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Spirotropis
Taxonomy
Spirotropis was named by Sars (1878) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 1248]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Pleurotoma (Spirotropis) by Arnold (1903).
It was assigned to Pleurotoma by Arnold (1903); to Turridae by Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Durham (1944); to Clavinae by Moore (1976); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Drilliidae by Scarponi and Della Bella (2003), Bouchet et al. (2011).
It was reranked as Pleurotoma (Spirotropis) by Arnold (1903).
It was assigned to Pleurotoma by Arnold (1903); to Turridae by Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Durham (1944); to Clavinae by Moore (1976); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Drilliidae by Scarponi and Della Bella (2003), Bouchet et al. (2011).
Species
Pleurotoma (Spirotropsis) smithi, S. (Spirotropis), S. adrastia, S. agamedea, S. antigone, S. azorica, S. badensis (syn. Pleurotoma (Drillia) modiola, S. modiola, Pleurotoma modiola, Pleurotoma scalaris), S. bainbridgensis, S. calodius, S. campi, S. chrysothemis, S. confusa (syn. Pleurotoma carinata, Pleurotoma modiolum, S. monterosatoi), S. cymothoe, S. dickersoni, S. evadne, S. gramensis, S. karamanensis, S. modiolus, S. patagonica, S. polycaste, S. spinescens (syn. Drillia spinescens), S. tortonica, S. washingtonensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1878 | Spirotropis Sars p. 242 figs. pl. 17, figs 5a, 5b |
| 1903 | Pleurotoma (Spirotropis) Arnold p. 216 |
| 1931 | Spirotropis Grant, IV and Gale p. 546 |
| 1944 | Spirotropis Durham p. 182 |
| 1976 | Spirotropis Moore p. 39 |
| 2002 | Spirotropis Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Spirotropis Scarponi and Della Bella p. 25 |
| 2011 | Spirotropis Bouchet et al. p. 289 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Spirotropis Sars 1878
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†Pleurotoma (Spirotropsis) smithi Arnold 1903
Subg. †Spirotropis (Spirotropis) Sars 1878
Spirotropis adrastia Dall 1919
Spirotropis agamedea Dall 1919
Spirotropis antigone Dall 1919
†Spirotropis azorica Bouchet and Waren 1980
†Spirotropis badensis Janssen 1993
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Invalid names: Pleurotoma (Drillia) modiola Hoernes and Auinger 1891 [synonym], Pleurotoma modiola Hornes 1854 [synonym], Pleurotoma scalaris Hauer 1837 [synonym], Spirotropis modiola Strausz 1966 [synonym]
†Spirotropis bainbridgensis Durham 1944
†Spirotropis calodius Moore 1963
†Spirotropis campi Durham 1944
Spirotropis chrysothemis Dall 1919
†Spirotropis confusa Seguenza 1880
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Invalid names: Pleurotoma carinata Bivonae in Philip 1844 [synonym], Pleurotoma modiolum Locard 1897 [synonym], Spirotropis monterosatoi Bouchet and Warén 1980 [synonym]
Spirotropis cymothoe Dall 1919
†Spirotropis dickersoni Weaver 1916
Spirotropis evadne Dall 1919
†Spirotropis gramensis Janssen 1993
†Spirotropis karamanensis Janssen 1993
†Spirotropis modiolus Cristofori and Jan 1832
Spirotropis patagonica d'Orbigny 1841
Spirotropis polycaste Dall 1919
†Spirotropis tortonica Janssen 1993
†Spirotropis washingtonensis Etherington 1931
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: superf = superfamily, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ypresian to the top of the Holocene or 56.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Collections (29 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ypresian | USA (Texas) | S. claibornica (7789 83950 178054) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | S. claibornica (205520) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Washington) | S. campi (91606) | |
| Chattian | USA (Washington) | S. bainbridgensis (91615) Turris dickersoni (52380) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Oregon) | S. washingtonensis, S. calodius (39805) | |
| Burdigalian | Italy | Drillia spinescens (178108) | |
| Langhian | USA (Oregon) | S. sp. (201690) S. washingtonensis (39606 39698) | |
| Badenian | Romania | Pleurotoma spinescens (86875) | |
| Serravallian | Belgium | S. gramensis (77859 77860) | |
| Tortonian | Denmark | S. gramensis (98312) | |
| Zanclean | United Kingdom (England) | Pleurotoma carinata (84763) | |
| Zanclean | Italy | S. modiolus (71113 71131 71133 71134) S. sigmoidea (71136) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | United Kingdom (England) | Pleurotoma carinata (84759) Pleurotoma scalaris (84819) | |
| Holocene | Brazil | Drillia patagonica (72116 72118 72120 72121 72122) |