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Rajiformes (ray)
Taxonomy
Rajiformes was named by Berg (1940) [Sepkoski's age data: ]. It is extant.
It was reranked as the suborder Rajiformes by Cassier (1966); it was reranked as the unranked clade Rajiformes by Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Euselachii by Cassier (1966); to Euselachiformes by Case (1978); to Galeomorphii by Sepkoski (2002); to Squalea by Delsate (2003); to Euselachii by Forey et al. (2003); to Squalea by Underwood and Ward (2004); to Hypnosqualea by Kriwet (2005); to Chondrichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001), Tabuce et al. (2005); to Neoselachii by Underwood (2006); to Elasmobranchii by Johnston (1980), Case (1981), Uyeno and Hasegawa (1986), Peng et al. (2001), Everhart (2007), Bogan and Agnolin (2010); to Batoidea by Long (2011); to Batomorphi by van der Laan (2019); and to Batomorphii by Cappetta (1980), Cappetta (1987), Biddle (1993), Dica et al. (1996), Delsate and Candoni (2001), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Kriwet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Kriwet et al. (2009), Claeson et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019), Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was reranked as the suborder Rajiformes by Cassier (1966); it was reranked as the unranked clade Rajiformes by Cicimurri et al. (2022).
It was assigned to Euselachii by Cassier (1966); to Euselachiformes by Case (1978); to Galeomorphii by Sepkoski (2002); to Squalea by Delsate (2003); to Euselachii by Forey et al. (2003); to Squalea by Underwood and Ward (2004); to Hypnosqualea by Kriwet (2005); to Chondrichthyes by Purdy et al. (2001), Tabuce et al. (2005); to Neoselachii by Underwood (2006); to Elasmobranchii by Johnston (1980), Case (1981), Uyeno and Hasegawa (1986), Peng et al. (2001), Everhart (2007), Bogan and Agnolin (2010); to Batoidea by Long (2011); to Batomorphi by van der Laan (2019); and to Batomorphii by Cappetta (1980), Cappetta (1987), Biddle (1993), Dica et al. (1996), Delsate and Candoni (2001), Cahuzac et al. (2007), Kriwet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Kriwet et al. (2009), Claeson et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Stumpf and Kriwet (2019), Cicimurri et al. (2022).
Subtaxa
Anacanthobatidae, Antiquaobatis, Archingeayia, Arhynchobatidae, Crurirajidae, Cyclobatidae, Duwibatis, Dynatobatis, Engolismaia, Erguitaia, Erythrobatis, Gurgesiellidae, Hamrabatis, Hexatrygon, Hypolophidae, Hypsobatidae, Kiestus, Oncobatis, Ostarriraja, Parapalaeobatidae, Phosphatobatis, Pristoidei, Rajidae, Rajoidei, Rhina, Rhinobatoidei, Safagaia, Sclerorhynchoidei, Sechmetia, Squatirhina, Tanoutia, Tomewingia (syn. Ewingia), Torpedinoidea, Urobatis
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1940 | Rajiformes Berg |
| 1966 | Rajiformes Cassier p. 90 |
| 1978 | Rajiformes Case p. 193 |
| 1980 | Rajiformes Cappetta p. 151 |
| 1980 | Rajiformes Johnston |
| 1981 | Rajiformes Case p. 68 |
| 1986 | Rajiformes Uyeno and Hasegawa p. 68 |
| 1987 | Rajiformes Cappetta |
| 1993 | Rajiformes Biddle p. 215 |
| 1996 | Rajiformes Dica et al. p. 118 |
| 2001 | Rajiformes Delsate and Candoni p. 132 |
| 2001 | Rajiformes Peng et al. p. 8 |
| 2001 | Rajiformes Purdy et al. p. 89 |
| 2002 | Rajiformes Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Rajiformes Delsate p. 17 |
| 2003 | Rajiformes Forey et al. p. 227 |
| 2004 | Rajiformes Underwood and Ward p. 489 |
| 2005 | Rajiformes Kriwet |
| 2005 | Rajiformes Tabuce et al. p. 385 |
| 2006 | Rajiformes Underwood p. 234 |
| 2007 | Rajiformes Cahuzac et al. p. 26 |
| 2007 | Rajiformes Everhart p. 226 |
| 2007 | Rajiformes Kriwet et al. |
| 2009 | Rajiformes Cicimurri and Knight p. 635 |
