Parent taxon: Craniata according to J. A. Long 2011
See also Obruchev 1964 and Sansom and Elliott 2002
Sister taxa: Agnatha, Ammopus, Apedolepis, Artenolepis, Auchenaspis, Cephalaspidomorpha, Conodonta, Eosaurus, Galeaspida, Gnathostomata, Herpetichthyes, Hoplichnus, Hypichthyes, Larnovaspis, Lepidotosaurus, Mannodon, Myzichthyes, Ostracophori, Pachycardia, Palaeaspis, Pituriaspida, Plagiostomi, Saurornia, Tidaeus, Toxichnus, Trihamus, Osteostracomorphii, Anaspida, Conodontomorpha, Petromyzontomorphi, Myxinomorphi, Pteraspidomorphi, Coluber arcuatus
Subtaxa: Coelolepidae Palaeodontidae Turiniidae
Ecology:
Distribution:
• Devonian of Bolivia (1 collection), the Russian Federation (2), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (3)
• Silurian of Canada (1: New Brunswick), China (1), Estonia (15), Norway (1), the Russian Federation (4), Sweden (6), the United Kingdom (85)
• Ordovician of Canada (1: Ontario)
Total: 121 collections including 222 occurrences