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Sphyrnidae (hammerhead shark)
Taxonomy
Sphyrnidae was named by Gill (1872). It is extant.
It was reranked as the subfamily Sphyrninae by Hay (1902).
It was assigned to Galeidae by Hay (1902); to Euselachii by Dartevelle and Casier (1943); to Galeoidei by Jordan (1963); to Isuroidei by Case (1981); and to Carcharhiniformes by Purdy et al. (2001), Compagno (2005), Adnet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020), Ebersole et al. (2024), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
It was reranked as the subfamily Sphyrninae by Hay (1902).
It was assigned to Galeidae by Hay (1902); to Euselachii by Dartevelle and Casier (1943); to Galeoidei by Jordan (1963); to Isuroidei by Case (1981); and to Carcharhiniformes by Purdy et al. (2001), Compagno (2005), Adnet et al. (2007), Cicimurri and Knight (2009), Nelson et al. (2016), Kent (2018), Villafaña et al. (2020), Ebersole et al. (2024), Landau et al. (2025), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1872 | Sphyrnidae Gill |
| 1902 | Sphyrninae Hay p. 314 |
| 1943 | Sphyrnidae Dartevelle and Casier p. 163 |
| 1963 | Sphyrnidae Jordan p. 600 |
| 1981 | Sphyrnidae Case p. 66 |
| 2001 | Sphyrnidae Purdy et al. p. 157 |
| 2005 | Sphyrnidae Compagno |
| 2007 | Sphyrnidae Adnet et al. p. 314 |
| 2009 | Sphyrnidae Cicimurri and Knight p. 635 |
| 2016 | Sphyrnidae Nelson et al. p. 72 |
| 2018 | Sphyrnidae Kent p. 121 |
| 2020 | Sphyrnidae Villafaña et al. p. 739 |
| 2024 | Sphyrnidae Ebersole et al. p. 10 |
| 2025 | Sphyrnidae Cicimurri et al. p. 38 |
| 2025 | Sphyrnidae Landau et al. p. 27 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Sphyrnidae Gill 1872 [hammerhead shark]
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G. †Cestrorhinus Blainville 1816
G. Eusphyra Giill 1862
G. †Platysqualus Swainson 1839
G. †Reniceps Gill 1861
G. †Sphyra Van der Hoeven 1849
G. †Sphyrichthys Thienemann 1828
G. Sphyrna Rafinesque 1810 [hammerhead shark]
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†Sphyrna americana Leriche 1942
†Sphyrna arambourgi Cappetta 1970
†Sphyrna denticulata Agassiz 1843
†Sphyrna gibbesii Hay 1902
†Sphyrna gracile Cicimurri et al. 2025
†Sphyrna guinoti Adnet et al. 2020
†Sphyrna integra Probst 1878
†Sphyrna itoriensis White 1926
†Sphyrna laevissima Cope 1867
†Sphyrna lata Agassiz 1843
†Sphyrna magna Cope 1868
†Sphyrna media Springer 1940
Sphyrna mokarran Rüppell 1837 [great hammerhead]
†Sphyrna prisca Agassiz 1843
†Sphyrna prisca eastmani Eastman 1904
†Sphyrna robustum Cicimurri et al. 2025
Sphyrna tiburo Linnaeus 1758
†Sphyrna tortilis White 1926
Sphyrna zygaena Linnaeus 1758 [smooth hammerhead]
Invalid names: Zygaena Cuvier 1816 [synonym]
G. †Sphyrnias Rafinesque 1815
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available