Smokejacks Brickworks: Early Barremian, United Kingdom
collected by Rivett 1945, 1983-2003, 2007-2009

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes
Charig and Milner 1997
Reptilia - Testudines
Testudines indet. Batsch 1788
Nye et al. 2008 1 specimen
plate
Reptilia - Goniopholididae
Benton and Spencer 1995 1 specimen
Austen 2005 1 specimen
Reptilia - Crocodylia
Crocodylia indet. (Owen 1842)
Austen 2010
Reptilia - Pterosauria
Pterosauria indet. (Kaup 1834)
Austen 2010
Reptilia
1 individual
1 specimen
vertebra
Benton and Spencer 1995 2 specimens
Reptilia - Spinosauridae
Charig and Milner 1986 1 individual
(4 measurements)
Reptilia
Benton and Spencer 1995
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Austen 2010
spine
Insecta - Odonata
Jarzembowski et al. 1998 1 specimen
MNEMG 1996.229
Insecta - Odonata - Araripelibellulidae
Jarzembowski and Nel 1996 2 specimens
BMB 018810, MNEMG 1995.201
Insecta - Odonata - Mesochlorogomphidae
Fleck et al. 2008 1 specimen
MNEMG 2008.27 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Odonata - Cymatophlebiidae
Zheng et al. 2018 1 specimen
NHMUK PI II.3105
Insecta - Odonata - Aktassiidae
Nel et al. 1998 3 specimens
MNEMG 1996.224ab, MNEMG 1996.225a, MNEMG 1996.225b (2 measurements)
Insecta - Odonata - Aeschnidiidae
Fleck and Nel 2003 1 specimen
MNEMG S 1408 (1 measurement)
Fleck and Nel 2003 2 specimens
MNEMG S 1580, MNEMG S 612 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Orthoptera - Elcanidae
Gorochov et al. 2006
Insecta - Orthoptera - Baissogryllidae
Gorochov et al. 2006
(1 measurement)
Insecta - Orthoptera - Locustopsidae
Gorochov et al. 2006
(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Baissidae
Rasnitsyn et al. 1998 1 specimen
BMB 016405/6 (coll. A.J. Ross) (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Angarosphecidae
Rasnitsyn et al. 1998 1 specimen
NHM In.64650/64656
Insecta - Mecoptera - Englathaumatidae
Novokshonov et al. 2016 6 specimens
NHMUK II.1396, 1394, 1395, 1397, 1399, 1400 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Diptera
Mostovski et al. 2003 1 specimen
NHM In 64655 (1 measurement)
Mostovski et al. 2003 1 specimen
BMB 0123835 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Ommatidae
Jarzembowski et al. 2013 1 specimen
BMNH II 3060.2 (coll. EBJ) (1 measurement)
Jarzembowski et al. 2013 2 specimens
BMNH II 3060.1 (coll. EBJ), 3061 (coll. AR) (2 measurements)
Jarzembowski et al. 2013 1 specimen
BMNH II 3054 (coll. EBJ) (1 measurement)
Jarzembowski et al. 2013 1 specimen
BMB 018806 (coll. EBJ) (1 measurement)
Insecta - Coleoptera
Jarzembowski et al. 2015 1 specimen
BMNH II 3063
Ponomarenko 2006
unclassified
Nye et al. 2008 38 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 5 specimens
Nye et al. 2008
Nye et al. 2008
Nye et al. 2008
Nye et al. 2008
Nye et al. 2008 32 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 8 specimens
Austen 2010
Austen 2010
Austen 2010
Insecta - Neuroptera - Kalligrammatidae
Jepson et al. 2009 1 specimen
MNEMG 2009.40
Insecta - Neuroptera - Psychopsidae
Jepson et al. 2009 1 specimen
BMNH Pal.PI II 1555a (1 measurement)
Jepson et al. 2009 1 specimen
MNEMG 2009.39 (1 measurement)
Jepson et al. 2009 1 specimen
MNEMG 2009.37 (1 measurement)
Jepson et al. 2009 1 specimen
MNEMG 2009.36 (1 measurement)
Jepson et al. 2009 1 specimen
BMNH Pal.PI II 1551a,b (1 measurement)
Jepson et al. 2009 1 specimen
BMNH Pal.PI II 1518a,b (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Mimarachnidae
Luo et al. 2021 1 specimen
BMB 014919 (part)/NHM UK In 64637 (counterpart) (1 measurement)
Ostracoda - Podocopida
Nye et al. 2008 5 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 237 specimens
? Mantelliana sp. Anderson 1966
Nye et al. 2008 16 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 10 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 3 specimens
Bivalvia
Nye et al. 2008
Chlorophyceae - Scenedesmaceae
Nye et al. 2008 1 specimen
Nye et al. 2008 191 specimens
unclassified
Nye et al. 2008 5 specimens
Lycopodiopsida - Isoetales - Isoetaceae
Nye et al. 2008
Lycopodiopsida - Isoetales
Minerisporites sp. Potonie 1956
Nye et al. 2008
Lycopodiopsida - Lycopodiales - Lycopodiaceae
Nye et al. 2008 10 specimens
Lycopodiopsida - Lycopodiales
Nye et al. 2008 38 specimens
unclassified
Nye et al. 2008 7 specimens
Lycopsida
Nye et al. 2008 62 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 6 specimens
unclassified
Pilosisporites trichopapillosus Delcourt and Sprumont 1955
Nye et al. 2008 80 specimens
Pteridopsida
Nye et al. 2008 204 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 42 specimens
Cyathidites minor Couper 1953
Nye et al. 2008 76 specimens
unclassified
Impardecispora apiverrucata Venkatachala et al. 1968
Nye et al. 2008 4 specimens
Polypodiopsida - Osmundaceae
Nye et al. 2008 91 specimens
Polypodiopsida
Nye et al. 2008 12 specimens
Polypodiopsida - Gleicheniaceae
Nye et al. 2008 4 specimens
Polypodiopsida - Gleicheniales - Matoniaceae
Weichselia sp. Stiehler 1857
Austen 2010
Nye et al. 2008 9 specimens
Polypodiopsida - Polypodiales - Pteridaceae
Nye et al. 2008 3 specimens
Polypodiopsida - Schizaeales
Nye et al. 2008 12 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 9 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 40 specimens
Polypodiopsida - Schizaeales - Schizaeaceae
Nye et al. 2008 49 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 48 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 194 specimens
Cicatricosisporites spp. Potonie and Gelletich 1933
Nye et al. 2008 623 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 7 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 67 specimens
Cicatricosisporites hallei Delcourt and Sprumont 1955
Nye et al. 2008 112 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 36 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 13 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 19 specimens
Polypodiopsida - Blechnaceae
Nye et al. 2008 1573 specimens
Equisetopsida - Cheirolepidiaceae
Nye et al. 2008 44 specimens
Equisetopsida - Cupressales
Inaperturopollenites dubius Thomson and Pflug 1953
Nye et al. 2008 77 specimens
Gymnospermopsida
Nye et al. 2008 12 specimens
unclassified
Erlansonisporites sp. Potonié 1956
Nye et al. 2008
Cycadopsida - Cycadales
Nye et al. 2008 2 specimens
unclassified
Nye et al. 2008 209 specimens
other bisaccate pollen
Concavissimisporites sp. Delcourt and Sprumont 1955
Nye et al. 2008 18 specimens
Ginkgoopsida - Ephedrales
Ephedripites spp. Bolkhovitina and Potonié 1958
Nye et al. 2008 15 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 2 specimens
unclassified
Nye et al. 2008 47 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 5 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 15 specimens
Coptospora striata Dettman 1963
Nye et al. 2008 11 specimens
Marchantiopsida - Sphaerocarpales
Nye et al. 2008 2 specimens
Marchantiopsida - Marchantiidae
Nye et al. 2008 88 specimens
unclassified
Nye et al. 2008 33 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 15 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 18 specimens
Coniferales - Podocarpaceae
Podocarpidites spp. Cookson 1947
Nye et al. 2008 21 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 48 specimens
Pinopsida - Pinales - Taxaceae
Nye et al. 2008 3 specimens
Angiospermae
Nye et al. 2008 9 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 10 specimens
Nye et al. 2008 1 specimen
Austen 2010
Algae - Zygnemataceae
Nye et al. 2008 3 specimens
Chlorococcaceae
Nye et al. 2008 1 specimen
see common names

Geography
Country:United Kingdom State/province:England County:Surrey
Coordinates: 51.1° North, 0.3° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:37.5° North, 24.7° East (Wright 2013)
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period: Cretaceous Epoch: Early Cretaceous
Stage: Barremian 10 m.y. bin: Cretaceous 2
Key time interval: Early Barremian Small shelly zone:  Cypridea clavata
Age range of interval: 125.77 - 121.4 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Wealden Formation:Weald Clay Member:Upper
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: about 7 m below the base of BGS Bed 5c, Cypridea clavata zone; Hughes's MCT phase 2 (1994)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:bioturbation,fine,concretionary,gray,green lithified sandy claystone
Secondary lithology:very fine,sideritic lithified siltstone
Includes fossils?Y
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "most were encased in nodules of sideritic siltstone...but some lay unprotected in soft clay." "fine silty clay...light olive-grey in colour and containing large irregular nodules of bioturbated sideritic siltstone."
Environment:pond Tectonic setting:passive margin
Geology comments: "quiet, low-energy nature of...environment"; "non-marine origin." "fluvial and/or mudplain environment with areas of shallow water, lagoons and marsh"; "A temporary, shallow body of water on a marshy floodplain."
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,mold/impression,trace
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Spatial orientation:life position
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Articulated whole bodies:many
Disassociated major elements:some
Disassociated minor elements:some
Fragmentation:occasional
Bioerosion:occasional
Encrustation:none
Feeding/predation traces:fractures,gastric dissolution
Temporal resolution:snapshot
Spatial resolution:autochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:selective quarrying,surface (float),surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection
Rock censused:1000 cm2 (area)
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:BMNH
Collectors:Rivett Collection dates:1945, 1983-2003, 2007-2009
Metadata
Also known as:Baryonyx type, Ockley, Smokejack's
Database number:45193
Authorizer:M. Carrano, M. Clapham Enterer:M. Carrano, J. Karr, M. Clapham, K. Maguire
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:paleoentomology,vertebrate
Created:2004-10-13 14:25:23 Last modified:2025-02-22 15:12:02
Access level:the public Released:2004-10-13 14:25:23
Creative Commons license:CC0
Reference information

Primary reference:
55264. W. H. E. Rivett. 1956. On some reptilian bones from the Weald Clay of Surrey. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 67(1540):110-111 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

63729 Anonymous. 1983. The beast that roamed Surrey 124 million years ago. New Scientist 99(1368):268 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
63731 Anonymous. 1983. Claw leads to discovery of ‘new’ dinosaur. Science News 124(5):70 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
17082ETE P. Austen. 2005. Smokejacks fieldwork 2001-2004. Wealden News 6:6-8 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
32812 P. Austen. 2010. Smokejacks fieldwork 2007-2009. Wealden News (8)28-31 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
78161 D. J. Batten and P. A. Austen. 2011. The Wealden of south-east England. In D. J. Batten (ed.), English Wealden Fossils. The Palaeontological Association Field Guide to Fossils 14:15-51 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
15587ETE M. J. Benton and P. S. Spencer. 1995. Fossil Reptiles of Great Britain. Chapman & Hall, London 1-386 [M. Carrano/K. Maguire/J. Tennant]
11817ETE A. J. Charig and A. C. Milner. 1986. Baryonyx, a remarkable new theropod dinosaur. Nature 324(6095):359-361 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
11816ETE A. J. Charig and A. C. Milner. 1990. The systematic position of Baryonyx walkeri, in the light of Gauthier's reclassification of the Theropoda. In K. Carpenter and P. J. Currie (eds.), Dinosaur Systematics: Perspectives and Approaches 127-140 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
11766ETE A. J. Charig and A. C. Milner. 1997. Baryonyx walkeri, a fish-eating dinosaur from the Wealden of Surrey. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Geology Series 53(1):11-70 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
35493 G. Fleck and A. Nel. 2003. Revision of the Mesozoic family Aeschnidiidae (Odonata: Anisoptera). Zoologica 153:1-170 [M. Clapham/J. Karr]
38360 G. Fleck, A. Nel, G. Bechly, X. Martínez-Delclòs, E. A. Jarzembowski and R. A. Coram. 2008. New lower cretaceous 'libelluloid' dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Cavilabiata) with notes about estimated divergences dates for this group. Palaeodiversity 1:19-36 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/J. Alroy]
35008 A. V. Gorochov, E. A. Jarzembowski, and R. A. Coram. 2006. Grasshoppers and crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Cretaceous Research 27:641-662 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39642 E. A. Jarzembowski, X. Martínez-Delclòs, G. Bechly, A. Nel, R. Coram and F. Escuillié. 1998. The Mesozoic non-calopterygoid Zygoptera: description of new genera and species from the Lower Cretaceous of England and Brazil and their phylogenetic significance (Odonata, Zygoptera, Coenagrionoidea, Hemiphlebioidea, Lestoidea). Cretaceous Research 19:403-444 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35431 E. A. Jarzembowski and A. Nel. 1996. New fossil dragonflies from the Lower Cretaceous of SE England and the phylogeny of the superfamily Libelluloidea (Insecta: Odonata). Cretaceous Research 17:67-85 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/M. Clapham]
53708 E. A. Jarzembowski, B. Wang, H. C. Zhang and Y. Fang. 2015. Boring beetles are not necessarily dull: New notocupedins (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Mesozoic of Eurasia and East Gondwana. Cretaceous Research 52:431-439 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47319 E. A. Jarzembowski, E. V. Yan, B. Wang and H. C. Zhang. 2013. Brochocolein beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeast China and southern England. Cretaceous Research 44:1-11 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
50293 E. A. Jarzembowski, E. V. Yan, B. Wang and H. Zhang. 2013. Ommatin beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of northeast China and southern England. Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews 6:135-161 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39590 J. E. Jepson, V. N. Makarkin, and E. A. Jarzembowski. 2009. New lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Wealden supergroup of Southern England. Cretaceous Research 30:1325-1338 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
83058 C. H. Luo, X. J. Liu, T. Jiang, Z. S. Song, and E. A. Jarzembowski. 2021. The first mimarachnid planthopper (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Mimarachnidae: Saltissus) from the Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) of southern England. Historical Biology 34:2031-2036 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
38314 M. B. Mostovski, E. A. Jarzembowski, and R. A. Coram. 2003. Horseflies and Athericids (Diptera: Tabanidae, Athericidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of England and Transbaikalia. Paleontological Journal 37(2):162-169 [M. Clapham/J. Karr]
38253 A. Nel, G. Bechly, E. Jarzembowski and X. Martínez-Delclòs. 1998. A revision of the fossil petalurid dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera: Petalurida). Paleontologia Lombarda 10:1-68 [M. Clapham/J. Karr]
58242 V. G. Novokshonov, A. J. Ross, E. Cook, W. Krzemiński, and A. Soszyńska-Maj. 2016. A new family of scorpionflies (Insecta; Mecoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of England. Cretaceous Research 62:44-51 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
29159ETE E. Nye, S. Feist-Burkhardt, D. J. Horne, A. J. Ross, and J. E. Whittaker. 2008. The palaeoenvironment associated with a partial Iguanodon skeleton from the Upper Weald Clay (Barremian, Early Cretaceous) at Smokejacks Brickworks (Ockley, Surrey, UK), based on palynomorphs and ostracods. Cretaceous Research 29(3):417-444 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
40715 A. G. Ponomarenko. 2006. On the Types of Mesozoic Archostematan Beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera, Archostemata) in the Natural History Museum, London. Paleontological Journal 40(1):90-99 [M. Clapham/L. Edwards]
78875 J. D. Radley and P. Allen. 2012. The Wealden (non-marine Lower Cretaceous) of the Weald Sub-basin, southern England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 123(2):245-318 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
39641 A. P. Rasnitsyn, E. A. Jarzembowski, and A. J. Ross. 1998. Wasps (Insecta: Vespida = Hymenoptera) from the Purbeck and Wealden (Lower Cretaceous) of southern England and their biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental significance. Cretaceous Research 19:329-391 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
66095 D. R. Zheng, E. A. Jarzembowski, S. C. Chang, B. Wang, and H. C. Zhang. 2018. New cymatophlebiid dragonflies from the Lower Cretaceous of China and England (Odonata: Anisoptera: Cymatophlebiinae, Valdaeshninae). Cretaceous Research 90:311-317 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]