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Modulus
Taxonomy
Modulus was named by Gray (1842) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-u R Sepkoski's reference number: 614]. It is extant. Its type is Trochus modulus.
It was assigned to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Modulidae by Fischer (1884), Gardner (1947), Ladd (1972), Petuch (1988), Wilson (1993), Todd (2001), Lozouet et al. (2001), Bouchet et al. (2005), Landau and Marques da Silva (2010).
It was assigned to Neotaenioglossa by Sepkoski (2002); and to Modulidae by Fischer (1884), Gardner (1947), Ladd (1972), Petuch (1988), Wilson (1993), Todd (2001), Lozouet et al. (2001), Bouchet et al. (2005), Landau and Marques da Silva (2010).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1842 | Modulus Gray |
| 1884 | Modulus Fischer p. 686 |
| 1947 | Modulus Gardner p. 581 |
| 1972 | Modulus Ladd p. 24 |
| 1988 | Modulus Petuch p. 151 |
| 1993 | Modulus Wilson p. 129 |
| 2001 | Modulus Lozouet et al. p. 22 |
| 2001 | Modulus Todd |
| 2002 | Modulus Sepkoski |
| 2005 | Modulus Bouchet et al. pp. 110, 248 |
| 2010 | Modulus Landau and Marques da Silva p. 16 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Modulus Gray 1842
show all | hide all
†Modulus basileus Guppy 1874
†Modulus basteroti Benoist 1874
Modulus calusa Petuch 1988
Modulus carchedonius Lamarck 1822
†Modulus tamanensis Maury 1925
†Modulus tectum Gmelin 1791
†Modulus vermeiji Landau and Marques da Silva 2010
†Modulus willcoxi Dall 1892
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Oligocene to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 33.90000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 27.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 27.3 Ma
Collections (86 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Oligocene | USA (Florida) | M. liveoakensis (80184) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Florida) | M. liveoakensis (60968) | |
| Chattian - Aquitanian | USA (Florida) | M. turbinatus (60985) | |
| Aquitanian | France | M. basteroti (74861) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Trinidad and Tobago | M. tamanensis (74925) | |
| Burdigalian | Colombia (La Guajira) | M. tamanensis (156356 156625 156795 160770) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Florida) | M. biconicus (41760 42290 42328) M. compactus (42443) M. willcoxii (42225 42250) | |
| Burdigalian | Italy | M. basteroti (178108) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Colombia | M. tamanensis (106366) | |
| Langhian | Colombia (La Guajira) | M. tamanensis (136885 156524 157858) | |
| Middle Miocene | Indonesia | M. preangerensis (63040) M. sp., M. tectum (70081) | |
| Middle Miocene | Trinidad and Tobago | M. tamanensis (74922) | |
| Tortonian | Venezuela | M. vermeiji (96470) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia (Kalimantan) | M. praeangerensis (173685) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Palau | M. preangerensis (77930) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | Trinidad and Tobago | M. sp. (61297) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (California) | M. unidens (96543 96546) | |
| Zanclean | Dominican Republic | M. modulus (74964 74965) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Florida) | M. woodringi (146875) | |
| Pliocene | Ecuador | M. cerodes (96596) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. carchedonius (41749) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Florida) | M. basileus (79958) M. woodringi (59484) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Venezuela | M. modulus (131237) M. modulus, M. carchedonius (131210 131217 131218) M. tamanensis (79710) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Jamaica | M. modulus (58522 69090) | |
| Piacenzian | Panama (Bocas) | M. sp. (135876) | |
| Piacenzian | Panama (Bocas del Toro) | M. sp. (61339) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. caloosahatcheensis (79804) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. carchedonius (41501 41539 41718) M. modulus (69029 79338 79786 79789) M. modulus, M. carchedonius (79331) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Panama | M. catenulatus, M. modulus (80304) | |
| Pleistocene | Cuba | M. modulus (66764 66775) | |
| Pleistocene | Haiti | M. floridanus (60884) | |
| Pleistocene | Dominican Republic | M. modulus (75422 75425) | |
| Pleistocene | Guam | M. tectum (77933) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. modulus (61310) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Hawaii) | M. tectum (96682) | |
| Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Hawaii) | Aplodon tectus (89294 89307) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | M. cerodes (89597) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Hawaii) | Aplodon tectus (89402) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ecuador | M. cerodes (96867) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | Jamaica | M. modulus (80407) M. modulus, M. carchedonius (80408) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Sonora) | M. disculus (44963) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Cayman Islands | M. modulus (80835 80837 80853) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | French Polynesia | M. tectum (194003) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | M. calusa (79738) M. floridanus (34269) M. modulus (69085 69087 70010 80027) M. pacei (79739) M. pacei, M. modulus, M. calusa (96538) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan | M. metcalfei (96944) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Djibouti | M. tectum (96789) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Saudi Arabia | M. tectum (192720) |