| Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Sphyrna (hammerhead shark)
Taxonomy
Sphyrna was named by Rafinesque (1810) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-m R Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Squalidae by Gibbes (1847); to Sphyrninae by Hay (1902); to Carchariidae by Woodward (1889), Chapman and Pritchard (1904), Chapman and Cudmore (1924), Leriche (1942); to Carcharhiniformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Sphyrnidae by Dartevelle and Casier (1943), Rapp (1946), Casier (1958), Jordan (1963), Case (1981), Yabe and Hirayama (1998), Purdy et al. (2001), Compagno (2005), Rana et al. (2006), Kocsis (2007), Adnet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Carillo-Briceño et al. (2014), Reinecke and Radwanski (2015), Carrillo-Briceño et al. (2016), Hastings and Dooley (2017), Kent (2018), Landini et al. (2019), Adnet et al. (2020), Villafaña et al. (2020), Ebersole et al. (2024), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025); and to Carcharhinidae by White (1926), Maisch IV et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Squalidae by Gibbes (1847); to Sphyrninae by Hay (1902); to Carchariidae by Woodward (1889), Chapman and Pritchard (1904), Chapman and Cudmore (1924), Leriche (1942); to Carcharhiniformes by Sepkoski (2002); to Sphyrnidae by Dartevelle and Casier (1943), Rapp (1946), Casier (1958), Jordan (1963), Case (1981), Yabe and Hirayama (1998), Purdy et al. (2001), Compagno (2005), Rana et al. (2006), Kocsis (2007), Adnet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Carillo-Briceño et al. (2014), Reinecke and Radwanski (2015), Carrillo-Briceño et al. (2016), Hastings and Dooley (2017), Kent (2018), Landini et al. (2019), Adnet et al. (2020), Villafaña et al. (2020), Ebersole et al. (2024), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025); and to Carcharhinidae by White (1926), Maisch IV et al. (2025).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1810 | Sphyrna Rafinesque |
| 1816 | Zygaena Cuvier |
| 1847 | Sphyrna Gibbes p. 194 |
| 1889 | Sphyrna Woodward p. 453 |
| 1902 | Sphyrna Hay p. 314 |
| 1904 | Sphyrna Chapman and Pritchard p. 275 |
| 1924 | Sphyrna Chapman and Cudmore p. 122 |
| 1926 | Sphyrna White p. 33 |
| 1942 | Sphyrna Leriche p. 36 |
| 1943 | Sphyrna Dartevelle and Casier p. 163 |
| 1946 | Sphyrna Rapp p. 510 |
| 1958 | Sphyrna Casier p. 40 |
| 1963 | Sphyrna Jordan p. 601 |
| 1963 | Zygaena Jordan p. 601 |
| 1981 | Sphyrna Case p. 66 |
| 1998 | Sphyrna Yabe and Hirayama p. 50 |
| 2001 | Sphyrna Purdy et al. p. 157 |
| 2002 | Sphyrna Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Sphyrna Compagno |
| 2006 | Sphyrna Rana et al. p. 516 |
| 2007 | Sphyrna Adnet et al. p. 314 |
| 2007 | Sphyrna Kocsis p. 38 |
| 2009 | Sphyrna Cicimurri and Knight p. 635 |
| 2014 | Sphyrna Carillo-Briceño et al. p. 84 |
| 2015 | Sphyrna Reinecke and Radwanski p. 13 |
| 2016 | Sphyrna Carrillo-Briceño et al. p. 88 |
| 2017 | Sphyrna Hastings and Dooley p. 83 |
| 2018 | Sphyrna Kent p. 121 |
| 2019 | Sphyrna Landini et al. p. 361 |
| 2020 | Sphyrna Adnet et al. p. 12 |
| 2020 | Sphyrna Villafaña et al. |
| 2024 | Sphyrna Ebersole et al. p. 10 |
| 2025 | Sphyrna Cicimurri et al. p. 38 |
| 2025 | Sphyrna Landau et al. p. 27 |
| 2025 | Sphyrna Maisch IV et al. p. 35 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 [hammerhead shark]
show all | hide all
†Sphyrna americana Leriche 1942
†Sphyrna arambourgi Cappetta 1970
†Sphyrna denticulata Agassiz 1843
†Sphyrna gibbesii Hay 1902
†Sphyrna gracile Cicimurri et al. 2025
†Sphyrna guinoti Adnet et al. 2020
†Sphyrna integra Probst 1878
†Sphyrna itoriensis White 1926
†Sphyrna laevissima Cope 1867
†Sphyrna lata Agassiz 1843
†Sphyrna magna Cope 1868
†Sphyrna media Springer 1940
Sphyrna mokarran Rüppell 1837 [great hammerhead]
†Sphyrna prisca Agassiz 1843
†Sphyrna prisca eastmani Eastman 1904
†Sphyrna robustum Cicimurri et al. 2025
Sphyrna tiburo Linnaeus 1758
†Sphyrna tortilis White 1926
Sphyrna zygaena Linnaeus 1758 [smooth hammerhead]
Invalid names: Zygaena Cuvier 1816 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available