Hamilton Cave (Pleistocene of the United States)

Where: Pendleton County, West Virginia (38.6° N, 79.4° W)

• Paleocoordinates: 38.8° N, 78.9° W (Wright 2013)

• coordinate estimated from map

When: Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.0 Ma)

Environment/lithology: cave; claystone

• "Many fossils of terrestrial vertebrates have been excavated from the cave’s clay floor. The fossils are found in the top 75 cm of this clay."

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: F. Grady. 1991. Fossil Chiroptera From Two West Virginia Caves. The National Speleological Society Bulletin 53(2):122 [M. Uhen/M. Shalap/M. Shalap]more details

Purpose of describing collection: general faunal/floral analysis

PaleoDB collection 123875: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Margaret Shalap on 01.02.2012, edited by Mark Uhen

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified
  -
Parascalopis breweri2
Amphibia
 Salientia - Hylidae
Hyla chrysoscelis4, Hyla crucifer4
Hyla crucifer4 tree frog
 Salientia - Ranidae
Rana catesbeina4, Rana pipiens4, Rana clamitans4, Rana sylvatica4
Rana pipiens4 Schreber 1782 Northern leopard frog
Rana clamitans4 Latreille 1801 frog
Rana sylvatica4 LeConte 1825 frog
 Salientia - Bufonidae
Bufo woodhousii fowleri4, Bufo americanus4
Bufo woodhousii fowleri4 Hinckley 1882 Woodhouse's toad
Bufo americanus4 Holbrook 1836 American toad
 Caudata - Urodela
"Ambystoma jeffersonianum" = Amblystoma4, Ambystoma opacum4, Ambystoma tigrinum4, "Ambystoma maculatum" = Amblystoma maculatum4, Desmognathus ochrophaeus4, Desmognathus monticola4, Desmognathus fuscus4, Gyrinophilus sp.4, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus4, Notophthalmus viridescens4, Cryptobranchus sp.4
"Ambystoma jeffersonianum" = Amblystoma4 mole salamander
Ambystoma opacum4 Gravenhorst 1807 Marbled salamander
Ambystoma tigrinum4 Green 1825 tiger salamander
"Ambystoma maculatum" = Amblystoma maculatum4 Shaw 1802 Spotted salamander
Desmognathus ochrophaeus4 Cope 1859 lungless salamander
Desmognathus monticola4 Dunn 1916 Seal salamander
Desmognathus fuscus4 Rafinesque 1820 Northern dusky salamander
Gyrinophilus sp.4 Cope 1869 lungless salamander
Gyrinophilus porphyriticus4 Green 1827 lungless salamander
Notophthalmus viridescens4 Rafinesque 1820 Eastern newt
Cryptobranchus sp.4 Leuckart 1821 hellbender
Mammalia
 Soricomorpha - Soricidae
Sorex sp.2, Sorex cf. cinereus2, Blarina cf. brevicauda2
Sorex sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 long-tailed shrew
Sorex cf. cinereus2 Kerr 1792 cinereus shrew
Blarina cf. brevicauda2 Say 1823 northern short-tailed shrew
 Soricomorpha - Talpidae
Condylura crystata2
Condylura crystata2 star-nosed mole
 Carnivora - Felidae
Smilodon fatalis1, Smilodon gracilis1
Smilodon fatalis1 Leidy 1868 saber-toothed cat
Smilodon gracilis1 Cope 1880 saber-toothed cat
 Artiodactyla - Tayassuidae
Platygonus compressus2
Platygonus compressus2 Leconte 1848 peccary
 Rodentia - Castoridae
Castor canadensis3, Castor canadensis2, Dipoides sp.3
Castor canadensis3 Kuhl 1820 American beaver
Castor canadensis2 Kuhl 1820 American beaver
Dipoides sp.3 Jaeger 1835 beaver
 Rodentia - Geomyidae
Thomomys cf. potomacensis2
Thomomys cf. potomacensis2 Gidley and Gazin 1933 pocket gopher
 Rodentia - Cricetidae
