Subfamily Plethodontinae (lungless salamander)
Parent taxon: Plethodontidae according to R. Estes 1981
See also Holman 1967
Sister taxa: Aneides, Batrachoseps, Desmognathinae, Ensatina, Eurycea, Gyrinophilus, Hemidactylium, Manculus, Palaeoplethodon, Plethodon, Pseudotriton, Spelerpes, Stereochilus
Subtaxa: none
Ecology: amphibious carnivore
Distribution:
• Quaternary of United States (2: California collections)
Total: 2 collections each including a single occurrence