Fort Cassin, VT, Fort Cassin Formation (Ordovician of the United States)

Where: Addison County, Vermont (44.2° N, 73.2° W: paleocoordinates 30.6° S, 61.2° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Oepikodus communis - Reuterodontus andinus conodont zone, Sciota Member (Fort Cassin Formation), Cassinian (482.3 - 470.0 Ma)

• formation-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: shallow subtidal; lithified, calcareous, carbonaceous limestone

• Details of the divisions at each of the localities from which each specimen listed are not given, thus I will give a complete description of lithologies summarized by Ruedemann for the formation at two different localities. “Section of the Beekmantown beds at Valcour in ascending order: A1 is a four foot bed of hard bluish gray, gritty dolomite. Strike, n.30 e.; dip, 5˚ s.e. A2 begins 100 feet north of end of A1. 3 feet. Bluish gray dolomite, with lenses of lighter dolomite; the latter very fossiliferous. A3 exposed about 300 feet north of A2. 6 feet. This division is shaly at the base, compact, gray or black at the middle and shaly and black at the top, the whole weathering yellowish. The gray portion is a mass of fossil fragments derived from crinoids, trilobites, cephalopods, gastropods and brachiopods, and contains small rounded pebbles or concretions. The shaly portion at the top is a valuable depository of cephalopods (nautilicones and orthocerecones). A4 is a mass of rocks exposed for a considerable distance along the shore and consisting of an irregular series of beds or gray brown and bluish blake sandy dolomite with thin intercalations of very fossiliferous limestone. The surfaces of the strata are characteristically marked by an entagled mass of vermiform ridges suggesting fucoids, and by channels, suchas are formed on sandy beaches at low tide. These channels are filled with a bluish gray limestone, contrasting with the sandy rocks and choked with fossils, specially orthoceracones, which lie in the longitudinal direction of the channels. The channels run slightly north of east. Systems of large ripple marks extend over some of the rock surfaces. Thickness not obtained. A5, rock exposed on north side of Sibley point, exposures beginning behind Pacno’s barn, where a dolomite bed 4 ½ feet thick rests upon A4. This is followed by a cross-bedded impure limestone containing numerous cephalopods (nautilicones) and other fossils. A6, 6 feet of a purer, blue limestone, which is irregularly bedded and contains seams of black shale. A7, a heavy bed (7 feet) of blue sandy limestone, weathering yellow, exposed at top of bank, at east end of Sibley point. A8, separated by a concealed interval from A7 and consists of about 25 feet of heavy bluish limestone strata, which weather gray, are barren and contain some geodes. This bed ends at the Valcour dock. Strike n. 40 w.; dip, 15˚ s.w.” “Section at East Shoreham in ascending order: Division A. Dark iron gray magnesian limestone, usually in beds one or two feet in thickness more or less siliceous, in some beds even approaching a sandstone, Fossils none. Thickness 310 feet. Division B. Dove colored limestone, intermingled with light gray dolomite, in massive beds. Fossils: Orthoceras primigenium, Cryptozoön steeli. Thickness 295 feet. Division C. In succession gray, thin bedded, fine grained calciferous sandstone; magnesian limestone in thick beds, weathering drab; sandstones, sometimes pure and firm, but usually calciferous or dolomitic; magnesian limestone like no. 2, frequently containing patches of black chert. Fossils, none, except Scolithos minutus Wing. Thikness 350 feet. Division D. In seccession blue limestone, in beds one or two feet thick, breaking with a flinty fracture; the weathered surface with a rough curdled appearance; drab and brown magnesian limestone; sandy limestone in thin beds; blue limestone in thin bands. Fossils: Ophieta complanata, Maclurea affinis, Lituites eatoni, Asaphus canalis and species of Cryptozoön, Bathyurus, Maclurea, Murchisoni, Orthocera, Cyrtoceras. Thickness 375 feet. Division E. Fine grained magnesian limestone in beds one or two feet in thickness, weathering drab, yellowish or brown. Fossils: Bucania tripla, Murchisonia confuse, Bathyurus extans? var., Primitia seelyi and species of Lingula, Maclurea?, Murchisonia, Orthosceras, Bathyurus, Cheirurus?, and encrinal columns. Thickness 470 feet.” “Since we can do no better than base our future stratigraphic work on the larger lithologic divisions recognized by Brainerd and Seely in the Beekmantown formation at East shore ham Vt. And in the Chazy formation at Chazy village, we refer the fossils obtained at other places than the Valcour shore provisionally to those divisions.”

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: recrystallized, original aragonite, replaced with calcite

Primary reference: R. Ruedemann. 1906. Cephalopoda of the Beekmantown and Chazy formations of the Champlain Basin. Bulletin of the New York State Museum, Paleontology 14:389-611 [P. Wagner/K. Koverman/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 42793: authorized by Pete Wagner, entered by Kimberly Koverman on 05.08.2004, edited by Björn Kröger

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Cephalopoda
 Orthocerida - Baltoceratidae
 Bisonocerida - Piloceratidae
"Cassinoceras grande" = Expandocassinoceras grande1, "Piloceras explanator" = Cassinoceras wortheni, "Cassinoceras explanator" = Cassinoceras wortheni2
"Cassinoceras grande" = Expandocassinoceras grande1 Ulrich and Foerste 1943
"Piloceras explanator" = Cassinoceras wortheni Billings 1865
"Cassinoceras explanator" = Cassinoceras wortheni2 Billings 1865
 Endocerida - Proterocameroceratidae
 Tarphycerida - Trocholitidae
Trocholites internestriatus, "Schroederoceras eatoni" = Curtoceras eatoni, "Schroederoceras cassinense" = Curtoceras eatoni, Trocholitoceras walcotti
"Schroederoceras eatoni" = Curtoceras eatoni Whitfield 1886
"Schroederoceras cassinense" = Curtoceras eatoni Whitfield 1886
 Tarphycerida - Tarphyceratidae
Eurystomites kelloggi Whitfield 1886
Eurystomites kelloggi1 Whitfield 1886
Tarphyceras perkinsi Whitfield 1897
Campbelloceras hyatti1 Ulrich et al. 1942
Centrotarphyceras subundosum1 Ulrich et al. 1942
Centrotarphyceras seelyi1 Whitfield 1886
Pionoceras vokesi1 Ulrich et al. 1942
 Multiceratoidea - Bassleroceratidae
Lawrenceoceras confertissimum1 Whitfield 1886
(Cyrtoceras) confertissimum
Lawrenceoceras breve1 Ulrich et al. 1944
 Multiceratoidea - Cyclostomiceratidae
Cyclostomiceras minimum Whitfield 1886
 Ellesmerocerida - Protocycloceratidae
Protocycloceras geronticum1 Ulrich et al. 1944
Protocycloceras lamarcki1 Billings 1859
Cyptendoceras ruedemanni1 Ulrich and Foerste 1936
 Ellesmerocerida - Ellesmeroceratidae
Bassleroceras acinacellum1 Whitfield 1886
(Cyrtoceras) acinacellum
 Ellesmerocerida - Rudolfoceratidae
"Orygoceras cornuoryx" = Rudolfoceras cornuoryx
"Orygoceras cornuoryx" = Rudolfoceras cornuoryx Whitfield 1886
Orygoceras cornu-oryx