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Ichthyosaurus communis

Reptilia - Ichthyosauridae

Taxonomy
Ichthyosaurus communis was named by Conybeare (1821).

It was recombined as Eurypterygius communis by von Huene (1922) and Delair (1960).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Ichthyosaurus communis Conybeare
1822Ichthyosaurus intermedius Conybeare p. 108 figs. pl. 15, fig. 9
1822Ichthyosaurus communis Parkinson p. 299
1826Ichthyosaurus communis Fitzinger p. 46
1834Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus Hawkins p. 12
1834Ichthyosaurus chiropolyostinus Hawkins p. 12 figs. Pl. VII
1840Ichthyosaurus polyostinus Hawkins p. 12 figs. Pl. VII-XI
1840Ichthyosaurus communis Owen p. 108
1840Ichthyosaurus intermedius Owen p. 110
1840Ichthyosaurus latimanus Owen p. 123
1849Ichthyosaurus communis d'Orbigny p. 210
1851Ichthyosaurus communis Mantell p. 362
1851Ichthyosaurus intermedius Mantell p. 362
1858Ichthyosaurus communis Buckland p. 168
1858Ichthyosaurus intermedius Buckland p. 168
1861Ichthyosaurus communis Owen p. 227
1869Ichthyosaurus communis Seeley p. 142
1884Ichthyosaurus fortimanus Owen
1889Ichthyosaurus communis Lydekker p. 41 figs. 17, 19-21
1889Ichthyosaurus intermedius Lydekker p. 55 figs. 18, 23
1909Ichthyosaurus communis Dollo p. 99
1922Eurypterygius communis von Huene p. 5
1922Eurypterygius intermedius von Huene p. 9
1934Ichthyosaurus communis Swinton p. 64
1934Ichthyosaurus intermedius Swinton p. 69
1960Eurypterygius communis Delair p. 61
1960Eurypterygius intermedius Delair p. 62
1974Ichthyosaurus communis McGowan p. 6 figs. Figs. 2,3
2000Ichthyosaurus communis Maisch and Matzke p. 74
2000Ichthyosaurus intermedius Maisch and Matzke p. 74
2003Ichthyosaurus communis McGowan and Motani
2008Ichthyosaurus communis Maisch et al.
2010Ichthyosaurus communis Maisch
2010Ichthyosaurus intermedius Maisch
2012Ichthyosaurus communis Bennett et al.
2013Ichthyosaurus communis Fischer et al.
2014Ichthyosaurus communis Arkhangelsky and Zverkov
2016Ichthyosaurus communis Ji et al. p. 12
2018Ichthyosaurus communis Massare and Lomax

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
RankNameAuthor
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Ichthyosauromorpha
—Ichthyosauriformes
—Ichthyopterygia(Owen 1840)
—Eoichthyosauria
—Ichthyosauria(de Blainville 1835)
—Thunnosauria
familyIchthyosauridaeBonaparte 1841
genusIchthyosaurusKoenig 1818
speciescommunisConybeare 1821

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

†Ichthyosaurus communis Conybeare 1821
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus Hawkins 1834 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus chiropolyostinus Hawkins 1834 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus fortimanus Owen 1884 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus intermedius Conybeare 1822 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus latimanus Owen 1840 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus polyostinus Hawkins 1840 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
W. D. Conybeare 1822 (Ichthyosaurus intermedius)The upper part of the teeth is much more acutely conical than in I. communis, and the striae less prominent: yet they are less slender than in I. tenuirostris. The species is also distinguished by differences (presently to be noticed) in the angular and coronoid bones of the lower jaw.
M. W. Maisch and A. T. Matzke 2000"Large species, skull reaching more than 60 cm in length, snout robust and moderately long, orbit moderately large, less than 20 maxillary teeth, teeth robust and curved, with blunt tips, roots never abruptly expanding, lacrimal with enormous anterior extension below premaxilla, jugal with rounded cross-section, quadratojugal moderately short dorsoventrally, quadrate ascending plate robust."
M. W. Maisch and A. T. Matzke 2000 (Ichthyosaurus intermedius)"Small species, skull less than 40 cm in length, skull proportions similar to I. communis, number of maxillary teeth much larger than 20, teeth heavily striated, crowns very long and slender, roots often expanding rather abruptly, posterior maxillary teeth situated below orbit and distinctly recurved, jugal with dorsoventrally compressed suborbital ramus with lateral ridge, quadratojugal very short dorsoventrally, ascending plate of quadrate very delicate."
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparouso
Created: 2009-07-20 06:07:40
Modified: 2010-02-23 00:20:57
Source: o = order
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Hettangian to the top of the Early/Lower Pliensbachian or 201.30000 to 183.00000 Ma

Collections (21 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Rhaetian - Hettangian208.5 - 199.3United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus intermedius (96606 96607 96608 96611)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus (153787)
Early/Lower Jurassic201.4 - 174.7United Kingdom (Somerset) Ichthyosaurus communis, Ichthyosaurus latimanus (198904)
Hettangian201.3 - 199.3United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus chiropolyostinus (153783) Ichthyosaurus communis (142744) Ichthyosaurus communis, Ichthyosaurus intermedius (149321)
Early/Lower Hettangian201.3 - 196.5United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus (110213) Ichthyosaurus communis, Ichthyosaurus intermedius (119083)
Hettangian - Pliensbachian201.3 - 182.7United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus communis (98150)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (Scotland) Ichthyosaurus communis (165070)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6Switzerland (Aargau) Ichthyosaurus communis (142834)
Early/Lower Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus communis (227266) Ichthyosaurus communis, Ichthyosaurus intermedius (140334)
Late/Upper Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus intermedius (227267)
Late/Upper Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6Belgium Ichthyosaurus communis (176443)
Late/Upper Sinemurian196.5 - 189.6Belgium (Luxembourg) Ichthyosaurus communis (188429)
Semicostatum196.5 - 189.6United Kingdom Ichthyosaurus communis (42202)
Early/Lower Pliensbachian189.6 - 183.0United Kingdom (England) Ichthyosaurus communis (139701)