Zwarts Siding (Permian of South Africa)

Where: Western Cape, South Africa (32.9° S, 21.8° E: paleocoordinates 59.6° S, 35.5° W)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• small collection-level geographic resolution

When: Tapinocephalus or Pristerognathus Assemblage zone, Abrahamskraal Formation (Beaufort Group), Capitanian (264.3 - 259.5 Ma)

• Kitching (1977, "Distribution of the Karroo Vertebrate Fauna") assigns this locality to the middle Tapinocephalus Zone. This corresponds to the transition of the Tapinocephalus and Pristerognathus Assemblage Zones of Rubidge et al. (1995, South African Committee for Stratigraphy, Biostratigraphic Series No. 1).

•The Tapinocephalus and Pristerognathus AZs are Capitanian according to Catuneanu et al. (2005, J. Afr. Earth Sci. 43). Since the locality is west of 24°E it very likely is within the Abrahamskraal Fm. (see Catuneanu et al., 2005 figs. 24, 25).

• bed-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: "floodplain"; sandstone and claystone

• " [...] deposited mainly by overbank flooding of large meandering rivers of variable sinuosity, draining an extensive alluvial plain [...]. Deposition occurred under semi-arid climatic conditions [...]." (Catuneanu et al., 2005, p. 236; general description of the environment represented by the deposits of the Abrahamskraal and Teekloof Fms.)
• "fining-upward succession of sandstones and purple mudstones containing numerous thin chert bands and rich tetrapod faunas" (general lithology description of the Abrahamskraal Fm. in Catuneanu et al., 2005, J. Afr. Earth Sci. 43).

Size class: macrofossils

Collection methods: SAM = Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town

Primary reference: S. H. Haughton and L. D. Boonstra. 1929. Pareiasaurian studies. Part I. - An Attempt at a Classification of the Pareiasauria based on Skull Features. Annals of the South African Museum 28(1):79-87 [J. Mueller/T. Liebrecht/T. Liebrecht]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 93088: authorized by Johannes Mueller, entered by Torsten Liebrecht on 02.01.2010, edited by Bethany Allen

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Reptilia
 Procolophonomorpha -
Embrithosaurus schwarzi, "Bradysaurus vanderbyli" = Bradysaurus seeleyi
Embrithosaurus schwarzi Watson 1914 parareptile
"Bradysaurus vanderbyli" = Bradysaurus seeleyi Haughton and Boonstra 1929 parareptile
SAM 6242 (not mentioned in Lee, 1997)