canadensis, Dikenaspis yukonensis, Homalaspidella borealis, Traquairaspis angusta (185831)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Canada (Northwest Territories) Athenaegis chattertoni (90310) Heterostraci indet. 2 (90320) Lanarkia horrida (90314)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Russian Federation Tesakoviaspis concentrica (90402)
Llandovery - Ludlow443.4 - 423.0USA (New York) Vernonaspis sp. (12764)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4Canada (Northwest Territories) Tolypelepis sp. A (188784)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4United Kingdom (Scotland) Traquairaspis campbelli (26907)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4China (Jiangsu) Kiangsuaspis nankingensis (27751)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Lanarkia sp. (26906)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0Canada (Northwest Territories) Cyathaspididae indet. (188832 188834)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0Canada (Nunavut) Cyathaspis sp. (26882)
Homerian430.5 - 427.4Canada (Northwest Territories) Ariaspis n. sp., Pilolepsis margaritifera, Vernonaspis sp., Traquairaspis lemniscata, Ariaspis ornata (497)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0United Kingdom (Scotland) Lanarkia sp. (26896)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0Canada (Nunavut) Pteraspidomorphes indet. (26883)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0USA (Pennsylvania) Americaspis sp., Vernonaspis sp. (14206)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0Russian Federation Archegonaspis sp., Cyathaspididae indet. (90326)
Ludfordian425.6 - 423.0Sweden (Gotland) Cyathaspida indet., Gomphodus sandelensis, Gomphodus hoppei (13820)
Ludfordian425.6 - 423.0USA (New York) Vernonaspis sp. (26085)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2Canada (Nunavut) Ariaspis arctata (185830) Corvaspis arctica, Traquairaspidida indet., Cyathaspidida indet. (90324) Cyathaspididae indet. (14024)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2Lithuania Gomphodus sandelensis (207344)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2Estonia Gomphodus sandelensis (13829) Tolypelepis undulata, Strosipherus indentatus, Gomphodus sandelensis (13830)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2USA (New York) Archegonaspis sp., Vernonaspis sp. (493)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2Russian Federation Tolypelepis undulata, Strosipherus sp., Cyathaspididae indet. (90328)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2United Kingdom (England) Cyathaspis sp. (26914)
Pridoli423.0 - 419.2Canada (New Brunswick) Cyathaspis acadica (161318)
Paadla422.9 - 419.2Estonia Gomphodus sandelensis (13826 13827)
Ohesaare421.5 - 419.2Estonia Tolypelepis undulata, Strosipherus indentatus, Gomphodus sandelensis (13831)
Ohesaare421.5 - 419.2Estonia (Saare) Tolypelepis undulata, Tylodus deltoides, Strosipherus indentatus (193837)
Kuressaare421.3 - 419.2Estonia Gomphodus sandelensis (13828)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8France Anglaspis sp., Poraspis sp., Protopteraspis sp. (26983)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8USA (Wyoming) Cardipeltis richardoni, Cardipeltis bryanti, Protaspis transversa, Lampraspis tuberculata, Protaspis mcgrewi, Protaspis brevispina (153534)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8United Kingdom (Herefordshire) Pteraspis jackana, Weigeltaspis sp., Pteraspis crouchi, Pteraspis rostrata (201736)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Norway Anglaspis sp., Corvaspis sp., Ctenaspis sp., Dinaspidella sp., Poraspis sp., Traquairaspis sp., Protopteraspis sp. (26929)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Canada (Nunavut) Anglaspis sp., Ctenaspis russelli, Aporemaspis pholidata (90322) Cyathaspididae indet. (14027) Pteraspididae indet., Cyathaspididae indet. (14026)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Canada (Nova Scotia) Traquairaspis sp., Protopteraspis sp. (14201)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Russian Federation Anglaspis sp., Anglaspis sp. 1, Corveolepis graticulata, Ctenaspis sp., Ctenaspis sp. 1, Poraspis sp., Lepidaspis sp., Poraspis polaris, Heterostraci indet., Corvaspididae indet., Traquairaspidiformes indet., Phialaspis sp., Pteraspidiformes indet., Irregulareaspis sp., Homalaspidella sp., Protopteraspis sp., Unarkaspis sp., Pteraspididae indet., Putoranaspis sp., Poraspididae indet., Amphiaspidiformes indet. (90330) Corveolepis elgae, Corvaspididae indet., Tesseraspis sp., Tesseraspis mosaica (90329) Steinaspis sp. (26989) Tareyaspis venusta (26668)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8United Kingdom (England) Althaspis sp. (90351) Europrotapsis crenulata, Althaspis leachi (90352) Pteraspis rostrata (10679) Pteraspis sp., Weigeltaspis sp. (26918)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Ukraine Podolaspis sp., Larnovaspis sp. (236556) Pteraspidomorphi indet., Corvaspis sp., Traquairaspis sp., Podolaspis sp., Larnovaspis sp. (26978) Pteraspis major, Larnovaspis major, Larnovaspis kneri, Pteraspis rostrata (90349) Pteraspis podolicus, Pteraspis kneri, Pteraspididae indet. A, Pteraspididae indet. B, Pteraspididae indet. E, Palaeaspis simionescui, Pteraspis rostrata, Cyathaspis sturi (90350)
