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Epitonium (Boreoscala)
Taxonomy
Boreoscala was named by Kobelt (1905) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 158]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Epitonium (Boreoscala) by Durham (1937), Durham (1944), Ladd (1972), Hickman (1980) and Oleinik and Marincovich (2003).
It was assigned to Scalidae by Abbass (1967); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Epitonium by Durham (1937), Durham (1944), Ladd (1972), Hickman (1980) and Oleinik and Marincovich (2003).
It was reranked as Epitonium (Boreoscala) by Durham (1937), Durham (1944), Ladd (1972), Hickman (1980) and Oleinik and Marincovich (2003).
It was assigned to Scalidae by Abbass (1967); to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Epitonium by Durham (1937), Durham (1944), Ladd (1972), Hickman (1980) and Oleinik and Marincovich (2003).
Subtaxa
Species lacking formal opinion data
Boreoscala greenlandica, Epitonium charitopolos, Epitonium emydoneus, Epitonium expectatum, Epitonium foliaceicostatum, Epitonium foliaceicostum, Epitonium foliaceicostum, Epitonium foliaceicostum, Epitonium foliaceiscostatum, Epitonium gabbi, Epitonium groenlandica, Epitonium humphreysi, Epitonium imperiale, Epitonium krebsii, Epitonium leroyi, Epitonium multiliniferum, Epitonium muricatum, Epitonium novangliae, Epitonium paytens, Epitonium replicata, Epitonium rushii, Epitonium sculptatum, Epitonium sericifilum, Epitonium suboptima, Epitonium venezuelense
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1905 | Boreoscala Kobelt p. 23 |
| 1908 | Catenoscala Dall p. 80 |
| 1909 | Epitonium (Catenoscala) Dall |
| 1937 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Durham p. 493 |
| 1944 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Durham p. 156 |
| 1967 | Boreoscala Abbass p. 43 |
| 1972 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Ladd p. 51 |
| 1980 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Hickman p. 26 |
| 2002 | Boreoscala Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Catenoscala Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Epitonium (Boreoscala) Oleinik and Marincovich Jr p. 40 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subg. Epitonium (Boreoscala) Kobelt 1905
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†Boreoscala faizae Abbass 1967
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) condoni Dall 1909
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†Epitonium (Boreoscala) condoni eugenense Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) condoni hadlockense Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) condoni townsendense Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) condoni woodmanense Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) condoni quimperense Durham 1937
Epitonium (Boreoscala) coosense Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) earlturneri Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) insecuritum Hanna 1924
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) keaseyense Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) keaseyensis Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) wagneri Durham 1937
†Epitonium (Boreoscala) wyattdurhami Hickman 1980
Invalid names: Epitonium (Catenoscala) Dall 1908 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. W. Durham 1937 | Shell usually large, heavy; with prominent varices that cross basal keel and continue to aperture; distinct axial sculpture; basal disk present, rather indistinct, bounded by a well-marked keel; aperture oval, outer lip thickened by last varix, inner lip thin; anterior auricle present |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Abbott and Dance 1986, Kiessling 2004, Beu et al. 1990 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Holocene or 41.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma
Collections (71 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eocene | USA (California) | Epitonium condoni (194549) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | Russian Federation (Kamchatka) | Epitonium sp. (7275 8049) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (California) | Epitonium condoni (194440 194586) Epitonium sp. (194186) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Oregon) | Epitonium earlturneri (200100) | |
| Bartonian | Russian Federation (Kamchatka) | Epitonium sp. (5946) | |
| Bartonian | Egypt | Boreoscala faizae (2959) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Washington) | Epitonium condoni (203164) Epitonium insecuritum (200105) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | Russian Federation | Epitonium keaseyense (50151) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Washington) | Epitonium condoni (91606 91607) Epitonium condoni, Epitonium keaseyense (40733) Epitonium schencki (39964) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Oregon) | Epitonium condoni (38940 38988 39000 39002 39003 39005 39021 39022 39023 39025 40182 233549) Epitonium condoni, Epitonium wyattdurhami (40188) Epitonium keaseyense (39952 40194 40198 40200 40201) Epitonium keaseyensis (126108) Epitonium schencki (39945 39949 39959 40189 40195 40204) Epitonium schencki, Epitonium condoni (40183 40199) Epitonium schencki, Epitonium condoni, Epitonium wyattdurhami, Epitonium keaseyense (40186 40197) Epitonium schencki, Epitonium keaseyense (39942 39958 40185 40193) Epitonium schencki, Epitonium keaseyensis (40191) Epitonium schencki, Epitonium wyattdurhami, Epitonium keaseyense (40192) Epitonium wyattdurhami (40184) | |
| Priabonian | Tonga | Epitonium sp. (43006) | |
| Priabonian - Rupelian | USA (Oregon) | Epitonium schencki, Epitonium condoni, Epitonium keaseyense (40187) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (California) | Epitonium condoni (71161 71170 71173 71175 71176 71178) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | USA (Washington) | Epitonium condoni (4900) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Washington) | Epitonium schencki (39965) | |
| Oligocene | USA (Washington) | Epitonium condoni (208138 208139 208143 208146) | |
| Chattian | USA (Alaska) | Epitonium groenlandica (195951 195953) | |
| Chattian | USA (Oregon) | Epitonium condoni (57052) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Japan | Epitonium yabei (71050) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | Boreoscala greenlandica (51005) |