Eschenbach-Bocksberg mine, Bundenbach (Devonian of Germany)

Also known as Bundenbach - Eschenbach, Hunsrück Slate, Huensruck Slate, Hunsrück Lagerstatten

Where: Germany (49.8° N, 7.4° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 8.2° S, 27.0° W (Wright 2013)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Hunsrück Slate Formation, Early/Lower Emsian (410.6 - 399.5 Ma)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: marine; slate

• dark grey to black.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Preservation: replaced with pyrite

Collection methods: quarrying, chemical, mechanical,

Primary reference: W. Stuermer and F. Schaarschmidt. 1980. Pflanzen im Hunsrueckschiefer. Versteinertes Leben im Roentgenlicht 11:19-25 [P. Gensel/C. Bernard/C. Bernard]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 26904: authorized by Pat Gensel, entered by Caroline Bernard on 07.11.2002, edited by Wolfgang Kiessling, Loic Villier, Phil Novack-Gottshall and Mark Uhen

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names
Crinoidea
 Pisocrinida - Pisocrinidae
Calycanthocrinus decadactylus lata
 Monobathrida - Hapalocrinidae
Hapalocrinus frechi imbellis
 Taxocrinida - Taxocrinidae
Taxocrinus stuertzi spinifer
Ophiuroidea
  - Encrinasteridae
Encrinaster primigenius compactus
 Phrynophiurida - Eospondylidae
Eospondylus primigenius compactus
Asteroidea
 Euaxosida - Helianthasteridae
Helianthaster rhenanus microdiscus
Anthozoa
 Favositida - Micheliniidae
Pleurodictyum giganteum1, Pleurodictyum hunsrueckianum1, Pleurodictyum lenticulare1, Pleurodictyum minimum1, Pleurodictyum problematicum1
Pleurodictyum giganteum1 tabulate coral
Pleurodictyum lenticulare1 tabulate coral
Pleurodictyum minimum1 tabulate coral
Scyphozoa
 Conulariida - Conulariidae
Conularia hunsrueckiana1
Cephalopoda
 Ammonitida - Mimosphinctidae
Anetoceras aff. hunsrueckianium1
Polychaeta
  -
Bundenbachochaeta eschenbachensis n. gen. n. sp.1
Marrelomorpha
 Acercostraca - Vachonisiidae
Vachonisia rogeri1
Artiopoda
 Phacopida - Acastidae
Rhenops cf. anserinus1
Soluta
 Dendrocystitida - Dendrocystitidae
Dehmicystis globulus1
Crinoidea
 Cladida - Botryocrinidae
Rhadinocrinus dactylus1
 Ichnofossils -
Chondrites palaeozoicus1
Crinoidea
 Monobathrida - Hapalocrinidae
Hapalocrinus frechi nimisfurcata4, Hapalocrinus frechi rarefurcata4
Prototaxites
  -
Prototaxites loganii
Prototaxites loganii
ID questionable (Gensel, personal communication). possibly Trimerophyte. ID'ed from x-ray.
Psilophytopsida
 Psilophytales - Psilophytaceae
Psilophyton sp.
Psilophyton sp. Dawson 1859
 Psilophytales - Trimerophytaceae
cf. Trimerophyton indet.
Drepanophycus
  -
Drepanophycus indet.
