Parent taxon: Canoidea according to S. Tomiya and Z. J. Tseng 2016
See also Abella et al. 2012, Barnes 1987, Barnes 1988, Barnes 1989, Barnes 1992, Berta 2017, Bryant 1991, Carroll 1988, Flower 1883, Hay 1902, Hunt 2001, Hunt 2002, Hunt 2002, Hunt 2011, Hunt and Stepleton 2015, Kohno 1996, Kohno et al. 1995, Koretsky 2001, Koretsky et al. 2014, Labs Hochstein 2007, Owen 2006, Paterson et al. 2020, Peigné et al. 2006, Peigne et al. 2008, Robles et al. 2010, Tedford 1976, Tedford et al. 1994, Tomiya 2011, Wang and Carranza-Castaneda 2008, Wang et al. 2014, Wang et al. 2018, Wang et al. 2009, Wang et al. 2005, Wang and Tedford 1992, Wolson 1993 and Zhai et al. 2003
Sister taxa: none
Subtaxa: Allocyon Amphicticeps Arctomorpha Mustelida Musteloidea Nothocyon Panpinnipedia Ursida
Ecology: ground dwelling carnivore-omnivore