PBDB

Hamilton Cave (Pleistocene of the United States)

Where: Pendleton County, West Virginia (38.6° N, 79.4° W: paleocoordinates 38.6° N, 79.2° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

When: Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.0 Ma)

Environment/lithology: cave; claystone

• "Many fossils of terrestrial vertebrates have been excavated from the cave’s clay floor. The fossils are found in the top 75 cm of this clay."

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: F. Grady. 1991. Fossil Chiroptera From Two West Virginia Caves. The National Speleological Society Bulletin 53(2):122 [M. Uhen/M. Shalap/M. Shalap]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 123875: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Margaret Shalap on 01.02.2012, edited by Mark Uhen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

unclassified
-	Parascalopis breweri² Parascalopis breweri²
Osteichthyes
Salientia - Ranidae	Rana catesbeina⁴, Rana clamitans⁴, Rana sylvatica⁴, Rana pipiens⁴ Rana catesbeina⁴ frog Rana clamitans⁴ frog Rana sylvatica⁴ frog Rana pipiens⁴ Schreber 1782 Northern leopard frog
Salientia - Hylidae	Hyla chrysoscelis⁴, Hyla crucifer⁴ Hyla chrysoscelis⁴ tree frog Hyla crucifer⁴ tree frog
Salientia - Bufonidae	"Bufo woodhousii" = Bufo woodhousei⁴, Bufo americanus⁴ "Bufo woodhousii" = Bufo woodhousei⁴ Girard 1854 Woodhouse's toad Subspecies fowleri Bufo americanus⁴ Holbrook 1836 American toad
Caudata - Urodela	Cryptobranchus sp.⁴, Notophthalmus viridescens⁴, "Ambystoma jeffersonianum" = Amblystoma⁴, Ambystoma opacum⁴, Ambystoma tigrinum⁴, "Ambystoma maculatum" = Amblystoma maculatum⁴, Desmognathus monticola⁴, Desmognathus ochrophaeus⁴, Desmognathus fuscus⁴, Gyrinophilus sp.⁴, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus⁴ Cryptobranchus sp.⁴ Leuckart 1821 hellbender Notophthalmus viridescens⁴ Rafinesque 1820 Eastern newt "Ambystoma jeffersonianum" = Amblystoma⁴ mole salamander Ambystoma opacum⁴ Gravenhorst 1807 Marbled salamander Ambystoma tigrinum⁴ Green 1825 tiger salamander "Ambystoma maculatum" = Amblystoma maculatum⁴ Shaw 1802 Spotted salamander Desmognathus monticola⁴ lungless salamander Desmognathus ochrophaeus⁴ Cope 1859 lungless salamander Desmognathus fuscus⁴ Rafinesque 1820 Northern dusky salamander Gyrinophilus sp.⁴ Cope 1869 lungless salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus⁴ Green 1827 lungless salamander
Reptilia
Testudines - Panemydidae	Emydidae indet.⁴ Emydidae indet.⁴ Rafinesque 1815 turtle
Squamata - Iguanidae	Sceloporus undulatus⁴ Sceloporus undulatus⁴ Bosc 1802 eastern fence lizard
Squamata - Colubridae	Storeria sp.⁴, Elaphe sp.⁴, Coluber constrictor⁴, Lampropeltis triangulum⁴, Carphophis amoenus⁴, Thamnophis sp.⁴, Nerodia sipedon⁴ Storeria sp.⁴ Baird and Girard 1853 brown snake Elaphe sp.⁴ Wagler 1833 colubrid snake Coluber constrictor⁴ Linnaeus 1758 black racer Lampropeltis triangulum⁴ Lacépède 1788 milk snake Carphophis amoenus⁴ Say worm snake Thamnophis sp.⁴ Fitzinger 1843 garter snake Nerodia sipedon⁴ Linnaeus 1758 northern water snake
Squamata - Crotalidae	Crotalus horridus⁴ Crotalus horridus⁴ Linnaeus 1758 timber rattlesnake
Squamata - Scincidae	Eumeces laticeps⁴, Eumeces fasciatus⁴ Eumeces laticeps⁴ skink Eumeces fasciatus⁴ Linnaeus 1758 five-lined skink
Mammalia