Drepanophycus indet. Göppert 1852
Chlorophyceae
  - Receptaculitidae
Receptaculites cf. neptuni1
Cephalopoda
 Orthocerida - Orthoceratidae
"Orthoceras" sp.1
"Orthoceras" sp.1 Breynius 1832
 Bactritida - Bactritidae
Cyrtobactrites sp.1
Cyrtobactrites sp.1 Erben 1960
 Ammonitida - Mimagoniatitidae
"Mimagoniatites falcistria" = Mimagoniatites fecundus
"Mimagoniatites falcistria" = Mimagoniatites fecundus Barrande 1865 ammonite
 Ammonitida - Mimosphinctidae
Erbenoceras sp.1, Anetoceras arduennense, "Teicherticeras primigenitum" = Mimosphinctes primigenitus
Erbenoceras sp.1 Bogoslovsky 1962 ammonite
Anetoceras arduennense Steininger 1853 ammonite
"Teicherticeras primigenitum" = Mimosphinctes primigenitus Erben 1965 ammonite
 Ammonitida - Mimoceratidae
Gyroceratites sp.1
Gyroceratites sp.1 Meyer 1831 ammonite
Gastropoda
 Murchisoniina - Eotomariidae
"Bembexia" sp.1
"Bembexia" sp.1 Oehlert and Oehlert 1888 snail
 Murchisoniina - Palaeozygopleuridae
"Loxonema obliquearcuatum" = Palaeozygopleura obliquearcuatum
"Loxonema obliquearcuatum" = Palaeozygopleura obliquearcuatum Sandberger and Sandberger 1855 snail
 Euomphalina - Anomphalidae
"Pycnomphalus" sp.1
"Pycnomphalus" sp.1 Lindström 1884 snail
 Bellerophontida - Bellerophontidae
"Bellerophon" sp.1
"Bellerophon" sp.1 de Montfort 1808 snail
Bivalvia
 Cardiida -
Cypricardella sp.
Cypricardella sp. Hall 1856 clam
 Cyrtodontida - Praecardiidae
Buchiola sp.1
Buchiola sp.1 Barrande 1881 clam
 Solemyida - Ctenodontidae
Ctenodonta cf. subcontracta
Tentaculita
 Nowakiida - Nowakiidae
"Novakia sp." = Nowakia1
"Novakia sp." = Nowakia1 Gurich 1896
Polychaeta
  -
Maucheria gemuendensis1, Sphenothallus sp.1
Sphenothallus sp.1 Hall 1847
Stenolaemata
 Tubuliporata - Hederellidae
Hederella sp.1
Hederella sp.1 Hall 1883
Hyolitha
  -
Hyolitha indet.1
Hyolitha indet.1 Marek 1963
Artiopoda
 Proetida - Proetidae
"Cornuproetus hunsrueckianus" = Sculptoproetus hunsrueckianus
"Cornuproetus hunsrueckianus" = Sculptoproetus hunsrueckianus Richter 1936 trilobite
 Phacopida - Acastidae
Asteropyge sp.1
Asteropyge sp.1 Hawle and Corda 1847 trilobite
 Phacopida - Phacopidae
Chotecops sp.1
Chotecops sp.1 Chlupac 1971 trilobite
 Phacopida - Dalmanitidae
Odontochile rhenanus
 Cheloniellida -
Cheloniellon calmani1
Cheloniellon calmani1 Broili 1932
Malacostraca
 Archaeostraca -
Nahecaris balssi, Nahecaris stuertzi1
Nahecaris stuertzi1 Jaekel 1921
Ostracoda
 Palaeocopida - Beyrichiidae
Cornikloedenia sp.1, Zygobeyrichia sp.1
Cornikloedenia sp.1 Henningsmoen 1954 ostracod
misspelled as "Cornikloedenina"
Zygobeyrichia sp.1 Ulrich 1916 ostracod
 Palaeocopida - Aparchitidae
? Aparchites sp.1
 Palaeocopida - Primitiidae
Primitia sp.1
Primitia sp.1 Jones and Holl 1923 ostracod
 Palaeocopida -
Carinokloedenia sp.1
Carinokloedenia sp.1 ostracod
misspelled as "Carinakloedenia"
 Eurypterida - Rhenopteridae
Rhenopterus diensti1
Rhenopterus diensti1 Stoermer 1936 eurypterid
 Euchelicerata - Weinberginidae
Weinbergina opitzi
Weinbergina opitzi Richter and Richter 1929
Arachnida
 Scorpiones - Palaeoscorpionidae
Palaeoscorpius devonicus
Palaeoscorpius devonicus Lehmann 1944 scorpion
Pycnogonida
  - Palaeoisopodidae
Palaeoisopus problematicus
Palaeoisopus problematicus Broili 1928 sea spider
 Palaeopantopoda - Palaeopantopodidae
Palaeopantopus maucheri
Palaeopantopus maucheri Broili 1929 sea spider
Osteichthyes
 Dipnorhynchiformes - Dipnorhynchidae
Dipnorhynchus lehmanni
Dipnorhynchus lehmanni Westoll 1949 lungfish
Placodermi
 Petalichthyida - Macropetalichthyidae
Lunaspis heroldi, Lunaspis broilii
Lunaspis heroldi Broili 1929 armour-plated fish
Lunaspis broilii Gross 1937 armour-plated fish
 Rhenanida - Asterosteidae
Gemuendina stuertzi1
Gemuendina stuertzi1 Traquair 1903 armour-plated fish
 Arthrodira -
? Brachythoraci indet.
? Brachythoraci indet. Gross 1932 armour-plated fish
 Arthrodira - Homostiidae
Tityosteus rieversi
Tityosteus rieversi Gross 1960 armour-plated fish
 Arthrodira - Actinolepidae
Stuertzaspis germanica
Stuertzaspis germanica Traquair 1903 armour-plated fish
 Stensioellida - Stensioellidae
Stensioella heintzi n. gen. n. sp.1
Stensioella heintzi n. gen. n. sp.1 Broili 1933 armour-plated fish
 Pseudopetalichthyida - Paraplesiobatidae
Paraplesiobatis heinrichsi
Paraplesiobatis heinrichsi Broili 1933 armour-plated fish
Holothuroidea
 Arthrochirotida - Palaeocucumariidae
Palaeocucumaria hunsrueckiana1
Palaeocucumaria hunsrueckiana1 Lehmann 1958 sea cucumber
Echinoidea
 Echinocystitoida - Echinocystitidae
Rhenechinus hopstaetteri
Asteroidea
 Hadrosida - Palaeasteridae
Baliactis devonicus, Baliactis scutatus, Baliactis tuberatus, Leioactis hunsrueckianus, Kyraster inermis, Archasterina cornuta
Baliactis devonicus Spencer 1927 sea star
Baliactis scutatus Lehmann 1957 sea star
Baliactis tuberatus Lehmann 1957 sea star
Leioactis hunsrueckianus Lehmann 1957 sea star
Kyraster inermis Lehmann 1957 sea star
Archasterina cornuta Lehmann 1957 sea star
 Hadrosida - Urasterellidae
"Urasterella asperula" = Roemeraster asperula1, Urasterella verruculosa, Protasteracanthion primus
"Urasterella asperula" = Roemeraster asperula1 Roemer 1864 sea star
Urasterella verruculosa Lehmann 1957 sea star
Protasteracanthion primus Stürtz 1886 sea star
 Hadrosida - Xenasteridae
Palaeostella solida
Palaeostella solida Stürtz 1890 sea star
 Ambuloasteroidea - Compsasteridae
Schlueteraster schlueteri, Compsaster petaliformis
Schlueteraster schlueteri Stürtz 1886 sea star
 Euaxosida - Palasterinidae
Palaeosolaster gregoryi, Palasterina taenibrachiata, Palasterina maucheri, Palasterina follmanni, Palasterina tilmanni, Palasterina marginata
Palaeosolaster gregoryi Stürtz 1899 sea star
Palasterina taenibrachiata Lehmann 1957 sea star
Palasterina maucheri Lehmann 1957 sea star
Palasterina follmanni Stürtz 1890 sea star
Palasterina tilmanni Lehmann 1957 sea star
Palasterina marginata Lehmann 1957 sea star
  -
Hunsrueckaster peregrinus
Hunsrueckaster peregrinus Lehmann 1957 sea star
Stenuroidea
  -
Palasteriscus devonicus
 Proturina - Pradesuridae
"Erinaceaster tenuispinosus" = Stuertzaster tenuispinosus
"Erinaceaster tenuispinosus" = Stuertzaster tenuispinosus Lehmann 1957
 Parophiurina - Palaeuridae
Medusaster rhenanus
Medusaster rhenanus Stürtz 1890
  -
Hystrigaster horridus, "Erinaceaster spinosissimus" = Stuertzaster spinosissimus, "Erinaceaster giganteus" = Stuertzaster giganteus, Echinasterella sladeni
Hystrigaster horridus Lehmann 1957
"Erinaceaster spinosissimus" = Stuertzaster spinosissimus Roemer 1864
