Parent taxon: Craniida according to M. A. Bitner and A. Müller 2017
Sister taxon: Craniacea
Subtaxa: none
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Greece (2 collections), Italy (4), United States (1: Florida), Vanuatu (3)
• Pliocene of Italy (1), Portugal (4), Spain (2)
• Miocene of Bulgaria (3), the Czech Republic (1), New Zealand (3), Poland (10), Romania (1), United States (1: Maryland)
• Oligocene of France (2), Germany (1), Iran (1)
• Eocene of Australia (3), Hungary (1), Italy (1), New Zealand (4), Ukraine (1), United States (6: North Carolina, South Carolina, Washington)
• Paleocene of Austria (1), Denmark (13)
• Cretaceous of Belgium (19), the Czech Republic (9), Denmark (5), France (14), Germany (2), the Netherlands (2), Poland (2), Sweden (1), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (14), United States (2: Arizona, Tennessee)
• Jurassic of France (4), Germany (1), Portugal (1), Romania (1), Ukraine (1)
• Triassic of Austria (1), China (2), Hungary (2), Italy (2), Svalbard and Jan Mayen (1)
• Permian of Greenland (2), the Russian Federation (3), Thailand (7), the United Kingdom (1), United States (96: Alaska, Kansas, New Mexico, Texas), Venezuela (2)
• Carboniferous of Belgium (2), China (1), Ireland (1), the United Kingdom (6), United States (61: Alabama, Alaska, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas)
• Givetian of United States (1: Missouri)
• Devonian of Australia (4), Austria (1), Canada (5: Alberta, New Brunswick, Ontario, Yukon, Yukon Territory), China (1), the Czech Republic (1), Germany (8), Luxembourg (2), Morocco (1), South Africa (1), United States (87: Alaska, Colorado, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Montana, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah)
• Silurian of Canada (1: Quebec), China (3), Sweden (2), the United Kingdom (16), United States (8: Indiana, Iowa, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Wisconsin)
• Uhaku of Estonia (1)
• Letna of the Czech Republic (1)
• Chazyan of United States (5: New York, Vermont)
• Whiterockian of United States (1: Minnesota)
• Volkhov of the Russian Federation (32)
• Arenig of China (1), the United Kingdom (1)
• Ordovician of Argentina (1), Canada (8: Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec), China (11), the Czech Republic (6), Estonia (17), Iran (1), Ireland (6), Kazakhstan (1), Latvia (1), Lithuania (1), Myanmar (1), the Netherlands (1), Norway (5), Poland (1), Portugal (1), Sweden (10), the United Kingdom (21), United States (130: Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, Wyoming)
• Tremadoc of China (1), the Czech Republic (1)
Total: 748 collections including 926 occurrences