Parent taxon: Life according to M. A. Ruggiero et al. 2015
See also Margulis 1996
Sister taxa: Amphibrachium, Ampulla, Arbustrum, Archidiscus, Arrhiniella, Attacus fossilis, Axellipsis, Azyrtalia, Balbiriniella, Batoballa, Campylacantha, Clonophycus, Concentricisporites, Cyathinema, Dibolisporites, Dictyosoma, Difflugia, Discospira, Distospicula, Eoconcharium, Eoscenidium, Eucarya, Eukarya, Eukaryota, Fusilabellum, Geminospora, Germinosphaera, Glenobotrydion, Heteracantha, Hyalocyrillium, Indophyton, Jiangispirellus, Leiosphaeridia, Matthewcyathus, Monera, Multiconotubus, Navifusa, Nodocapsa, Palaeodiscaleksus, Palaeorubus, Penardiella, Petalopus, Petalopus, Pilavia, Polytrichoides, Portfjeldia, Procaryotae, Protohepialus, Protohepialus comstocki, Pterospermopsimorpha, Pygacapsa, Rustia, Salpicola, Siderina, Sinocyrtis, Sphaeranasillos, Stegaspis, Tenuocharta, Tetracanthus, Tindiromacula, Tortunema, Toxidium, Triactis, Tyrasotaenia, Vesicophycus, Warrawoonella, Biota
Subtaxa: Archaea Archaeoscillatoriopsis Archaeotrichion Bacteria Eoleptonema Namapoikia Primaevifilum