Felixstowe, Suffolk [Red Crag] (Pliocene of the United Kingdom)

Where: England, United Kingdom (52.0° N, 1.3° E)

• Paleocoordinates: 51.5° N, 1.9° E (Wright 2013)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Red Crag Formation, Late/Upper Pliocene (3.6 - 2.6 Ma)

• STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS: From the Red Crag, which is regionally overlies the Coralline Crag. AGE: Late Pliocene, according to Rayner, 1981 on the basis of foraminiferal and palynological biostratigraphy. STRATIGRAPHIC POSITION: From unknown position within formation.

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: coastal; unlithified siliciclastic sediments

• ENVIRONMENT: Shallow marine siliciclastic.
• SPECIFIC LITHOLOGY: Not stated in text, but siliciclastic based on observation of specimens. LITHIFICATION: Unlithified, based on observation and figured specimens.

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original aragonite, original calcite

Collection methods: COLLECTOR: Not stated, but probably Stearns Wood, c. 1840's-1870's. REPOSITORY: Not stated in text.

Primary reference: S. V. Wood. 1848. A monograph of the Crag Mollusca or, descriptions of shells from the middle and upper Tertiaries of the East of England. Part 1. Univalves 1-208 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/A. Hendy]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 84819: authorized by Austin Hendy, entered by Austin Hendy on 13.11.2008, edited by Bethany Allen

Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)

Taxonomic list

• COVERAGE: Exhaustive for mollusca. Other volumes when entered will include bryozoa, brachiopoda, and anthozoa. NOMENCLATURE: Authoritative publication, but with antiquated nomenclature, which is revised where possible through more recent sources.
Gastropoda
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
unclassified
  -
Scaphopoda
 Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium dentalis2 tusk shell
Dentalium entalis2 tusk shell
Bivalvia
 Nuculida - Nuculidae
"Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus2, "Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata2, "Nucula cobboldae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae2, "Nucula cobboldiae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae1
"Nucula nucleus" = Nucula (Nucula) nucleus2 Linnaeus 1758 nut clam
"Nucula laevigata" = Leionucula laevigata2 Sowerby 1818 nut clam
"Nucula cobboldae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae2 Linnaeus 1767 divaricate nutclam
"Nucula cobboldiae" = Acila (Truncacila) cobboldae1 Linnaeus 1767 divaricate nutclam
 Nuculanida - Nuculanidae
"Leda oblongoides" = Nuculana2
"Leda oblongoides" = Nuculana2 pointed nut clam
 Arcida - Glycymerididae
"Pectunculus glycimeris" = Glycymeris2, "Pectunculus subobliquus" = Glycymeris2, "Pectunculus pilosus" = Glycymeris pilosa2
"Pectunculus glycimeris" = Glycymeris2 bittersweet clam
"Pectunculus subobliquus" = Glycymeris2 bittersweet clam
reworked
"Pectunculus pilosus" = Glycymeris pilosa2 Linnaeus 1767 bittersweet clam
reworked
 Arcida - Arcidae
Arca lactea2 Linnaeus 1767 ark
 Ostreida - Ostreidae
Ostrea sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 oyster
 Pectinida - Pectinoidae
"Pecten maximus" = Pecten maxima2, "Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2, "Pecten opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis2
"Pecten maximus" = Pecten maxima2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
reworked
"Pecten pusio" = Talochlamys pusio2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
"Pecten opercularis" = Aequipecten opercularis2 Linnaeus 1758 scallop
 Pectinida - Limidae
Lima exilis2 Wood 1839 file clam
reworked
 Pectinida - Anomiidae
Anomia sp.2 Linnaeus 1758 jingle
 Mytilida - Mytilidae
Mytilus edulis2 Linnaeus 1758 bay mussel
reworked
 Pholadida - Pholadidae
"Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2, "Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2
"Pholas crispata" = Zirfaea crispata2 Linnaeus 1758 piddock
reworked
"Pholas cylindrica" = Barnea (Barnea) cylindrica2 Sowerby 1818 piddock
reworked
 Pholadida - Myidae
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria2
"Mya arenaria" = Mya (Arenomya) arenaria2 Linnaeus 1758 soft-shelled clam
reworked
 Pholadida - Corbulidae
"Corbula striata" = Caryocorbula striata2, "Corbulomya complanata" = Lentidium (Lentidium) complanatum2
"Corbula striata" = Caryocorbula striata2 Lamarck 1801 clam
"Corbulomya complanata" = Lentidium (Lentidium) complanatum2 Sowerby 1822 clam
reworked
 Cardiida - Gastrochaenidae
"Gastrochaena dubia" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) dubia2
"Gastrochaena dubia" = Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) dubia2 Pennant 1777 clam
reworked
 Cardiida - Cardiidae
"Cardium decorticatum" = Laevicardium (Laevicardium) decorticatum2 Wood 1840 cockle
reworked
Cardium angustatum2 Sowerby 1821 cockle
Cardium venustum2 Wood 1840 cockle
"Cardium parkinsoni" = Laevicardium (Dinocardium) parkinsoni2 Sowerby 1814 cockle
"Cardium echinatum" = Acanthocardia (Acanthocardia) echinata2 Linnaeus 1767 cockle
"Cardium edule" = Cerastoderma edule2 Linnaeus 1758 cockle
 Cardiida - Psammobiidae
"Psammobia sp." = Gari (Psammobia)2
"Psammobia sp." = Gari (Psammobia)2 clam
reworked
 Cardiida - Tellinidae
Gastrana laminosa2 Sowerby 1827 tellin clam
reworked
"Tellina obliqua" = Macoma (Macoma) obliqua2 Sowerby 1817 oval macoma
 Cardiida - Donacidae
Donax politus2 Poli 1791 wedge clams
reworked
 Cardiida - Veneridae
"Venus fasciata" = Clausinella fasciata2 da Costa 1778 venus clam
Artemis lentiformis2 Sowerby 1818 venus clam
reworked
Tapes pullastra2 venus clam
reworked
Tapes virgineus2 venus clam
reworked
"Cytherea rudis" = Pitar (Pitar) rudis2 Poli 1795 venus clam
"Cytherea chione" = Callista (Callista) chione2 Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
reworked
 Cardiida - Arcticidae
"Cyprina islandica" = Arctica islandica2
"Cyprina islandica" = Arctica islandica2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
reworked
 Cardiida - Mactridae
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata2, Mactra ovalis2, Mactra procrassa n. sp.1
"Mactra arcuata" = Spisula arcuata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
Mactra ovalis2 Sowerby 1817 duck clam
Mactra procrassa n. sp.1 Wood 1850 duck clam
 Cardiida - Ungulinidae
Diplodonta astartea2 Nyst 1835 clam
 Hiatellida - Hiatellidae
Panopea faujasii2, "Saxicava arctica" = Hiatella arctica2
Panopea faujasii2 clam
reworked
"Saxicava arctica" = Hiatella arctica2 Linnaeus 1767 wrinkled rock-borer
 Solenida - Solenidae
Solen ensis2 Linnaeus 1767 razor clams
reworked
Solen siliqua2 Linnaeus 1767 razor clams
reworked
 Lucinida - Lucinidae
"Lucina borealis" = Lucinoma (Lucinoma) borealis2
"Lucina borealis" = Lucinoma (Lucinoma) borealis2 Linnaeus 1767 clam
 Carditida - Astartidae
Astarte burtini2, "Astarte omalii" = Isocrassina omalii2, "Astarte basterotii" = Isocrassina basteroti1, "Astarte obliquata" = Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata2, Astarte incrassata2, Astarte compressa2, Astarte crebrilirata2, "Woodia digitaria" = Digitaria digitaria2
Astarte burtini2 clam
reworked
"Astarte omalii" = Isocrassina omalii2 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
reworked
"Astarte basterotii" = Isocrassina basteroti1 De la Jonkaire 1823 clam
"Astarte obliquata" = Astarte (Digitariopsis) obliquata2 Sowerby 1817 clam
Astarte incrassata2 Brocchi 1814 clam
reworked
Astarte compressa2 Montague 1808 clam
Astarte crebrilirata2 Wood 1850 clam
"Woodia digitaria" = Digitaria digitaria2 Linnaeus 1758 clam
 Carditida - Carditidae
Cardita scalaris2 Sowerby 1825 clam
Cardita senilis2 Lamarck 1805 clam
reworked
Cardita corbis2 Philippi 1836 clam
Cardita chamaeformis2 Sowerby 1825 clam
reworked
Gastropoda
 Lepetellida - Fissurellidae
"Fissurella graeca" = Diodora graeca2, Emarginula fissura2
"Fissurella graeca" = Diodora graeca2 Linnaeus 1758 keyhole limpet
Emarginula fissura2 Linnaeus 1758 keyhole limpet
 Trochoidea - Trochidae
"Trochus cinerarius" = Gibbula cineraria2, Trochus montacuti2, Trochus tumidus2, "Trochus zizyphinus" = Calliostoma zizyphinum2
"Trochus cinerarius" = Gibbula cineraria2 Linnaeus 1758 top snail
reworked
Trochus montacuti2 top snail
Trochus tumidus2 top snail
"Trochus zizyphinus" = Calliostoma zizyphinum2 Linnaeus 1758 top snail
reworked
 Patellida - Acmaeidae
 Heterostropha - Ringiculidae
Ringicula buccinea2 Sowerby 1823 snail
 Heterostropha - Ellobiidae
"Melampus pyramidalis" = Ellobium pyramidale2
"Melampus pyramidalis" = Ellobium pyramidale2 Sowerby 1822 snail
 Heterostropha - Pyramidellidae
"Chemnitzia internodula" = Turbonilla (Pyrgolidium) internodula2
"Chemnitzia internodula" = Turbonilla (Pyrgolidium) internodula2 Wood 1848 snail
 Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae
Cerithium granosum2 Wood 1842 cerith snail
Cerithium variculosum2 Nyst 1844 cerith snail
reworked
 Cerithioidea - Potamididae
"Cerithium tricinctum" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus2
"Cerithium tricinctum" = Potamides (Ptychopotamides) tricinctus2 Brocchi 1814 horn snail
 Cerithioidea - Turritellidae
"Turritella incrassata" = Turritella (Haustator) incrassata2
"Turritella incrassata" = Turritella (Haustator) incrassata2 Sowerby 1814 turret shell
reworked
 Epitonioidea - Epitoniidae
"Scalaria funiculus" = Cirsotrema funiculus2, "Scalaria foliacea" = Epitonium foliaceum2
"Scalaria funiculus" = Cirsotrema funiculus2 Wood 1872 wentletrap
reworked
"Scalaria foliacea" = Epitonium foliaceum2 Sowerby 1825 wentletrap
reworked
 Vanikoroidea - Eulimidae
"Eulima intermedia" = Polygyreulima intermedia2
"Eulima intermedia" = Polygyreulima intermedia2 Cantraine 1835 snail
reworked
 Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Calyptraea chinensis2 Linnaeus 1758 Chinese hat snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Rissoidae
"Rissoa curticostata" = Rissoa (Turboella) curticostata2
"Rissoa curticostata" = Rissoa (Turboella) curticostata2 Wood 1848 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Cassidae
"Cassidaria bicatenata" = Galeodea bicatenata
"Cassidaria bicatenata" = Galeodea bicatenata Sowerby 1815 snail
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Muricidae
"Trophon scalariformis" = Boreotrophon clathratus2, "Trophon gracilis" = Trophon (Boreotrophon) gracilis2, Murex tortuosus2, Trophon costifer2, Trophon olavii2, Trophon elegans, Trophon muricatus2, "Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona2, "Purpura incrassata" = Nucella incrassata2, "Purpura lapillus" = Nucella lapillus2
"Trophon scalariformis" = Boreotrophon clathratus2 Linnaeus 1767 murex snail
"Trophon gracilis" = Trophon (Boreotrophon) gracilis2 Perry 1811 murex snail
Murex tortuosus2 murex snail
reworked
Trophon costifer2 murex snail
reworked
Trophon olavii2 murex snail
Trophon elegans Charlesworth 1837 murex snail
Trophon muricatus2 Montagu 1803 murex snail
"Purpura tetragona" = Spinucella tetragona2 Sowerby 1825 murex snail
reworked
"Purpura incrassata" = Nucella incrassata2 Sowerby 1825 murex snail
"Purpura lapillus" = Nucella lapillus2 Linnaeus 1758 murex snail
 Neogastropoda - Volutidae
"Voluta lamberti" = Scaphella (Scaphella) lamberti2
"Voluta lamberti" = Scaphella (Scaphella) lamberti2 Sowerby 1823 volute
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
"Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei2, "Trophon alveolatus" = Scalaspira (Scalaspira) alveolatus2, Buccinum undatum2, "Trophon altus" = Colus altus2
"Buccinum dalei" = Liomesus dalei2 Sowerby 1825 true whelk
"Trophon alveolatus" = Scalaspira (Scalaspira) alveolatus2 Sowerby 1829 true whelk
reworked
Buccinum undatum2 Linnaeus 1758 true whelk
"Trophon altus" = Colus altus2 Wood 1874 true whelk
 Neogastropoda - Nassariidae
"Nassa pygmaea" = Nassarius pygmaeus2, "Nassa reticosa" = Nassarius (Uzita) reticosus2, "Nassa incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus2, "Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus2, "Nassa granulata" = Nassarius granulatus2, "Nassa consociata" = Nassarius (Tritonella) consociatus2, "Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa2
"Nassa pygmaea" = Nassarius pygmaeus2 Lamarck 1822 snail
"Nassa reticosa" = Nassarius (Uzita) reticosus2 Sowerby 1815 snail
reworked
"Nassa incrassata" = Nassarius incrassatus2 Müller 1773 snail
"Nassa propinqua" = Nassarius (Hinia) propinquus2 Sowerby 1824 snail
reworked
"Nassa granulata" = Nassarius granulatus2 Sowerby 1815 snail
"Nassa consociata" = Nassarius (Tritonella) consociatus2 Wood 1848 snail
reworked
"Nassa labiosa" = Amyclina labiosa2 Sowerby 1824 snail
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Columbellidae
Columbella sulcata2 Sowerby 1823 dove shell
reworked
 Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Cancellaria scalaroides2 snail
reworked
Cancellaria (Admete) viridula2 Fabricius 1780 admete
 Neogastropoda - Raphitomidae
Raphitoma submarginata2 Bellardi 1847 snail
 Neogastropoda - Drilliidae
"Pleurotoma scalaris" = Spirotropis badensis2
"Pleurotoma scalaris" = Spirotropis badensis2 Janssen 1993 snail
 Neogastropoda - Turridae
"Pleurotoma interrupta" = Turris2, "Pleurotoma costata" = Turris2, Pleurotoma turris2, Pleurotoma turricula2
"Pleurotoma interrupta" = Turris2 turrid
reworked
"Pleurotoma costata" = Turris2 turrid
Pleurotoma turris2 Lamarck 1822 turrid
Pleurotoma turricula2 Montagu 1803 turrid
 Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae
"Pleurotoma trevelyana" = Curtitoma reticulata2, "Pleurotoma nebula" = Mangelia nebula2
"Pleurotoma trevelyana" = Curtitoma reticulata2 Brown 1827 snail
"Pleurotoma nebula" = Mangelia nebula2 Montagu 1803 snail
 Neogastropoda - Terebridae
Terebra inversa2 Nyst 1843 auger snail
reworked
Terebra canalis2 Wood 1848 auger snail
reworked
 Sorbeoconcha - Aporrhaidae
"Aporrhais pespelicani" = Aporrhais pespelecani2
"Aporrhais pespelicani" = Aporrhais pespelecani2 Linnaeus 1758 snail
reworked
 Sorbeoconcha - Rostellariidae
"Rostellaria lucida" = Tibia (Eotibia) lucida2
"Rostellaria lucida" = Tibia (Eotibia) lucida2 Sowerby 1815 snail
reworked
 Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae
Rostellaria gracilenta2 Wood 1882 true conch
 Sorbeoconcha - Triviidae
"Cypraea europaea" = Trivia (Trivia) europaea2, "Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana2
"Cypraea europaea" = Trivia (Trivia) europaea2 Montfort 1808 snail
originally entered Cypraea europea
"Cypraea avellana" = Niveria avellana2 Sowerby 1823 snail
reworked
 Sorbeoconcha - Capulidae
Capulus ungaricus2 Linnaeus 1758 snail
 Sorbeoconcha - Littorinidae
Eulimene pendula2, "Lacuna (Medoria) terebellata" = Eula terebellata2, Littorina littorea2
Eulimene pendula2 periwinkle
"Lacuna (Medoria) terebellata" = Eula terebellata2 Nyst 1835 periwinkle
reworked
Littorina littorea2 periwinkle
 Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae
"Natica hemiclausa" = Euspira helicina hemiclausa2, "Natica catena" = Euspira catena2, "Natica catenoides" = Euspira catenoides2, Natica multipunctata2, "Natica clausa" = Cryptonatica affinis2
"Natica hemiclausa" = Euspira helicina hemiclausa2 Sowerby 1824 moon snail
"Natica catena" = Euspira catena2 da Costa 1778 moon snail
"Natica catenoides" = Euspira catenoides2 Wood 1842 moon snail
"Natica clausa" = Cryptonatica affinis2 Gmelin 1791 Arctic moonsnail
 Sorbeoconcha - Vermetidae
"Vermetus intortus" = Petaloconchus intortus2
"Vermetus intortus" = Petaloconchus intortus2 Lamarck 1818 worm shell
reworked
 Opisthobranchiata - Cylichnidae
"Bulla cylindracea" = Cylichna (Cylichna) cylindracea2
"Bulla cylindracea" = Cylichna (Cylichna) cylindracea2 Pennant 1777 snail