Lochkovian419.2 - 410.8Canada (Nunavat) Pteraspidomorphi indet. (204935)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.2 - 407.6USA (Ohio) Allocryptaspis sp., Zascinaspis sp. (26874)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.2 - 407.6Ukraine Pteraspis sp., Brotzenaspis kiaeri (23447)
Early/Lower Devonian419.2 - 393.3USA (Wyoming) Cardipeltis richardsoni, Cardipeltis bryanti, Protaspis transversa, Lampraspis tuberculata, Protaspis mcgrewi, Protaspis brevispina (26179)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Russian Federation Poraspis sp., Traquairaspidiformes indet., Protopteraspididae indet., Protopteraspididae indet. 1, Pteraspidiformes indet., Pteraspididae indet., Miltaspis sp., Gigantaspis sp., Poraspididae indet. (90331)
Pragian410.8 - 407.6Ukraine Pteraspis major, Pteraspididae indet. D, Pteraspididae indet. F, Pteraspididae indet. G, Podolaspis lerichei, Brachipteraspis latissima (90348)
Pragian - Emsian410.8 - 393.3Norway Doryaspis arctica (233178)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Germany (Alken) Drepanaspis sp., Rhinopteraspis dunensis (27049)
Early/Lower Emsian409.1 - 402.5Germany (Gemuenden) Drepanaspis gemuendensis, Pteraspis dunensis (26903)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3USA (Wyoming) Allocryptaspis ellipticus, Allocryptaspis flabelliformis, Cardipeltis wallacii, Protaspis ovata, Protaspis sculpta, Oreaspis dunklei, Oreaspis williamsi, Oreaspis ampla (26176)
Emsian407.6 - 393.3Belarus (Gormel) Psammolepis toriensis (232956) Schizosteus sp., Psammosteus toriensis (232955)
Late/Upper Emsian402.5 - 391.9USA (California) Pteraspididae indet., Blieckaspis priscillae (206448) Pteraspididae indet., Panamintaspis snowi, Phyllonaspis taphensis, Cyathaspididae indet. (206449)
Late/Upper Emsian - Eifelian402.5 - 387.7Latvia Schizosteus sp. (226510)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Latvia Schizosteus striatus (225795 225796 225797)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Germany Helaspis dissimilis (60134) Helaspis plexa ssp. S (60467) Helaspis sp. (25368 60446 60466)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Belarus Pycnosteus sp. (225881 225882) Tartuosteus sp. (225853)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Brazil (Para) Pteraspis sp. (37137)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Belarus (Vitebsk) Schizosteus sp., Pteraspidiformes indet. (232958)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Russian Federation Pycnosteus sp., Schizosteus heterolepis, Tartuosteus sp., Heterostraci indet., Protopteraspididae indet 2, Psammosteus sp., Psammosteidae indet., Psammolepis sp. (90332)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Estonia Pycnosteus sp., Schizosteus striatus, Tartuosteus sp. (225793) Schizosteus heterolepis, Tartuosteus sp., Psammolepis toriensis (225791)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7USA (Michigan) Helaspis sp. (206788)
Middle Devonian393.3 - 382.7USA (Michigan) Helaspis luma (219866)
Late/Upper Eifelian389.6 - 387.7Germany Helaspis plexa ssp. S (60140)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Russian Federation Tartuosteus sp., Heterostraci indet., Psammosteus sp., Psammosteidae indet., Psammolepis sp. (90333)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Belarus Pycnosteus sp., Schizosteus striatus (225886)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Estonia Pycnosteus palaeformis, Tartuosteus giganteus, Psammolepis proia (225804) Pycnosteus pauli, Tartuosteus giganteus, Tartuosteus luhai, Psammolepis proia (225803)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Latvia Pycnosteus palaeformis, Pycnosteus pauli, Schizosteus striatus, Tartuosteus giganteus, Tartuosteus luhai, Psammolepis proia (225802) Pycnosteus palaeformis, Schizosteus striatus, Tartuosteus giganteus, Tartuosteus luhai, Psammolepis proia (225850)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Svalbard and Jan Mayen (Spitsbergen) Psammosteidae indet. (225592)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7USA (Michigan) Helaspis luma (207859)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Russian Federation Oredezhosteus kuleshovi (90346) Psammosteus sp. (90335) Tartuosteus zheleznogorskensis, Psammosteus praecursor (90343)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Latvia Oredezhosteus livonicus (90347)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Estonia Psammosteus spp., Psammolepis spp., Psammolepis abavica (225778)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Belarus Psammosteus praecursor (225888)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Russian Federation Heterostraci indet., Psammosteus sp., Psammolepis sp. (90334)
Late/Upper Givetian380.2 - 382.7Latvia Psammolepis paradoxa, Psammolepis alata (225777)
Late/Upper Frasnian379.5 - 376.1Russian Federation Psammosteus sp. (90336)
Pennsylvanian323.2 - 298.9Ireland Psammosteus granulatus (132818)
Pennsylvanian323.2 - 298.9United Kingdom Psammosteus vermicularis (132819)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3Czech Republic Gomphodus scrobiculatus (90516 90518)