PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Terebra

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Terebridae

Taxonomy

Terebra was named by Bruguière (1789) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 914]. It is extant. Its type is Buccinum subulatum.

It was assigned to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); to Terebridae by Martin (1904), Woodring (1928), Mukerjee (1939), Harris and Palmer (1947), Gardner (1948), Olsson and Harbison (1953), DuBar (1958), MacNeil (1960), Olsson (1964), Olsson (1967), Woodring (1970), Addicott (1970), Ladd (1982), Squires (1984), Kensley and Pether (1986), Ward (1992), Wilson (1994), Todd (2001), Harzhauser (2004), Harzhauser (2007) and Wienrich and Janssen (2007); and to Terebrinae by Landau and Marques da Silva (2010).

Species

Myurella aiyengari, Myurella katchhensis, Myurella quettensis, Myurella reticulata, Subula (Oxymeris), T. (Acus) benthalis, T. (Acus) curvilineata, T. (Acus) curvilirata, T. (Acus) sincera, T. (Diplomeriza), T. (Fusoterebra), T. (Microtrypetes), T. (Mirula), T. (Myurella) aspera, T. (Myurella) birmanica, T. (Myurella) euglyptica, T. (Myurella) hornelli, T. (Myurella) indica, T. (Myurella) kyudawonensis, T. (Myurella) martini, T. (Myurella) myuros, T. (Myurella) oldhami, T. (Myurella) promensis, T. (Myurella) protomyuros (syn. Strioterebrum bicinctum), T. (Myurella) tipperi, T. (Myurella) trizonata, T. (Myurella) wadiai, T. (Myurellina), T. (Oreoterebra), T. (Panaterebra), T. (Paraterebra), T. (Subula) cossmanni, T. (Subula) noetlingi, T. (Terebra), T. (Triplostephanus), T. abditiva, T. aclinica, T. affinis, T. amitra, T. areolata, T. bicincta, T. bipartita, T. burckhardti, T. californica, T. canalis, T. canisaxi, T. conspersa, T. constricta, T. costaricensis, T. coxi, T. curvilineata, T. dalabeensis, T. divisurum, T. eleuthria, T. estrellana, T. gedrosiana, T. herklotsi, T. hochstetteri, T. inornata, T. insulae, T. inversa, T. jacksonensis, T. javana, T. juvenicostata, T. kilburni, T. laudata, T. lepta, T. maculata, T. martini, T. mekranica, T. modesta, T. narica, T. nebulosa, T. negritensis, T. niauensis, T. oligomitra, T. paucistriata, T. perturrita, T. petiti, T. plicifera, T. protexta, T. pumbriensis, T. scalarina, T. specillata, T. spei, T. subtessellata, T. subulata, T. succincta, T. tantula, T. texagyra, T. textilis (syn. T. exigua), T. tjidamarensis, T. travancorensis, T. undulata, T. unilineatum, T. waisiuensis, T. wattsiana

Species lacking formal opinion data

T. amabilis, T. anomala, T. atorquatum, T. aulakoessa, T. babylon, T. brassoensis, T. cingulifera, T. colume, T. denotans, T. derbyi, T. eskata, T. estaciana, T. felina, T. formosana, T. hanzawai, T. hiwanneensis, T. lucana, T. odopoia, T. orthoplicata, T. paraensis, T. peramabilis, T. psesta, T. pupiformis, T. rabdota, T. straminea, T. torquata, T. torquata, T. trinitatensis, T. vaca, T. variegata, T. xoci, T. zapotalensis

Synonyms

Myurella was named by Hinds (1844) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 158]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Terebra (Myurella) by Cossmann (1913), Dey (1961), Ladd (1982) and van den Hoek Ostende et al. (2002); it was synonymized subjectively with Terebra by Hendy (2007).

It was assigned to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Terebra by Cossmann (1913), Dey (1961), Ladd (1982) and van den Hoek Ostende et al. (2002).
Subula was named by Schumacher (1817) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi R Sepkoski's reference number: 614]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Terebra (Subula) by Vredenburg (1921); it was synonymized subjectively with Terebra by Hendy (2007).

It was assigned to Terebra by Vredenburg (1921); to Terebridae by Marasti (1973); and to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002).
Terebra (Acus) was named by Adams (1854).

It was reranked as Acus by Dall (1889); it was synonymized subjectively with Terebra by Hendy (2007).

