Where: Indiana (39.4° N, 85.6° W: paleocoordinates 27.6° S, 51.7° W)
• coordinate based on political unit
• local area-level geographic resolution
When: Laurel Limestone Formation, Wenlock (433.4 - 427.4 Ma)
• "Early Wenlockian: upper third of unit 4 of the Laurel Limestone (= Laurel Member, Salamonie Dolomite of Pinsak and Shaver, 1964) of Frest (1975). The Tennesee equivalent, a part of the upper Maddox Member, Wayne Formation, is within the Kockelella ranuliformis and amsdeni conodont zones...the Indiana section's age is probably comparable."
• member-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: deep subtidal; shelly/skeletal, argillaceous, cherty/siliceous wackestone and shelly/skeletal grainstone
• "...holdfasts common...occasional in dense...aggregations: thickets are present but rare...In some intervals echinoderm debris is micritized and whole megafossils are rare..Most likely outer BA 3 to 3-4 boundary, i.e. at or slightly below effectiv e normal wave base. No bioherms or carbonate buildups occur in association with this community, but ... it is the most diverse single Wenlockian echinoderm assemblage yet reported in North America."
•SEP environmental call based on given information and knowledge of regional geology
• "The dominant lithology is an argillaceous cherty echinodermal wackestone with occasional more pure carbonate grainstone and packstone intervals. In some units very little siliciclastic mud is present, but there may be as much as 30% locally. Bedding is thin (1-5 cm), and winnowed debris layers are common. Echinoderms usually found as appendageless calices, cups, or thecae, but occasional crons are present in some of the more muddy units..."
Collection methods: Echinoderms listed (with abundant, common, uncommon, rare ranking) in table 45.32, which includes several collections from Adams Quarry locality in St. Paul. I have also included other taxa mentioned in text. Echinoderms said to be similar to those of the Caryocrinites sphaeroidalis Association (PBDB coll. 26700, which comes from units 2 and 3 of the Laurel.
Primary reference: T. J. Frest, C. E. Brett, and B. J. Witzke. 1999. Caradocian-Gedinnian echinoderm associations of Central and Eastern North America. Paleocommunities--a case study from the Silurian and Lower Devonian 638-783 [M. Foote/K. Koverman/P. Wagner]more details
Purpose of describing collection: paleoecologic analysis
PaleoDB collection 26771: authorized by Michael Foote, entered by Michael Foote on 31.10.2002
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
Show authors, comments, and common names
unclassified |
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Crinoidea |
Calceocrinida - Calceocrinidae |
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Myelodactylida - Myelodactylidae |
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Pisocrinida - Pisocrinidae |
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Cyathocrinida - Cyathocrinitidae |
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Cyathocrinida - Thalamocrinidae |
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Cyathocrinida - Euspirocrinidae |
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Sagenocrinida - Nipterocrinidae |
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Sagenocrinida - Lecanocrinidae |
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Sagenocrinida - Anisocrinidae |
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Sagenocrinida - Homalocrinidae |
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Flexibilia - |
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Diplobathrida - Dimerocrinitidae |
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Diplobathrida - Gazacrinidae |
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Diplobathrida - Rhodocrinitidae |
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Diplobathrida - Anthemocrinidae |
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Diplobathrida - |
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Diplobathrida - Emperocrinidae |
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Monobathrida - Patelliocrinidae |
Patelliocrinidae "indet. 1", Patelliocrinidae "indet. 2", Laurelocrinus gibbosus, Laurelocrinus paulensis, Laurelocrinus spinoradialis, Laurelocrinus wilsoni, Patelliocrinus indianensis, Patelliocrinus laevis, Patelliocrinus ornatus, Patelliocrinus rugosus, Macrostylocrinus sp.
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Monobathrida - |
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Monobathrida - Melocrinitidae |
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Monobathrida - Hirneacrinidae |
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Monobathrida - Platycrinitidae |
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Monobathrida - Dolatocrinidae |
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Monobathrida - Periechocrinidae |
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Monobathrida - Eucalyptocrinitidae |
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Monobathrida - Marsupiocrinidae |
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Monobathrida - Carpocrinidae |
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Blastoidea |
- |
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Coronata - |
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Troosticrinida - Troosticrinidae |
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Rhombifera |
Hemicosmitoida - Caryocrinitidae |
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Rhynchonellata |
Athyridida - Meristidae |
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Athyridida - Meristellidae |
" ? Cryptothyrella sp." = Hindella Davidson 1882
"?Cryptothyrella or Whitfieldella"
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Rhynchonellida - Machaerariidae |
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Bryozoa |
- |
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Trilobita |
Phacopida - Calymenidae |
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Anthozoa |
Heliolitida - Plasmoporidae |
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