"Erinaceaster giganteus" = Stuertzaster giganteus Lehmann 1957
Echinasterella sladeni Stürtz 1890
Ophiuroidea
  - Euzonosomatidae
Hymenosoma opitzi
Hymenosoma opitzi Lehmann 1957 brittle star
 Oegophiurida - Protasteridae
Furcaster zitteli, Furcaster palaeozoicus, Furcaster decheni, Taeniaster beneckei, Palaeophiomyxa grandis, Palaeophiura simplex, Mastigophiura grandis
Furcaster zitteli Stürtz 1886 brittle star
Furcaster palaeozoicus Stürtz 1886 brittle star
Furcaster decheni Stürtz 1886 brittle star
Taeniaster beneckei brittle star
Palaeophiomyxa grandis Stürtz 1886 brittle star
Palaeophiura simplex Stürtz 1890 brittle star
Mastigophiura grandis Lehmann 1957 brittle star
 Oegophiurida - Lapworthuridae
Miospondylus rhenanus, Lapworthura lehmanni2
Miospondylus rhenanus Stürtz 1893 brittle star
Lapworthura lehmanni2 Glass and Poschmann 2006 brittle star
 Phrynophiurida - Eospondylidae
Kentrospondylus decadactylus
Kentrospondylus decadactylus Lehmann 1957 brittle star
 Ophiurida - Ophiurinidae
Ophiurina lymani
Ophiurina lymani Stürtz 1890 brittle star
  - Encrinasteridae
Encrinaster roemeri, Euzonosoma tischbeiniana, Cheiropteraster giganteus, Loriolaster mirabilis, Loriolaster gracilis
Encrinaster roemeri Schöndorf 1910 brittle star
Cheiropteraster giganteus Stürtz 1890 brittle star
Loriolaster mirabilis Stürtz 1886 brittle star
Loriolaster gracilis Lehmann 1957 brittle star
 Rhombifera - Pleurocystitidae
Regulaecystis pleurocystoides
Crinoidea
 Inadunata -
Dicirrocrinus comptus
 Poteriocrinina - Rhenocrinidae
Rhenocrinus ramosissimus, Rhenocrinus lobatus
 Dendrocrinida - Mastigocrinidae
Antihomocrinus armatus, Dictenocrinus ericus, Lasiocrinus subramulosus, Follicrinus grebei
 Dendrocrinida - Rutkowskicrinidae
Iteacrinus dactylus
 Dendrocrinida - Dendrocrinidae
Parisangulocrinus cucumis, Parisangulocrinus furcaxialis, Parisangulocrinus minax, Parisangulocrinus schmidti, Parisangulocrinus zeaeformis, "Bactrocrinus jaekeli" = Bactrocrinites jaekeli
"Bactrocrinus jaekeli" = Bactrocrinites jaekeli Schmidt 1934 Sea lily
 Cyathocrinida - Codiacrinidae
Codiacrinus schultzei
 Cyathocrinida - Cyathocrinitidae
Gissocrinus vertebrachialis
 Cladida - Botryocrinidae
Imitatocrinus gracilior, "Dictenocrinus spaciosus" = Bathericrinus spaciosus, "Dictenocrinus hystrix" = Bathericrinus hystrix, "Dictenocrinus semipinnulatus" = Bathericrinus semipinnulatus, Gastrocrinus eupelmatus, Gastrocrinus giganteus, Rhadinocrinus nanus
"Dictenocrinus spaciosus" = Bathericrinus spaciosus Schmidt 1934 Sea lily
"Dictenocrinus hystrix" = Bathericrinus hystrix Schmidt 1934 Sea lily
"Dictenocrinus semipinnulatus" = Bathericrinus semipinnulatus Schmidt 1934 Sea lily
 Taxocrinida - Taxocrinidae
Eutaxocrinus prognatus, Eutaxocrinus sincerus
 Pisocrinida - Pisocrinidae
Triacrinus elongatus, Triacrinus koenigswaldi, Triacrinus kutscheri
 Calceocrinida - Calceocrinidae
Senariocrinus maucheri
 Diplobathrida - Rhodocrinitidae
Diamenocrinus opitzi, Diamenocrinus stellatus, Acanthocrinus heroldi, Acanthocrinus lingenbachensis, Acanthocrinus rex
 Diplobathrida - Dimerocrinitidae
Macarocrinus semelfurcatus, Macarocrinus springeri, Macarocrinus terfurcatus, Pterinocrinus diensti, Pterinocrinus ehrlicheri
 Monobathrida - Melocrinitidae
Ctenocrinus malcontractus
 Monobathrida - Hapalocrinidae
Hapalocrinus elegans, Hapalocrinus innoxius, Hapalocrinus penniger, Thallocrinus acifer, Thallocrinus hauchecornei, Thallocrinus procerus, Thallocrinus rugosus
Blastoidea
  -
"Pentremitidea medusa n. sp." = Lotusoblastus medusa1
"Pentremitidea medusa n. sp." = Lotusoblastus medusa1 Jaekel 1895 blastoid
 Fissiculata - Nymphaeoblastidae
"Schizotremites osoleae" = Pentremitella osoleae1
"Schizotremites osoleae" = Pentremitella osoleae1 Lehmann 1949 blastoid
Edrioasteroidea
  - Pyrgocystidae
Pyrgocystis coronaeformis, Pyrgocystis octogona
Pyrgocystis octogona
Rhenopyrgus?
Stylophora
 Mitrata - Anomalocystitidae
Rhenocystis latipedunculata
 Mitrata -
Mitrocystites ? styloideus
Hexactinellida
 Reticulosa - Dictyospongiidae
Dictyospongiidae indet.3, Retifungus rudens3
Dictyospongiidae indet.3 Hall and Clarke 1899 glass sponge
Retifungus rudens3 glass sponge
 Reticulosa - Protospongiidae
Protospongia rhenana
 Rossellimorpha -
Rossellimorpha indet.3
Rossellimorpha indet.3 Mehl et al. 1997 glass sponge
Asteriscosella nassovica
  -
Asteriscosella nassovica3
Paleoctenophora brasseli
  -
Paleoctenophora brasseli1
Paleoctenophora brasseli1 Stanley and Sturmer 1983
Scyphozoa
 Conulariida - Conulariidae
Conularia bundenbachia, Conularia tulipina, Conularia "a"
Conularia "a" Miller 1820 jellyfish
Hydrozoa
 Siphonophorida - Velellidae
"Palaeonectris discoidea" = Plectodiscus discoideus
"Palaeonectris discoidea" = Plectodiscus discoideus Rauff 1939
Anthozoa
 Auloporida - Auloporidae
Aulopora sp.1
Aulopora sp.1 Goldfuss 1829 tabulate coral
 Stauriida - Zaphrentidae
""Zaphrentis" sp." = Zaphrenthis1
""Zaphrentis" sp." = Zaphrenthis1 Rafinesque and Clifford 1820 horn coral
 Ichnofossils -
Heliochone hunsrueckiana1
Heliochone hunsrueckiana1 Seilacher and Hemleben 1966
 Ichnofossils - Biformitidae
Arcichnus saltatus1
Arcichnus saltatus1 Sutcliffe 1997
Marrellomorpha
 Marrellida - Mimetasteridae
Mimetaster hexagonalis1
Mimetaster hexagonalis1 Gürich 1931
1Bartels et al. 1998; 2Glass and Poschmann 2006; 3Mehl et al. 1997; 4Mitchell et al. 1986