Neotoma spelaea2, "Neotoma magister" = Neotoma floridana2, Ondatra annectens5, Ondatra annectens2, Lasiopodomys deceitensis2, Mimomys virginianus2, Allophaiomys pliocaenicus2, "Atopomys salvelinus" = Atopomys texensis2, Microtus paroperarius2, "Pitymys hibbardi" = Microtus hibbardi2, Microtus pennsylvanicus2, Microtus xanthognathus2, Phenacomys brachyodus2, "Clethrionomys sp." = Myodes2, Clethrionomys gapperi2, Peromyscus sp.2, Peromyscus cumberlandensis2, Synaptomys sp.2, Synaptomys cooperi2
Neotoma spelaea2 Gidley and Gazin 1933 pack rat
"Neotoma magister" = Neotoma floridana2 Ord 1818 eastern woodrat
Ondatra annectens5 Brown 1908 muskrat
Ondatra annectens2 Brown 1908 muskrat
Lasiopodomys deceitensis2 Guthrie and Matthews 1971 vole
Mimomys virginianus2 Repenning and Grady 1988 vole
Allophaiomys pliocaenicus2 Kormos 1932 vole
"Atopomys salvelinus" = Atopomys texensis2 Patton 1965 vole
Microtus paroperarius2 Hibbard 1944 vole
"Pitymys hibbardi" = Microtus hibbardi2 Holman 1959 vole
Microtus pennsylvanicus2 Ord 1815 meadow vole
Microtus xanthognathus2 Leach 1815 taiga vole
Phenacomys brachyodus2 Repenning and Grady 1988 vole
"Clethrionomys sp." = Myodes2 Pallas 1811 vole
Clethrionomys gapperi2 Vigors 1830 southern red-backed vole
Peromyscus sp.2 Gloger 1841 deer mouse
Peromyscus cumberlandensis2 Guilday and Handley 1967 deer mouse
Synaptomys sp.2 Baird 1858 rodent
Synaptomys cooperi2 Baird 1858 southern bog lemming
 Rodentia - Sciuridae
Glaucomys sp.2, Spermophilus sp.2, Tamias striatus2, Marmota monax2, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus2
Glaucomys sp.2 Thomas 1908 flying squirrel
Spermophilus sp.2 Cuvier 1825 ground squirrel
Tamias striatus2 Linnaeus 1758 eastern chipmunk
Marmota monax2 Linnaeus 1758 groundhog
Tamiasciurus hudsonicus2 Erxleben 1777 American red squirrel
 Rodentia - Zapodidae
Zapus sp.2, Napaeozapus sp.2
Zapus sp.2 Coues 1876 jumping mouse
Napaeozapus sp.2 Miller 1900 jumping mouse
 Lagomorpha - Ochotonidae
Ochotona sp.2
Ochotona sp.2 Link 1795 pika
 Lagomorpha - Leporidae
cf. Sylvilagus sp.2
cf. Sylvilagus sp.2 Gray 1867 cottontail rabbit
 Chiroptera -
Myotis sp.
Myotis sp. Kaup 1829 bat
 Chiroptera - Molossidae
Tadarida cf. brasiliensis
Tadarida cf. brasiliensis Geoffroy 1824 Mexican free-tailed bat
 Chiroptera - Vespertilionidae
Plecotus sp., "Pipistrellus subflavus" = Perimyotis subflavus, Lasiurus borealis, Eptesicus fuscus
Plecotus sp. Geoffroy 1818 vesper bat
"Pipistrellus subflavus" = Perimyotis subflavus Cuvier 1832 eastern pipistrelle bat
Lasiurus borealis Muller 1776 hairy-tailed bat
Eptesicus fuscus Beauvois 1796 big brown bat
Reptilia
 Testudines - Emydidae
Emydidae indet.4
Emydidae indet.4 Rafinesque 1815 turtle
 Squamata - Scincidae
Eumeces laticeps4, Eumeces fasciatus4
Eumeces laticeps4 Schneider 1801 Broadhead skink
Eumeces fasciatus4 Linnaeus 1758 five-lined skink
 Squamata - Crotalidae
Crotalus horridus4
Crotalus horridus4 Linnaeus 1758 timber rattlesnake
 Squamata - Colubridae
Thamnophis sp.4, Nerodia sipedon4, Storeria sp.4, Carphophis amoenus4, Coluber constrictor4, Elaphe sp.4, Lampropeltis triangulum4
Thamnophis sp.4 Fitzinger 1843 garter snake
Nerodia sipedon4 Linnaeus 1758 northern water snake
Storeria sp.4 Baird and Girard 1853 brown snake
Carphophis amoenus4 Say worm snake
Coluber constrictor4 Linnaeus 1758 black racer
Elaphe sp.4 Wagler 1833 colubrid snake
Lampropeltis triangulum4 Lacépède 1788 milk snake
 Squamata - Iguanidae
Sceloporus undulatus4
Sceloporus undulatus4 Bosc 1802 eastern fence lizard
1Grady 2000; 2Grady and Garton 2000; 3Grady and Garton 2005; 4Holman and Grady 1989; 5Martin et al. 2009