Strophomenata - Billingsellida
Parent taxon: Clitambonitidina according to M. Liljeroth et al. 2017
See also Benedetto 2003, Williams et al. 2000 and Zuykov and Hints 2002
Sister taxa: Clitambonitacea, Gonambonitacea, Polytoechioidea
Subtaxa: Arctohedridae Clitambonitidae Gonambonitidae
Ecology: stationary epifaunal suspension feeder
Distribution:
• Permian of United States (1: Texas collection)
• Carboniferous to Permian of United States (1: Texas)
• Uhaku of Estonia (2), the Russian Federation (1)
• Aluoja of Estonia (3), the Russian Federation (1)
• Chazyan of Canada (2: Quebec), United States (13: Alabama, New York, Tennessee, Virginia)
• Whiterockian of United States (4: Nevada)
• Vaana of Estonia (1)
• Hunderum of Sweden (1)
• Valaste of Estonia (3), the Russian Federation (4)
• Billingen of the Russian Federation (5)
• Arenig of Argentina (1), China (1), the United Kingdom (2)
• Dawan of China (1)
• Ordovician to Silurian of Canada (3: Québec)
• Ordovician of Australia (1), Belarus (4), Belgium (8), Canada (24: Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec), China (15), Estonia (152), Iran (1), Ireland (6), Latvia (3), Lithuania (6), Mongolia (1), Myanmar (1), Norway (8), Poland (1), the Russian Federation (194), Sweden (7), Ukraine (1), the United Kingdom (31), United States (16: Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Virginia)
• Cambrian of Australia (1), Kyrgyzstan (2), Spain (2)
• Solvan of Australia (1), United States (1: Alaska)
Total: 537 collections including 698 occurrences