| 2009 | Rajiformes Kriwet et al. p. 324 |
| 2010 | Rajiformes Bogan and Agnolin |
| 2011 | Rajiformes Long p. 242 |
| 2013 | Rajiformes Claeson et al. p. 1023 |
| 2016 | Rajiformes Nelson et al. p. 84 |
| 2018 | Rajiformes Kent p. 124 |
| 2019 | Rajiformes Stumpf and Kriwet p. 649 |
| 2019 | Rajiformes van der Laan p. 44 |
| 2022 | Rajiformes Cicimurri et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Or. Rajiformes Berg 1940 [ray]
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Fm. Arhynchobatidae Fowler 1934
+
G. †Arhynchobatis Waite 1909
G. Psammobatis Günther 1870
G. Sympterygia Müller and Henle 1837
Fm. †Cyclobatidae Cappetta 1980
+
G. †Cyclobatis Egerton 1844
+
†Cyclobatis longicaudatus Woodward 1942
†Cyclobatis major Davis 1887
†Cyclobatis oligodactylus Egerton 1844
†Cyclobatis tuberculatus Cappetta 1980
G. †Hamrabatis Cappetta 1991
+
†Hamrabatis bernardezi Vullo et al. 2007
†Hamrabatis ornata Cappetta 1991
G. †Hexatrygon
Fm. †Hypsobatidae
+
G. †Angolabatis Antunes and Cappetta 2006
+
†Angolabatis benguelaensis Antunes and Cappetta 2002
Invalid names: Angolaia Antunes and Cappetta 2002 [replaced]
G. †Kiestus Cappetta and Case 1999
Fm. †Parapalaeobatidae
+
G. †Parapalaeobates Weiler 1930
+
†Parapalaeobates atlanticus Arambourg 1952
†Parapalaeobates pygmaeus Quaas 1902
Fm. Rajidae Blainville 1816 [skate]
+
G. †Amblyraja Malm 1877
G. †Batis Bonaparte 1837
G. †Cephaleutherus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Dactylobatus Bean and Weed 1909
G. †Dasybatus Bonaparte 1837
G. †Dipturus Rafinesque 1810
G. †Hieroptera Fleming 1841
G. †Laeviraja Bonaparte 1837
G. †Leucoraja Malm 1877
G. †Malacorhina Garman 1877
G. †Platopterus Rafinesque 1815
G. †Propterygia Otto 1824
G. Raja Linnaeus 1758
+
†Raja antiqua Agassiz 1843
†Raja batis Linnaeus 1758
†Raja casieri Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja ceciliae Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja clavata Linnaeus 1767
†Raja davisi Fowler 1958
†Raja farishi Case and Cappetta 1997
†Raja gentili Joleaud 1912
†Raja harrisae Ward 1984
†Raja heinzelini Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja louisi Cappetta 1972
†Raja marandati Adnet 2006
†Raja mccollumi Cicimurri and Knight 2009
†Raja michauxi Adnet 2006
†Raja olisiponensis Jonet 1968
†Raja praeclavata Jonet 1968
†Raja primarmata Woodward 1889
†Raja similis Woodward 1889
†Raja sudhakari Prasad and Cappetta 1993
†Raja terhagenensis Steurbaut and Herman 1978
†Raja texana Leriche 1942
G. Rostroraja Hulley 1972
G. †Uraptera Müller and Henle 1838
Invalid names: Rajinae de Blainville 1816 [empty]
G. Rhina [bowmouth guitarfish]
Subor. Rhinobatoidei Fowler 1941 [guitarfish]
+
G. †Protoplatyrhina Case 1978
+
†Protoplatyrhina hopii Williamson et al. 1993
†Protoplatyrhina renae Case 1978
G. †Pseudohypolophus Cappetta and Case 1975
+
†Pseudohypolophus ellipsis Case et al. 2001
†Pseudohypolophus mcnultyi Thurmond 1971
G. †Turoniabatis Landemaine 1991
+
†Turoniabatis cappettai Landemaine 1991
†Turoniabatis ornatus Müller and Diedrich 1991
Invalid names: Germanobatos Müller and Diedrich 1991 [synonym]
Invalid names: Asterodermus Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium], Asterodermus platypterus Agassiz 1836 [nomen dubium]
G. †Squatirhina Casier 1947
+
†Squatirhina draytoni Guinot et al. 2012
†Squatirhina kannensis Herman 1977
†Squatirhina lonzeensis Casier 1947
†Squatirhina thiesi Biddle 1993
†Squatirhina westfalica Müller and Diedrich 1991
G. †Tomewingia Case and Cappetta 2013
+
†Tomewingia problematica Case and Cappetta 1997
Invalid names: Ewingia Case and Cappetta 1997 [replaced]
Invalid names: Hypolophidae Leriche 1902 [empty], Pristoidei [empty], Sclerorhynchoidei Cappetta 1980 [empty], Torpedinoidea Jonet 1968 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available