Rodentia - Cricetidae	Neotoma spelaea², "Neotoma magister" = Neotoma floridana², Lasiopodomys deceitensis², Ondatra annectens⁵, Ondatra annectens², Synaptomys sp.², Synaptomys cooperi², Phenacomys brachyodus², Mimomys virginianus², "Clethrionomys sp." = Myodes², Clethrionomys gapperi², Allophaiomys pliocaenicus², "Pitymys hibbardi" = Microtus hibbardi², Microtus pennsylvanicus², Microtus xanthognathus², Microtus paroperarius², "Atopomys salvelinus" = Atopomys texensis², Peromyscus sp.², Peromyscus cumberlandensis² Neotoma spelaea² Gidley and Gazin 1933 pack rat "Neotoma magister" = Neotoma floridana² Ord 1818 eastern woodrat Lasiopodomys deceitensis² Guthrie and Matthews 1971 vole Ondatra annectens⁵ Brown 1908 muskrat Ondatra annectens² Brown 1908 muskrat Synaptomys sp.² Baird 1858 vole Synaptomys cooperi² Baird 1858 southern bog lemming Phenacomys brachyodus² Repenning and Grady 1988 vole Mimomys virginianus² Repenning and Grady 1988 vole "Clethrionomys sp." = Myodes² Pallas 1811 vole Clethrionomys gapperi² Vigors 1830 southern red-backed vole Allophaiomys pliocaenicus² Kormos 1932 vole "Pitymys hibbardi" = Microtus hibbardi² Holman 1959 vole Microtus pennsylvanicus² Ord 1815 meadow vole Microtus xanthognathus² Leach 1815 taiga vole Microtus paroperarius² Hibbard 1944 vole "Atopomys salvelinus" = Atopomys texensis² Patton 1965 mouse Peromyscus sp.² Gloger 1841 deer mouse Peromyscus cumberlandensis² Guilday and Handley 1967 deer mouse
Rodentia - Sciuridae	Spermophilus sp.², Marmota monax², Tamias striatus², Glaucomys sp.², Tamiasciurus hudsonicus² Spermophilus sp.² Cuvier 1825 ground squirrel Marmota monax² Linnaeus 1758 groundhog Tamias striatus² Linnaeus 1758 eastern chipmunk Glaucomys sp.² Thomas 1908 flying squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus² Erxleben 1777 American red squirrel
Rodentia - Geomyidae	Thomomys cf. potomacensis² Thomomys cf. potomacensis² Gidley and Gazin 1933 pocket gopher
Rodentia - Castoridae	Castor canadensis³, Castor canadensis², Dipoides sp.³ Castor canadensis³ Kuhl 1820 American beaver Castor canadensis² Kuhl 1820 American beaver Dipoides sp.³ Jaeger 1835 beaver
Rodentia - Zapodidae	Napaeozapus sp.², Zapus sp.² Napaeozapus sp.² Miller 1900 jumping mouse Zapus sp.² Coues 1876 jumping mouse
Lagomorpha - Leporidae	cf. Sylvilagus sp.² cf. Sylvilagus sp.² Gray 1867 cottontail rabbit
Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae	Ochotona sp.² Ochotona sp.² Link 1795 pika
Lipotyphla - Talpidae	Condylura crystata² Condylura crystata² star-nosed mole
Tribosphenida - Soricidae	Sorex sp.², Sorex cf. cinereus², Blarina cf. brevicauda² Sorex sp.² Linnaeus 1758 long-tailed shrew Sorex cf. cinereus² Kerr 1792 cinereus shrew Blarina cf. brevicauda² Say 1823 northern short-tailed shrew
Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae	Lasiurus borealis, Myotis sp., Plecotus sp., Pipistrellus subflavus, Eptesicus fuscus Lasiurus borealis Muller 1776 hairy-tailed bat Myotis sp. Kaup 1829 vesper bat Plecotus sp. Geoffroy 1818 vesper bat Pipistrellus subflavus Cuvier 1832 eastern pipistrelle bat Eptesicus fuscus Beauvois 1796 big brown bat
Chiroptera - Molossidae	Tadarida cf. brasiliensis Tadarida cf. brasiliensis Geoffroy 1824 Mexican free-tailed bat
Carnivora - Felidae	Smilodon gracilis¹, Smilodon fatalis¹ Smilodon gracilis¹ Cope 1880 saber-toothed cat Smilodon fatalis¹ Leidy 1868 saber-toothed cat
Ungulata - Tayassuidae	Platygonus compressus² Platygonus compressus² Leconte 1848 peccary

¹Grady 2000; ²Grady and Garton 2000; ³Grady and Garton 2005; ⁴Holman and Grady 1989; ⁵Martin et al. 2009