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Ischyrhiza
Taxonomy
Ischyrhiza was named by Leidy (1856) [Sepkoski's age data: K Ceno-u K Maes Sepkoski's reference number: 884]. It is not extant.
It was reranked as Onchosaurus (Ischyrhiza) by Arambourg (1940); it was corrected as Ischirhiza by Cappetta (1973).
It was assigned to Squalidae by Leidy (1860); to Luciidae by Hay (1902); to Onchosaurus by Arambourg (1940); to Esocidae by Rapp (1946); to Ganopristinae by Estes (1964), Cappetta (1973), Storer and Johnson (1974); to Pristidae by Miller (1967), Estes and Berberian (1970), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Bryant (1989); to Galeomorphii by Sepkoski (2002); and to Sclerorhynchidae by Cappetta and Case (1975), Herman (1977), Case (1978), Case (1979), Uyeno and Hasegawa (1986), Cappetta (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Case (1991), Nessov (1997), Cappetta and Case (1999), Peng et al. (2001), Pearson et al. (2002), Cicimurri (2003), Suárez and Cappetta (2004), Bourdon et al. (2011), Otero et al. (2013), Cicimurri et al. (2014), Bice and Shimada (2016), Hoganson et al. (2019), Maisch et al. (2021).
It was reranked as Onchosaurus (Ischyrhiza) by Arambourg (1940); it was corrected as Ischirhiza by Cappetta (1973).
It was assigned to Squalidae by Leidy (1860); to Luciidae by Hay (1902); to Onchosaurus by Arambourg (1940); to Esocidae by Rapp (1946); to Ganopristinae by Estes (1964), Cappetta (1973), Storer and Johnson (1974); to Pristidae by Miller (1967), Estes and Berberian (1970), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Bryant (1989); to Galeomorphii by Sepkoski (2002); and to Sclerorhynchidae by Cappetta and Case (1975), Herman (1977), Case (1978), Case (1979), Uyeno and Hasegawa (1986), Cappetta (1987), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Case (1991), Nessov (1997), Cappetta and Case (1999), Peng et al. (2001), Pearson et al. (2002), Cicimurri (2003), Suárez and Cappetta (2004), Bourdon et al. (2011), Otero et al. (2013), Cicimurri et al. (2014), Bice and Shimada (2016), Hoganson et al. (2019), Maisch et al. (2021).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1856 | Ischyrhiza Leidy |
| 1860 | Ischyrhiza Leidy p. 120 |
| 1902 | Ischyrhiza Hay p. 398 |
| 1940 | Onchosaurus (Ischyrhiza) Arambourg p. 142 |
| 1946 | Ischyrhiza Rapp p. 512 |
| 1964 | Ischyrhiza Estes p. 13 |
| 1967 | Ischyrhiza Miller p. 224 |
| 1970 | Ischyrhiza Estes and Berberian p. 3 |
| 1973 | Ischirhiza Cappetta p. 510 |
| 1974 | Ischyrhiza Storer and Johnson p. 712 |
| 1975 | Ischyrhiza Cappetta and Case p. 27 |
| 1977 | Ischyrhiza Herman p. 293 |
| 1978 | Ischyrhiza Case p. 195 |
| 1979 | Ischyrhiza Case p. 85 |
| 1981 | Ischyrhiza Thurmond and Jones p. 71 |
| 1986 | Ischyrhiza Uyeno and Hasegawa p. 68 |
| 1987 | Ischyrhiza Cappetta p. 150 |
| 1988 | Ischyrhiza Case and Schwimmer p. 295 |
| 1989 | Ischyrhiza Bryant p. 12 |
| 1991 | Ischyrhiza Case p. 7 |
| 1997 | Ischyrhiza Nessov p. 158 |
| 1999 | Ischyrhiza Cappetta and Case p. 34 |
| 2001 | Ischyrhiza Peng et al. p. 8 |
| 2002 | Ischyrhiza Pearson et al. p. 154 |
| 2002 | Ischyrhiza Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Ischyrhiza Cicimurri p. 11 figs. 5, K-L |
| 2004 | Ischyrhiza Suárez and Cappetta |
| 2011 | Ischyrhiza Bourdon et al. p. 35 |
| 2013 | Ischyrhiza Otero et al. p. 22 figs. Fg. 5: 11-19 |
| 2014 | Ischyrhiza Cicimurri et al. pp. 24-25 figs. 17A-Q |
| 2016 | Ischyrhiza Bice and Shimada p. 183 |
| 2019 | Ischyrhiza Hoganson et al. p. 37 |
| 2021 | Ischyrhiza Maisch et al. p. 20 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Ischyrhiza Leidy 1856
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†Ischirhiza nigeriensis Tabaste 1963
†Ischyrhiza antiqua Leidy 1856
†Ischyrhiza avonicola Estes 1964
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Invalid names: Ischyrhiza monasterica Case and Cappetta 1997 [synonym]
†Ischyrhiza chilensis Wetzel 1930
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Invalid names: Plesiosaurus andium Gervais 1859 [objective synonym]
†Ischyrhiza germaniae Weiler and Albers 1964
†Ischyrhiza hartenbergeri Cappetta 1975
†Ischyrhiza mira Leidy 1856
†Ischyrhiza nigeriensis Tabaste 1963
†Ischyrhiza schneideri Slaughter and Steiner 1968
†Ischyrhiza serra Nessov 1997
†Ischyrhiza texana Cappetta and Case 1975
†Ischyrhiza viaudi Cappetta 1981
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available