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Hemiaster (heart urchin)
Discussion
The genus Hemiaster is extant only because its subgenus Holanthus is extant, according to WoRMS and Treatise.
Taxonomy
Hemiaster was named by Agassiz and Desor (1847) [Sepkoski's age data: K Apti-l R]. It is extant. Its type is Spatangus bufo.
It was assigned to Spatangidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Kew (1920); to Schizasteridae by Cooke (1942); to Hemiasteroidae by Donovan (1993); to Spatangoida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Hemiasteridae by Grant and Hertlein (1938), Fischer (1966), Henderson (1975), Kier (1984), McNamara (1987), Smith (1991), Ragaini (1994), Smith (1995), Berndt (2003), Parma and Casadío (2005).
It was assigned to Spatangidae by Clark and Twitchell (1915), Kew (1920); to Schizasteridae by Cooke (1942); to Hemiasteroidae by Donovan (1993); to Spatangoida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Hemiasteridae by Grant and Hertlein (1938), Fischer (1966), Henderson (1975), Kier (1984), McNamara (1987), Smith (1991), Ragaini (1994), Smith (1995), Berndt (2003), Parma and Casadío (2005).
Species
H. (Bolbaster), H. (Gregoryaster), H. (Hemiaster), H. (Holanthus), H. (Integraster), H. (Leymeriaster), H. (Trachyaster), H. aequisgranensis, H. alamedensis, H. amelianus, H. antillensis, H. arcolensis, H. arcticus, H. atavus, H. beecheri, H. bufo, H. californicus, H. calvini, H. cholamensis, H. comanchei, H. delawarensis, H. dewalquei, H. elegans, H. globulosus, H. gonzalezmunozi, H. hattaensis, H. humphreysanus, H. kuemmeli, H. moscovensis, H. orbignyi, H. oregonensis, H. parastatus, H. paronai, H. proclivus, H. regulusanus, H. sabinal, H. scutiger, H. sibiricus, H. stella (syn. H. tamulicus, H. punctatus, H. incrassatus, H. rutoti, H. hawkinsi, H. madagascariensis, H. (Integraster) garumnicus, H. garumnicus, Trachyaster spissus), H. texanus (syn. H. americanus), H. ungula, H. welleri, H. wetherbyi (syn. H. bexari, H. benhurensis, H. lacunosus), H. zululandensis
Species lacking formal opinion data