PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Ptychobela

Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Pseudomelatomidae

Taxonomy

Ptychobela was named by Thiele (1925) [m. kosnik taxon no: 8294].

It was assigned to Zonulispirinae by Wilson (1994); to Turridae by Todd (2001); and to Pseudomelatomidae by Bouchet et al. (2011).

Species

Clavus (Brachytoma) nigerrimus, