Borehole Bialopole, Lower Ciepielovian (Devonian of Poland)

Where: Poland (51.0° N, 23.7° E: paleocoordinates 18.7° S, 10.9° E)

• coordinate estimated from map

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Pragian (410.8 - 407.6 Ma)

• Upper Bostovian

Environment/lithology: deep subtidal; siltstone

• Silurian deposits in the investigated area range in age:: from the Wenlockian across Devonianboundary. They represent the graptolite-shaly facies with siltstones in the upper part of the section. These deposits pass continuously into the Lower Devonian represented by claystones and siltstones intercalated commonly with layers and lenses of limestones enclosing an abundant marine fauna. The siltstones become upwards more and more sandy and comprise commonly layers of fine-grained quartz sandstones; they are often mottled and display commonly mud cracks. This is a typical Oldred fades; it is attributed to the Siegenian to Emsian. Thus, the marine sedimentation persisted in the investigated area continuously all through the Silurian and Lower Devonian. The earliest regression is marked in the Lower Siegenian deposits, while the

•terrestrial oldred-type sedimentation became prevalent in the Upper Siegenian.

Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils

Primary reference: R. Wrona. 1980. Upper SiIurian-Lower Devonian Chitinozoa from the subsurface of southeastern Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica 41:103-165 [W. Kiessling/M. Krause]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 145994: authorized by Wolfgang Kiessling, entered by Mihaela Krause on 14.06.2013

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Crinoidea
  -
Crinoidea indet. Miller 1821 Sea lily
Eurypterida
 Eurypterida -
Eurypterida indet. Burmeister 1843 eurypterid
Deuteropoda
  -
Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802 ostracod
Trilobita
 Proetida - Proetidae
"Podolites sp." = Warburgella (Rugulites)
"Podolites sp." = Warburgella (Rugulites) Tomcyzkowa 1991 trilobite
 Phacopida - Acastidae
Paracryphaeus sp. Gandl 1972 trilobite
 Phacopida - Homalonotidae
Parahomalonotus forbesi Rouault 1855 trilobite
"Digonus cf. vialai" = Parahomalonotus vialai Gosselet 1912 trilobite
Gastropoda
  -
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795 snail
Bivalvia
  -
Bivalvia indet. Linnaeus 1758 clam
Lophophorata
 Tentaculitida - Tentaculitidae
Tentaculitidae indet. Walcott 1886
Brachiopoda
  -
Brachiopoda indet. Cuvier 1805