PBDB Taxon

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Turricula

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Clavatulidae

Taxonomy

Turricula was named by Schumacher (1817) [Sepkoski's age data: K Camp-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 790]. It is extant. Its type is Murex tornatus.

It was reranked as Mitra (Turricula) by Abrard (1946).

It was assigned to Gastropoda by Mansfield (1925); to Volutidae by Bohm (1926); to Mitra by Abrard (1946); to Turriculinae by MacNeil (1960), Addicott (1970), Hickman (1976), Hickman (1980), Wilson (1994); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); to Turridae by Grant, IV and Gale (1931), Olsson (1931), Turner (1938), Mukerjee (1939), Durham (1944), Harris and Palmer (1947), Adegoke (1977), Moore (1984), Squires (1999), Baluk (2003); and to Clavatulidae by Harzhauser et al. (2009).

Species

Surcula africana, Surcula andersoni, Surcula binotata (syn. Turris plicata), Surcula birmanica, Surcula clarki, Surcula coaequalis, Surcula cowlitzensis, Surcula culleni, Surcula decipiens, Surcula evermanni (syn. Turris pulchra), Surcula fairbanksi, Surcula holwayi, Surcula ingens, Surcula iravadica, Surcula karenaica, Surcula labiata, Surcula marylandica, Surcula mayi, Surcula merriami, Surcula piura, Surcula polyappellatia (syn. Drillia ornata), Surcula riomaonis, Surcula strigosa, Surcula sullana, Surcula thompsoni, Surcula washingtoniana, Surcula wateleti, T. (Crenaturricula), T. (Leptosurcula), T. (Surcula) steinbacherae, T. (Turricula), T. beanensis, T. bremertonensis, T. burroensis, T. buwaldana, T. calafia, T. cooperi, T. emerita, T. eolavinia, T. esdailei, T. excelsa, T. flammea, T. fluctuosa, T. hanguensis, T. haydeni, T. kayalensis, T. keaseyensis, T. kincaidi, T. maculosa (syn. T. burragei), T. mclellani, T. nelliae, T. nigricans, T. ochsneri (syn. Drillia wilsoni, T. libya, Surcula insulae), T. piercei, T. plutonica, T. praepromensis, T. promensis, T. rossellae, T. sethuramae, T. spuria, T. taurina, T. terryi, T. thangaensis, T. tornata, T. uvasana, T. waringi, T. washingtoniana, Turris (Surcula) rhines

Species lacking formal opinion data

T. aequa, T. andesita, T. angolensis, T. anomalocostata, T. biacuminata, T. byramensis, T. dulcia, T. fasciolata, T. gracilis, T. losariensis, T. mcnairyensis, T. polycesta, T. torelli

Synonyms

Surcula was named by Adams and Adams (1853) [Sepkoski's age data: K Sn R Sepkoski's reference number: 123]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Pleurotoma (Surcula) by Gabb (1865), Gabb (1866) and Oppenheim (1906); it was reranked as Turris (Surcula) by Gabb (1873) and Dall (1908); it was reranked as Turricula (Surcula) by Dall (1919), Covacevich and Frassinetti (1986); it was reranked as Clavatula (Surcula) by Oostingh (1935); it was synonymized subjectively with Turricula by Hendy (2007).

It was assigned to Pleurotoma by Gabb (1865), Gabb (1866) and Oppenheim (1906); to Turris by Gabb (1873) and Dall (1908); to Turritidae by Woods (1922); to Turridae by Olsson (1931); to Clavatula by Oostingh (1935); to Pleurotomidae by Vredenburg (1921), Abbass (1967); to Turricula by Dall (1919), Covacevich and Frassinetti (1986); and to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1817	Turricula Schumacher
1853	Surcula Adams and Adams
1865	Pleurotoma (Surcula) Gabb p. 183
1866	Pleurotoma (Surcula) Gabb p. 5
1873	Turris (Surcula) Gabb p. 207
1906	Pleurotoma (Surcula) Oppenheim p. 332 figs. pl. 24, figs. 26 a, b
1908	Turris (Surcula) Dall
1919	Turricula (Surcula) Dall p. 4
1921	Surcula Vredenburg p. 86
1922	Surcula Woods p. 106
1925	Turricula Mansfield p. 13
1926	Turricula Bohm p. 71
1931	Turricula Grant, IV and Gale p. 486
1931	Surcula Olsson p. 118
1931	Turricula Olsson p. 118
1935	Clavatula (Surcula) Oostingh p. 108
1938	Turricula Turner p. 70
1939	Turricula Mukerjee p. 77
1944	Turricula Durham p. 187
1946	Mitra (Turricula) Abrard p. 100
1947	Turricula Harris and Palmer p. 428
1960	Turricula MacNeil p. 108
1967	Surcula Abbass p. 120
1970	Turricula Addicott p. 129
1976	Turricula Hickman p. 33
1977	Turricula Adegoke p. 189
1980	Turricula Hickman p. 80
1984	Turricula Moore p. 24
1986	Turricula (Surcula) Covacevich and Frassinetti p. 39
1994	Turricula Wilson p. 189
1999	Turricula Squires p. 21
2002	Surcula Sepkoski
2002	Turricula Sepkoski
2003	Turricula Baluk p. 30
2009	Turricula Harzhauser et al. p. 355

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Clavatulidae	(Gray 1853)
genus	Turricula	Schumacher 1817

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Turricula Schumacher 1817

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Subg. †Turricula (Crenaturricula) Vokes 1939

