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Axonophora

Pterobranchia - Graptoloidea

Taxonomy
Axonophora was named by Frech (1897). It is not extant.

It was reranked as the infraorder Axonophora by Maletz et al. (2009).

It was assigned to Bireclinata by Maletz et al. (2009); and to Graptoloidea by Maletz (2014), Chen et al. (2016).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1897Axonophora Frech
2009Axonophora Maletz et al. pp. 14 - 15
2014Axonophora Maletz
2016Axonophora Chen et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
phylumHemichordataBateson 1885
RankNameAuthor
classPterobranchiaLankester 1877
subclassGraptolithina(Bronn 1849)
orderGraptoloideaLapworth 1875
suborderAxonophoraFrech 1897
suborderAxonophoraFrech 1897

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Axonophora Frech 1897
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Infraor. †Diplograptina Lapworth 1880
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Superfm. †Climacograptoidea Frech 1897 [climacograptid]
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Fm. †Climacograptidae Frech 1807
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G. †Appendispinograptus Zhiming and Daqing 1985
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Invalid names: Appendispinograptus crassispinus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1974 [synonym], Appendispinograptus hvalross Ross and Berry 1963 [synonym], Appendispinograptus lamellicornis Sobolevskaya 1974 [synonym]
†Appendispinograptus supernus Elles and Wood 1906
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†Diplacanthograptus caudatus Lapworth 1876
Invalid names: Ensigraptus Riva and Ketner 1989 [synonym]
G. †Haddingograptus Maletz 1997
G. †Proclimacograptus Maletz 1997
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Subg. †Pseudoclimacograptus (Metaclimacograptus) Bulman and Rickards 1968
G. †Styracograptus Storch et al. 2011
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†Styracograptus tubuliferus Lapworth 1876
G. †Undulograptus Bouček 1973
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†Undulograptus formosus Mu and Lee 1958
Invalid names: Climacograptacea Mitchell et al. 2007 [replaced]
Fm. †Dicaulograptidae Bulman 1970
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Fm. †Dicranograptidae Lapworth 1873
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G. †Dicellograptus Hopkinson 1871
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†Dicellograptus anceps Nicholson 1867
†Dicellograptus caduceus Lapworth and Wood 1876
†Dicellograptus complanatus Lapworth 1880
†Dicellograptus complexus Davies 1929
†Dicellograptus elegans Carruthers 1868
†Dicellograptus gravis Keble and Harris 1925
†Dicellograptus ornatus Elles and Wood 1904
Invalid names: Leptograptus Lapworth 1873 [synonym]
G. †Dicranograptus Hall 1865
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†Dicranograptus clingani Carruthers 1868
†Dicranograptus nicholsoni Hopkinson 1870
Invalid names: Cladograpsus Emmons 1855 [replaced], Diceratograptus [synonym]
Subfm. †Nemagraptinae Maletz 2014
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†Nemagraptus gracilis Hall 1847
Invalid names: Geitonograptus [synonym]
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†Pleurograptus linearis Carruthers 1858
†Pleurograptus lui Mu 1950
Invalid names: Cladograpsus Carruthers 1858 [replaced]
Superfm. †Dicranograptoidea Lapworth 1873
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Invalid names: Dicranograptacea Storch et al. 2011 [replaced]
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G. †Anticostia Stewart and Mitchell 1997
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†Anticostia lata Elles and Wood 1906
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Invalid names: Amplexograptus inuiti Cox 1933 [synonym], Amplexograptus regularis Mu and Lin 1993 [synonym], Amplexograptus suni Mu and Chen 1962 [synonym]
†Anticostia teres Barrande and Perner 1895
G. †Corynoides Nicholson 1867
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†Corynoides americanus Ruedemann 1947
†Corynoides calicularis Nicholson 1867
†Corynoides incurvus Hadding 1915
†Corynoides tricornis Ruedemann 1947
Invalid names: Corynograptus Hopkinson and Lapworth 1875 [synonym]
Subfm. †Diplograptinae Lapworth 1873
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G. †Oepikograptus Obut and Sennikov 1984
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†Oepikograptus bekkeri Öpik 1927
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†Diplograptus pristis Hall 1847
Invalid names: Mesograptus Elles and Wood [synonym]
G. †Levisograptus Maletz 2011
