Parent taxon: Acanthuriformes according to D. J. Cicimurri et al. 2025
See also Betancur et al. 2013, Carnevale and Godfrey 2018, Danil'chenko 1960, Danil'chenko 1980, David 1943, Ebersole et al. 2019, Estes 1964, Estes and Berberian 1970, Fierstine et al. 2012, Frizzell and Dante 1965, Hay 1902, Jordan 1963, Purdy et al. 2001, Szabo et al. 2017, Thurmond and Jones 1981, Weems 1999 and Wilson 1967
Sister taxa: Acanthuridae, Luvaridae, Massalongiidae, Pygaeidae, Zanclidae
Subtaxa: Sciaenidae
Ecology:
Distribution:
• Quaternary of Australia (1 collection), Brazil (3), Canada (1: Quebec), United States (16: Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia)
• Pliocene of United States (2: Florida, North Carolina)
• Hemphillian of United States (1: Florida)
• Miocene of Argentina (1), Chile (1), Czechia (2), Denmark (1), Germany (2), Hungary (1), Italy (4), Kazakhstan (1), Malta (1), Romania (1), the Russian Federation (1), United States (17: Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Nebraska, North Carolina, Virginia), Venezuela (1)
• Oligocene to Miocene of the Russian Federation (1)
• Oligocene of Germany (1), Hungary (1), United States (4: Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina)
• Eocene of Nigeria (2), United States (13: Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Virginia)
• Cretaceous of Italy (10)
Total: 90 collections including 115 occurrences