It was assigned to Terebridae by Dall (1889); and to Terebra by Adams (1854) and Dall (1895).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1789	Terebra Bruguière
1817	Subula Schumacher
1844	Myurella Hinds
1854	Terebra (Acus) Adams
1889	Acus Dall p. 63
1895	Terebra (Acus) Dall p. 1035
1904	Terebra Martin p. 137
1913	Terebra (Myurella) Cossmann p. 13
1921	Terebra (Subula) Vredenburg p. 281
1928	Terebra Woodring p. 135
1939	Terebra Mukerjee p. 72
1947	Terebra Harris and Palmer p. 446
1948	Terebra Gardner p. 275
1953	Terebra Olsson and Harbison p. 167
1958	Terebra DuBar p. 184
1960	Terebra MacNeil p. 125
1961	Terebra (Myurella) Dey
1964	Terebra Olsson p. 75
1967	Terebra Olsson p. 12
1970	Terebra Addicott p. 124
1970	Terebra Woodring p. 403
1973	Subula Marasti p. 98
1982	Terebra Ladd p. 81
1982	Terebra (Myurella) Ladd p. 84
1984	Terebra Squires p. 39
1986	Terebra Kensley and Pether p. 197
1992	Terebra Ward p. 136
1994	Terebra Wilson p. 222
2001	Terebra Todd
2002	Myurella Sepkoski
2002	Subula Sepkoski
2002	Terebra Sepkoski
2002	Terebra (Myurella) van den Hoek Ostende et al. p. 78
2004	Terebra Harzhauser p. 142
2007	Terebra Harzhauser
2007	Terebra Wienrich and Janssen p. 725
2010	Terebra Landau and Marques da Silva p. 113

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)

Rank	Name	Author
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Terebridae	Mörch 1852
subfamily	Terebrinae	Mörch 1852
genus	Terebra	Bruguière 1789

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Terebra Bruguière 1789

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Subg. Terebra (Diplomeriza)

†Terebra (Diplomeriza) bandongensis Martin 1879

Subg. Terebra (Fusoterebra)

†Terebra (Fusoterebra) adelaidana Addicott 1970

†Terebra (Hastula) herklotsi arundinea Vredenburg 1921

Subg. Terebra (Microtrypetes) Pilbry and Lowe 1932

Subg. †Terebra (Mirula) Palmer 1942

†Mirula plicatula Lamarck 1803

†Terebra (Mirula) gabrielensis Clark and Durham 1946

Subg. Terebra (Myurellina) Bartsch 1923

†Terebra (Myurellina) hunterae Olsson 1967

Terebra (Myurellina) lindae Petuch 1987

†Terebra (Myurellina) miamica Olsson 1967

Subg. Terebra (Oreoterebra) Olsson 1967

†Terebra (Oreoterebra) dicheres Woodring 1970

Terebra (Oreoterebra) floridana Dall 1889

†Terebra (Oreoterebra) haitensis Dall 1895

Invalid names: Terebra (Oreoterebra) mauryae Olsson 1967 [synonym]

†Terebra (Oreoterebra) isaacpetiti Maury 1925

Invalid names: Terebra petiti Maury 1917 [replaced]

†Terebra (Oreoterebra) subsulcifera Brown and Pilsbry 1911

†Terebra (Oreoterebra) subsulcifera cembra Olsson 1964

Subg. Terebra (Panaterebra) Olsson 1967

†Terebra (Panaterebra) cucurrupiensis Oinomikado 1939

Terebra (Panaterebra) robusta Hinds 1844

Subg. Terebra (Paraterebra) Woodring 1928

†Terebra (Paraterebra) gabbi Dall 1895

†Terebra (Paraterebra) gabbi cucurrupiensis Oinomikado 1939

†Terebra (Paraterebra) inaequalis Sowerby 1849

†Terebra (Paraterebra) lehneri Rutsch 1934

†Terebra (Paraterebra) lepta Woodring 1928

†Terebra (Paraterebra) sulcifera Sowerby 1849

Terebra (Paraterebra) taurina Lightfoot 1786

Invalid names: Epitonium feldmanni Röding 1798 [synonym], Terebra (Paraterebra) texana Dall 1898 [synonym], Terebra flammea Dall 1898 [synonym]