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†Levisograptus austrodentatus Harris and Keble 1932
†Levisograptus dentatus Brongniart 1828
†Levisograptus primus Legg 1976
†Levisograptus sinicus Mu and Lee 1958
†Levisograptus sinodentatus Mu and Lee 1958
Invalid names: Amansites Brongniart 1849 [synonym]
Subfm. †Orthograptinae Mitchell 1987
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G. †Orthograptus Lapworth 1873
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†Orthograptus eucharis Hall 1865
†Orthograptus fastigatus Davies 1929
†Orthograptus pageanus Elles and Wood 1907
†Orthograptus ruedemanni Gurley 1896
†Orthograptus spinigerus Elles and Wood 1907
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†Paraorthograptus pacificus Ruedemann 1947
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Invalid names: Paraorthograptus fenxiangensis Wang 1983 [synonym], Paraorthograptus minor Wang 1983 [synonym]
†Paraorthograptus uniformis Mu and Li 1984
G. †Parareteograptus Mu 1974
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Invalid names: Parareteograptus denticulatus Wang et al. 1978 [synonym]
Invalid names: Orthoretiograptus Wang et al. 1978 [synonym]
G. †Rectograptus Pribyl 1949
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†Rectograptus abbreviatus Elles and Wood 1907
†Rectograptus gracilis Roemer 1861
†Rectograptus peosta Hall 1861
†Rectograptus socialis Lapworth 1880
†Rectograptus truncatus Lapworth 1876
Invalid names: Orthograptidae Mitchell 1987 [synonym]
Fm. †Lasiograptidae Lapworth 1879 [lasiograptid]
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G. †Arachniograptus Ross and Berry 1963
G. †Archiretiolites Eisenack 1935
G. †Brevigraptus Mitchell 1988
G. †Hallograptus Lapworth 1876
G. †Lasiograptus Lapworth 1873
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Subg. †Lasiograptus (Thysanograptus) Elles and Wood 1903
†Lasiograptus etheridgei Harris 1924
Invalid names: Prolasiograptus [synonym]
G. †Neurograptus Elles and Wood 1908
G. †Nymphograptus Elles and Wood 1908
G. †Orthoretiolites Whittington 1954
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†Orthoretiolites hami Whittington 1954
G. †Paraplegmatograptus Mu and Lin 1984
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G. †Phormograptus Whittington 1955
G. †Pipiograptus Whittington 1955
G. †Plegmatograptus Elles and Wood 1908
G. †Sunigraptus Mu 1993
G. †Tysanograptus Elles and Wood 1908
G. †Yangzigraptus Mu 1983
G. †Yinograptus Mu 1962
Fm. †Peiragraptidae Jaanusson 1960
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Infraor. †Neograptina Storch et al. 2011
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Superfm. †Monograptoidea Lapworth 1873
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Fm. †Dimorphograptidae Elles and Wood 1908
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G. †Agetograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1968
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†Agetograptus secundus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1968
†Agetograptus spiniferus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1968
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†Akidograptus ascensus Davies 1929
G. †Avitograptus Melchin et al. 2011
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†Avitograptus avitus Davies 1929
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†Parakidograptus acuminatus Nicholson 1867
Invalid names: Heteroprionidae Tullberg 1883 [synonym]
Fm. †Monograptidae Lapworth 1873
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†Atavograptus atavus Jones 1909
G. †Campograptus Obut 1949
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†Campograptus harpago Törnquist 1899
†Campograptus lobiferus M'Coy 1850
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†Coronograptus cyphus Lapworth 1876
Subfm. †Glyptograptinae Mitchell 1987
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G. †Huttagraptus Bjerreskov and Koren' 1997
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†Huttagraptus acinaces Törnquist 1899
G. †Lituigraptus Ni 1978
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†Lituigraptus convolutus Hisinger 1837
†Lituigraptus richteri Perner 1897
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Subg. †Monograptus (Pomatograptus) Pribly 1940
†Monograptus angustidens Pribyl 1940
†Monograptus bouceki Pribyl 1940
†Monograptus priodon Bronn 1835
†Monograptus uniformis Pribyl 1940
†Monograptus yukonensis Lenz and Jackson 1963
Invalid names: Lagarograptus [synonym]
G. †Neomonograptus Mu and Ni 1973
G. †Oktavites Levina 1928
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†Oktavites bodentoeriensis Loydell 2003
†Oktavites falx Suess 1851
†Oktavites spiralis Geinitz 1842
