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Gryposaurus
Taxonomy
Gryposaurus was named by Lambe (1914).
It was synonymized subjectively with Kritosaurus by Matthew (1915), Gilmore (1916), Huene (1927), Hay (1930), Lull and Wright (1942), Romer (1956), Vialli (1960), Tatarinov (1964), Kuhn (1964), Kuhn (1966), Romer (1966), Brambilla (1972), Hunt and Lucas (1992); it was synonymized subjectively with Hadrosaurus by Chapman and Brett-Surman (1990).
It was assigned to Trachodontinae by Parks (1920); to Trachodontidae by Lambe (1914), Lull (1924); to Gryposaurinae by Horner (1992); to Hadrosauridae by Hunt and Lucas (1993), Longrich (2008); to Kritosaurini by Prieto-Marquez (2013), Lehman et al. (2016), Cruzado-Caballero and Powell (2017), Bertozzo et al. (2017); to Hadrosaurinae by Lambe (1918), Lambe (1920), Sternberg (1936), Sternberg (1953), Sternberg (1954), Weishampel and Horner (1990), Forster and Sereno (1994), Forster (1997), Godefroit et al. (1998), Eberth et al. (2001), Horner et al. (2004), Godefroit et al. (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005), Kirkland et al. (2006), Prieto-Márquez et al. (2006), Gates et al. (2007), Gates and Sampson (2007), Godefroit et al. (2008), Pereda-Suberbiola et al. (2009), Evans et al. (2009), Cruzado-Caballero et al. (2010), Prieto-Marquez (2010), Farke and Herrero (2014), Takasaki et al. (2019); and to Saurolophinae by Prieto-Márquez (2010), Prieto-Márquez (2010), Prieto-Marquez and Salinas (2010), Prieto-Márquez and Wagner (2010), Prieto-Márquez (2012), Ramírez-Velasco et al. (2012), Campione et al. (2013), Bell (2014), Dalla Vecchia (2020).
It was synonymized subjectively with Kritosaurus by Matthew (1915), Gilmore (1916), Huene (1927), Hay (1930), Lull and Wright (1942), Romer (1956), Vialli (1960), Tatarinov (1964), Kuhn (1964), Kuhn (1966), Romer (1966), Brambilla (1972), Hunt and Lucas (1992); it was synonymized subjectively with Hadrosaurus by Chapman and Brett-Surman (1990).
It was assigned to Trachodontinae by Parks (1920); to Trachodontidae by Lambe (1914), Lull (1924); to Gryposaurinae by Horner (1992); to Hadrosauridae by Hunt and Lucas (1993), Longrich (2008); to Kritosaurini by Prieto-Marquez (2013), Lehman et al. (2016), Cruzado-Caballero and Powell (2017), Bertozzo et al. (2017); to Hadrosaurinae by Lambe (1918), Lambe (1920), Sternberg (1936), Sternberg (1953), Sternberg (1954), Weishampel and Horner (1990), Forster and Sereno (1994), Forster (1997), Godefroit et al. (1998), Eberth et al. (2001), Horner et al. (2004), Godefroit et al. (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005), Kirkland et al. (2006), Prieto-Márquez et al. (2006), Gates et al. (2007), Gates and Sampson (2007), Godefroit et al. (2008), Pereda-Suberbiola et al. (2009), Evans et al. (2009), Cruzado-Caballero et al. (2010), Prieto-Marquez (2010), Farke and Herrero (2014), Takasaki et al. (2019); and to Saurolophinae by Prieto-Márquez (2010), Prieto-Márquez (2010), Prieto-Marquez and Salinas (2010), Prieto-Márquez and Wagner (2010), Prieto-Márquez (2012), Ramírez-Velasco et al. (2012), Campione et al. (2013), Bell (2014), Dalla Vecchia (2020).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1914 | Gryposaurus Lambe p. 145 |
| 1918 | Gryposaurus Lambe p. 138 |
| 1920 | Gryposaurus Lambe pp. 67-68 |
| 1920 | Gryposaurus Parks p. 9 |
| 1924 | Gryposaurus Lull p. 272 |
| 1936 | Gryposaurus Sternberg p. 654 |
| 1953 | Gryposaurus Sternberg p. 11 |
| 1954 | Gryposaurus Sternberg p. 383 |
| 1990 | Gryposaurus Weishampel and Horner p. 556 |
| 1992 | Gryposaurus Horner p. 119 |