Subg. Terebra (Terebra) Bruguière 1798

†Terebra (Terebra) cooperi Anderson 1905

†Terebra (Terebra) elena Pilsbry and Olsson 1941

Subg. Terebra (Triplostephanus) Dall 1908

†Terebra (Triplostephanus) jenkinsi Martin 1879

†Terebra abditiva Harris and Palmer 1947

†Terebra aclinica Olsson 1967

†Terebra affinis Gray 1834

†Terebra amitra Dall 1895

†Terebra areolata Link 1807

†Terebra bicincta Martin 1879

†Terebra bipartita Sowerby 1849

†Terebra burckhardti Hertlein and Jordan 1927

†Terebra californica Gabb 1869

†Terebra canalis Wood 1848

†Terebra canisaxi Kensley and Pether 1986

†Terebra conspersa Hinds 1844

†Terebra constricta Lea 1841

†Terebra costaricensis Olsson 1922

†Terebra coxi Dey 1961

†Terebra curvilineata Martin 1904

†Terebra curvilineata whitfieldi Martin 1904

†Terebra dalabeensis Vredenburg 1921

†Terebra divisurum Conrad 1848

†Terebra eleuthria Woodring 1928

†Terebra estrellana Olsson 1922

†Terebra gedrosiana Vredenburg 1925

†Terebra herklotsi Martin 1879

†Terebra hochstetteri Martin 1879

†Terebra inornata Whitfield 1894

†Terebra insulae Jung 1971

†Terebra inversa Nyst 1843

†Terebra jacksonensis Cooke 1926

†Terebra javana Martin 1879

†Terebra juvenicostata Brown 1905

†Terebra kilburni

†Terebra laudata Rossi de Garcia and Levy 1959

†Terebra lepta Woodring 1928

†Terebra maculata Linnaeus 1758

†Terebra martini English 1914

†Terebra mekranica Vredenburg 1925

Terebra modesta Defrance 1829

†Terebra narica Vredenburg 1925

†Terebra nebulosa Sowerby 1825

†Terebra negritensis Olsson 1930

†Terebra niauensis Troendle and Letourneux 2011

†Terebra oligomitra Dall 1895

†Terebra paucistriata Smith 1873

†Terebra perturrita Sacco 1891

Terebra petiti Kiener 1863

†Terebra plicifera Heilprin 1880

Terebra protexta Conrad 1845

†Terebra pumbriensis Olsson 1922

†Terebra scalarina Lamarck 1803

Terebra specillata Hinds 1844

†Terebra spei Brown and Pilsbry 1913

†Terebra subtessellata d'Orbigny 1852

†Terebra subtessellata oligocenica Vredenburg 1925

Terebra subulata Linnaeus 1767

†Terebra succincta Gmelin 1791

†Terebra tantula Conrad 1848

†Terebra texagyra

Terebra textilis Hinds 1844

Invalid names: Terebra exigua Deshayes 1859 [synonym]

†Terebra tjidamarensis Martin 1879

†Terebra travancorensis Dey 1961

†Terebra undulata Gray 1834

†Terebra unilineatum Conrad 1841

†Terebra waisiuensis Martin 1933

†Terebra wattsiana Cooper 1894

Invalid names: Acus Adams 1854 [synonym], Myurella Hinds 1844 [synonym], Subula Schumacher 1817 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Adult width:

10 to < 100g

Adult height:

10 to < 100g

Thickness:

intermediateg

Folds:

noneg

Ribbing:

noneg

Spines:

noneg

Internal reinforcement:

noneg

Locomotion:

actively mobilef

Life habit:

epifaunalf

Diet:

carnivoref

Vision:

limitedc

Comments:

DIMENSIONS & MORPHOLOGY: Based on ten randomly selected figured specimens.g

Created:

2009-03-16 08:57:07

Modified:

2009-03-16 13:34:28

Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004, Abbott and Dance 1986

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Holocene or 66.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.6 Ma

Collections (520 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Danian	66.0 - 61.6	USA (Texas)	T. mexia (205466)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	USA (California)	T. californica (122294 122656) T. sp. (167604) T. wattsiana (122337)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom (England)	T. plicatula (38868)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	USA (California)	T. californica (207116)
Eocene	56.0 - 33.9	USA (Massachusetts)	T. sp., T. juvenicostata (80299)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	France	T. plicatula (184107) T. scalarina (184109)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	United Kingdom (England)	Mirula plicatula (8124 8125)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	France (Yvelines)	Mirula plicatula (177970)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (California)	T. californica (166458 200853) T. sp. (202094 214593)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	USA (Texas)	T. sp. (205440 205527 205537) T. texagyra (1452 1453 2411)
Lutetian - Bartonian	47.8 - 38.0	USA (Texas)	T. texagyra (2412 2413)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Argentina	T. laudata (71616)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Indonesia	T. herklotsi (70102) T. nanggulanensis, T. sp. (70082)
Middle Eocene	47.8 - 37.71	Japan	T. miyarensis (41584 41585)
Lutetian - Priabonian	47.8 - 33.9	USA (Mississippi)	T. jacksonensis (1284 1285 1293 1422 1432)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	France (Oise)	T. plicatula (3494)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Mississippi)	Seila constricta, T. jacksonensis (164232) T. abditiva (232677) T. jacksonensis (90643 205526) T. texagyra (2434 2437)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	France	Hastula plicatila (78567)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Louisiana)	T. abditiva (91115) T. jacksonensis (90305) T. texagyra (92388)
Bartonian	41.3 - 38.0	USA (Alabama)	Seila constricta (205488) T. mirula, Seila constricta (205489) T. polygyra, Seila constricta (205438) T. texagyra (2416 2418 2419) T. ziga, T. mirula, T. polygyra, Seila constricta (90600)