G. †Pernerograptus Přibyl 1941
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†Pernerograptus argenteus Nicholson 1869
Subfm. †Pristiograptinae Gürich 1908
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Invalid names: Bohemograptus Přibyl 1967 [synonym]
G. †Pseudostreptograptus Loydell 1991
G. †Rastrites
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Invalid names: Colonograptus [synonym]
G. †Spirograptus Guerich 1908
G. †Stimulograptus Přibyl 1983
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†Stimulograptus sedgwickii Portlock 1843
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†Streptograptus antennularius Meneghini 1857
G. †Testograptus Přibyl 1967
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†Testograptus testis Barrande 1859
Fm. †Normalograptidae Storch and Serpagli 1993
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G. †Hedrograptus Obut 1949
G. †Metaclimacograptus Bulman and Rickards 1968
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†Metaclimacograptus hughesi Nicholson 1869
†Metaclimacograptus orientalis Obut and Sobolevskaya 1966
†Metaclimacograptus slalom Zalasiewicz 1996
Invalid names: Lithuanograptus Paskevicius 1976 [synonym]
G. †Normalograptus Legrand 1987
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†Normalograptus ajjeri Legrand 1977
†Normalograptus angustus Perner 1895
†Normalograptus jideliensis Koren' and Mikhaylova 1980
†Normalograptus laciniosus Churkin and Carter 1970
†Normalograptus lubricus Chen and Lin 1978
†Normalograptus magnus Churkin and Carter 1970
†Normalograptus medius Tornquist 1897
†Normalograptus medius brevicaudatus Churkin and Carter 1970
†Normalograptus mirnyensis Obut and Sobolevskaya 1967
†Normalograptus normalis Lapworth 1877
†Normalograptus praecursor Koren and Rickards 2004
†Normalograptus radicatus Chen and Lin 1978
†Normalograptus rhizinus Li and Yang 1983
G. †Pronormalograptus Chen et al. 2015
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†Pronormalograptus euglyphus Lapworth 1880
G. †Pseudoglyptograptus Bulman and Rickards 1968
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†Pseudoglyptograptus barriei Zalasiewicz and Tunnicliff 1994
†Pseudoglyptograptus vas Bulman and Rickards 1968
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†Rhaphidograptus toernquisti Elles and Wood 1906
G. †Talacastograptus Cuerda et al. 1988
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†Talacastograptus leanzai Cuerda et al. 1988
Superfm. †Retiolitoidea Lapworth 1873
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Fm. †Neodiplograptidae Melchin et al. 2011
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G. †Korenograptus Melchin et al. 2011
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†Korenograptus elegantulus Mu and Ni 1983
†Korenograptus gnomus Churkin and Carter 1970
†Korenograptus illustris Koren and Mikhailova 1980
G. †Metabolograptus Obut and Sennikov 1985
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†Metabolograptus extraordinarius Sobolevskaya 1974
†Metabolograptus ojsuensis Koren' and Mikhailova 1980
†Metabolograptus parvulus Lapworth 1900
G. †Persculptograptus Koren' and Rickards 1996
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†Persculptograptus persculptus Elles and Wood 1907
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Invalid names: Normalograptus bohemicus Marek 1955 [synonym]
G. †Rickardsograptus Melchin et al. 2011
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†Rickardsograptus elongatus Churkin and Carter 1970
†Rickardsograptus tcherskyi Obut and Sobolevskaya 1967
Fm. †Retiolitidae Lapworth 1873
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G. †Mirorgraptus Lenz and Kozłowska 2007
Subfm. †Petalolithinae Bulman 1955
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G. †Comograptus Obut and Sobolevskaya 1968
G. †Glyptograptus Lapworth 1873
G. †Paramplexograptus Melchin et al. 2011
G. †Parapetalolithus Koren' and Rickards 1996
G. †Petalolithus Suess 1851
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Invalid names: Petalograptus [synonym]
Subfm. †Plectograptinae Boucek and Münch 1952
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G. †Baculograptus Lenz and Kozlowska-Dawidziuk 2002
G. †Cometograptus Kozłowska-Dawidziuk 2001
G. †Giganteograptus Lenz and Kozłowska 2007
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Invalid names: Agastograptus Obut and Zaslavskaya 1983 [synonym]
Subfm. †Retiolitinae Lapworth 1873
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G. †Pileograptus Lenz and Kozłowska 2007
G. †Pseudoretiolites Bouček and Münch 1944
G. †Stomatograptus Tüllberg 1883
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available