†Crenaturricula crenatospira Cooper 1894

†Crenaturricula vokesi Clark and Durham 1946

†Fusiturricula (Crenaturricula) crenatospira domenginica Vokes 1939

Subg. †Turricula (Leptosurcula) Casey 1904

Subg. †Turricula (Turricula) Schumacher 1817

†Turricula (Turricula) ewekoroensis Adegoke 1977

†Turricula (Turricula) nigeriensis Adegoke 1977

†Turricula beanensis Durham 1944

†Turricula bremertonensis Durham 1944

†Turricula burroensis Nelson 1925

†Turricula buwaldana Anderson and Martin 1914

†Turricula calafia Nelson 1925

†Turricula cooperi Dickerson 1916

†Turricula emerita Hickman 1976

†Turricula eolavinia Olsson 1930

†Turricula esdailei Marwick 1926

†Turricula excelsa Bohm 1926

Turricula flammea Schumacher 1817

†Turricula fluctuosa Harris 1937

†Turricula hanguensis Cox 1930

†Turricula haydeni Cox 1930

†Turricula kayalensis Dey 1961

†Turricula keaseyensis Hickman 1976

†Turricula kincaidi Weaver 1916

Turricula maculosa Sowerby 1833

Invalid names: Turricula burragei Bartsch 1924 [synonym]

†Turricula mclellani Tegland 1933

Turricula nelliae Smith 1877

Turricula nigricans Dall 1919

†Turricula ochsneri Anderson and Martin 1914

Invalid names: Drillia wilsoni Anderson and Martin 1914 [synonym], Surcula insulae Dall and Oschner 1928 [synonym], Turricula libya Dall 1919 [synonym]

†Turricula piercei Arnold 1909

†Turricula plutonica Casey 1903

†Turricula plutonica weisbordi Harris 1937

†Turricula praepromensis Eames 1952

†Turricula promensis Vredenburg 1921

†Turricula promensis silistrensis Vredenburg 1921

†Turricula rossellae Durham 1944

†Turricula sethuramae Vredenburg 1921

†Turricula spuria Hedley 1922

†Turricula taurina Olsson 1922

†Turricula terryi Olsson 1922

†Turricula thangaensis Vredenburg 1921

Turricula tornata Dillwyn 1817

†Turricula uvasana Dickerson 1915

†Turricula waringi Nelson 1925

†Turricula washingtoniana Weaver 1912

Invalid names: Surcula Adams and Adams 1853 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

part	N	mean	minimum	maximum	median	s.d.
height	2	22.4	20.0	25.0	22.5	3.54

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilesuperf

Life habit:

epifaunalsuperf

Diet:

carnivoresuperf

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:08:14

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:08:14

Source: superf = superfamily, c = class

References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.60000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 72.2 Ma

Collections (390 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	Poland	T. sp. (28084)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (Tennessee)	T. ripleyana, T. gracilis, T. amica, T. biacuminata, T. fasciolata, T. anomalocostata, T. mcnairyensis (88357)
Middle Campanian	83.6 - 72.2	USA (California)	Turris plicata (193033)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	Poland	T. sp. (27818 27822)
Maastrichtian	72.2 - 66.0	USA (Texas)	Leptosurcula sp. (205541)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Belgium	T. hannonica, T. pauli, T. malaisei (22931)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Poland	T. johnstrupi, T. steenstrupi, T. torelli, T. ludmilae (27625)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	France	Crenaturricula sp. (20816)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Denmark	T. faxensis, T. pusilla (176994)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	Greenland	Crenaturricula sp., Surcula sp. (22943) Surcula koeneni, T. sp. n., T. three species (177724)
Danian	66.0 - 61.66	USA (Texas)	Crenaturricula minuta, T. imbricata, T. frosti, T. sp. (205466) Leptosurcula sp., Surcula sp. (84467) Surcula sp. (84468 205220)
Early/Lower Paleocene	66.0 - 61.66	USA (California)	T. waringi (192824)
Danian - Selandian	66.0 - 59.24	Egypt	Pleurotoma libyca (87000)
Early/Lower Paleocene - Middle Paleocene	66.0 - 59.24	USA (Texas)	Surcula sp. (86328)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	Austria (Salzburg)	T. steinbacherae (84335)
Paleocene	66.0 - 56.0	USA (California)	Surcula merriami (190776 190777 190780 190786) Surcula near praeattenuata, Surcula merriami (190800) T. sp., Surcula merriami, T. waringi (11117)
Middle Paleocene	61.66 - 59.24	USA (California)	T. n. sp. (192842)
Selandian	61.66 - 59.24	Greenland	Crenaturricula sp., Surcula sp., T. sp. (22944) Crenaturricula sp., T. sp. (22945)
Selandian	61.66 - 59.24	Denmark	Surcula hauniensis, Surcula johnstrupi, Surcula rosenkrantzi, Surcula torelli, Surcula fissicosta, Surcula indet. (35266 35267) Surcula hauniensis, Surcula torelli, Surcula boeggildi (51500) Surcula johnstrupi, Surcula rosenkrantzi, Surcula torelli (35263 35265) Surcula rosenkrantzi, Surcula torelli (35264)
Selandian	61.66 - 59.24	USA (California)	Surcula sp., Surcula merriami, Surcula fairbanksi (184016) T. calafia (215686) T. calafia, T. waringi (239721) T. sp. x (218672) T. sp., T. calafia, T. merriami (239601)