| 1993 | Gryposaurus Hunt and Lucas p. 80 |
| 1994 | Gryposaurus Forster and Sereno p. 25A |
| 1997 | Gryposaurus Forster p. 294 |
| 1998 | Gryposaurus Godefroit et al. p. 51 |
| 2001 | Gryposaurus Eberth et al. p. 58 |
| 2004 | Gryposaurus Godefroit et al. p. 148 fig. 6 |
| 2004 | Gryposaurus Horner et al. p. 440 |
| 2005 | Gryposaurus Ryan and Evans p. 336 |
| 2006 | Gryposaurus Kirkland et al. p. 311 fig. 13 |
| 2006 | Gryposaurus Prieto-Márquez et al. p. 938 |
| 2007 | Gryposaurus Gates and Sampson pp. 352-353 |
| 2008 | Gryposaurus Godefroit et al. p. 67 fig. 18 |
| 2008 | Gryposaurus Longrich p. 994 |
| 2009 | Gryposaurus Evans et al. p. 1316 |
| 2009 | Gryposaurus Pereda-Suberbiola et al. p. 568 fig. 6 |
| 2010 | Gryposaurus Cruzado-Caballero et al. p. 1510 fig. 4 |
| 2010 | Gryposaurus Prieto-Marquez p. 849 |
| 2010 | Gryposaurus Prieto-Marquez and Salinas p. 835 fig. 20 |
| 2010 | Gryposaurus Prieto-Márquez p. 5 fig. 2 |
| 2010 | Gryposaurus Prieto-Márquez and Wagner p. 1243 fig. 3 |
| 2012 | Gryposaurus Prieto-Márquez p. 529 fig. 14 |
| 2012 | Gryposaurus Ramírez-Velasco et al. p. 380 |
| 2013 | Gryposaurus Campione et al. p. 66 |
| 2013 | Gryposaurus Prieto-Marquez |
| 2014 | Gryposaurus Bell p. 575 |
| 2014 | Gryposaurus Farke and Herrero p. 191 |
| 2016 | Gryposaurus Lehman et al. p. 346 |
| 2017 | Gryposaurus Bertozzo et al. p. 12 |
| 2017 | Gryposaurus Cruzado-Caballero and Powell p. 12 fig. 13 |
| 2019 | Gryposaurus Takasaki et al. p. 5 |
| 2020 | Gryposaurus Dalla Vecchia p. 612 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Gryposaurus Lambe 1914
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†Gryposaurus alsatei Lehman et al. 2016
†Gryposaurus latidens Horner 1992
†Gryposaurus monumentensis Gates and Sampson 2007
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| T. A. Gates and S. D. Sampson 2007 | Hadrosaurine hadrosaurids possessing the following autapomorphies: dorsolateral
flare on the medial margin of the premaxillary lateral process; unexcavated nasal arch located anterior to the orbits; and sigmoidal nasofrontal suture characterized by a small median process of the nasal inserting between the midline of the frontals. Members of the genus also possess the following unique combination of characters: dorsoventrally deep skull; anterior process of nasal terminates along the dorsal margin of the external naris; ventral nasal process comprising approximately 25% of the ventral margin of the external nares; abbreviated circumnarial depression, extending posteriorly only as far as the lacrimal; jugal with large offset posteroventral flange, postorbital process at or near 90°, and narrow posterior process; and frontal contribution to the orbital rim. | |
| A. Prieto-Marquez 2010 | Hadrosaurid dinosaur characterized by the following autapomorphies: nasal bearing a protuberance anterior to the orbits, which is arcuate in many but not all specimens, and that rises above the level of the frontal in adults; dorsolateral flaring on the medial margin of the posteroventral process of the premaxilla; posterodorsal margin of the circumnarial depression gently incised and located dorsal to the anterior half of the lacrimal; nasofrontal suture characterized by a small median nasal process inserting between the midline of the frontals; and massive proximodorsal corner of the paroccipital process that is the thickest among hadrosaurids, with a thickness that is greater than the maximum mediolateral width of the foramen magnum (diagnosis modified from that in Horner, 1992, and Gates and Sampson, 2007). |