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Ringicula
Taxonomy
Ringicula was named by Deshayes (1838) [Sepkoski's age data: K Albi-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 792]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Gastropoda by Mansfield (1925); to Cephalaspida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ringiculidae by Durham (1944), Olsson and Harbison (1953), DuBar (1958), MacNeil (1960), Sohl (1964), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Squires (1999), Squires and Saul (2001), Harzhauser and Mandic (2001), Todd (2001), Wienrich and Janssen (2007), Gründel and Nützel (2012).
It was assigned to Gastropoda by Mansfield (1925); to Cephalaspida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Ringiculidae by Durham (1944), Olsson and Harbison (1953), DuBar (1958), MacNeil (1960), Sohl (1964), Ward and Blackwelder (1987), Squires (1999), Squires and Saul (2001), Harzhauser and Mandic (2001), Todd (2001), Wienrich and Janssen (2007), Gründel and Nützel (2012).
Species
Auricula acicula, Auricula bimarginata, Auricula conovuliformis, Auricula cytharella, Auricula hordeola, Auricula miliaris, Auricula miliola, Auricula ovata, Auricula ringens, Auricula sulcata, Auricula terebellata, R. (Ringicula), R. (Ringiculella), R. (Ringiculina), R. (Ringiculina) clarki, R. (Ringiculocosta), R. (Ringiculopsis), R. acuta, R. arctatoides, R. blaszyki, R. buccinea, R. castigata, R. celata, R. clarki, R. culbertsoni, R. dalli, R. discrepans, R. dominicana, R. knolli, R. minor (syn. R. (Ringiculella) tournoueri, R. (Ringiculella) auriculata, R. paulucciae, R. tournoueri, R. (Ringiculella) paulucciae), R. mississippiensis, R. nuda, R. punjabensis, R. semperi, R. striata, R. trapaquara, R. trapequara, R. turgida, R. varia, R. ventricosa, R. yochelsoni
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1799 | Auricula Lamarck |
| 1838 | Ringicula Deshayes |
| 1925 | Ringicula Mansfield p. 9 |
| 1944 | Ringicula Durham p. 188 |
| 1953 | Ringicula Olsson and Harbison p. 165 |
| 1958 | Ringicula DuBar p. 184 |
| 1960 | Ringicula MacNeil p. 126 |
| 1964 | Ringicula Sohl p. 293 |
| 1987 | Ringicula Ward and Blackwelder p. 132 |
| 1999 | Ringicula Squires p. 22 |
| 2001 | Ringicula Harzhauser and Mandic p. 716 |
| 2001 | Ringicula Squires and Saul p. 59 |
| 2001 | Ringicula Todd |
| 2002 | Ringicula Sepkoski |
| 2007 | Ringicula Wienrich and Janssen p. 772 |
| 2012 | Ringicula Gründel and Nützel p. 50 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Ringicula Deshayes 1838
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Subg. †Ringicula (Ringicula) Deshayes 1838
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†Ringicula (Ringicula) cockburnensins Zinsmeister and Stilwell 1990
†Ringicula (Ringicula) pinguis Gabb 1864
†Ringicula (Ringicula) pulchella Shumard 1861
†Ringicula (Ringicula) yochelsoni Sohl 1964
Subg. Ringicula (Ringiculella) Sacco 1892
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†Ringicula (Ringiculella) carvajali Etayo-Serna 1979
†Ringicula (Ringiculella) floridana Dall 1890
†Ringicula (Ringiculella) haunsbergensis Traub 1938
†Ringicula (Ringiculella) pakistanica Eames 1952
†Ringicula (Ringiculella) semistriata d'Orbigny 1841
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Invalid names: Ringicula hypograpta Brown and Pilsbry 1913 [synonym], Ringicula tridentata Guppy 1873 [synonym]
Subg. Ringicula (Ringiculina) Monterosato 1884
†Ringicula (Ringiculina) clarki Durham 1944
Subg. †Ringicula (Ringiculocosta)
Subg. †Ringicula (Ringiculopsis) Chavan 1947
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†Ringicula (Ringiculopsis) hesperiae Squires and Saul 2001
†Ringicula acuta Forbes 1846
†Ringicula arctatoides Martin 1879
†Ringicula blaszyki Kaim 2004
Ringicula buccinea Sowerby 1823
†Ringicula castigata Marwick 1929
†Ringicula celata Böhm 1891
†Ringicula clarki Gardner 1916
†Ringicula culbertsoni Stephenson 1941
†Ringicula dalli Clark 1895
†Ringicula discrepans Traub 1938
†Ringicula dominicana Maury 1917
†Ringicula knolli Banerjee and Halder 2023
†Ringicula minor Grateloup 1838
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Invalid names: Ringicula (Ringiculella) auriculata Morlet 1954 [synonym], Ringicula (Ringiculella) paulucciae Morlet 1984 [synonym], Ringicula (Ringiculella) tournoueri Morlet 1878 [synonym], Ringicula paulucciae Morlet 1878 [synonym], Ringicula tournoueri Morlet 1878 [synonym]
†Ringicula mississippiensis Conrad 1848
†Ringicula nuda Böhm 1891
†Ringicula punjabensis Eames 1952
†Ringicula semperi Koch 1862
†Ringicula striata Philippi 1843
†Ringicula trapequara Harris 1895
†Ringicula turgida Sowerby 1817
†Ringicula varia Gabb 1864
Ringicula ventricosa Sowerby 1823
†Ringicula yochelsoni Sohl 1964
Invalid names: Auricula Lamarck 1799 [replaced]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. Gründel and A. Nützel 2012 | Shell with distinctly elevated spire; protoconch medioaxial to coaxial, consisting of 1.5 visible whorls; shell covered with spiral furrows which can be pitted by intersections with strengthened growth lines; narrow ramp may be present; aperture with convex outer lip, acute posteriorly, with distinct anterior notch; outer lip of mature specimens strongly thickened with an exterior bulge and internal thickenings and sometimes dentations; inner lip with callus, distinctly broadened, covering the centre of the base; columellar portion of inner lip with one strong fold, parietal portion with two strong folds; columellar fold forms border of anterior notch. |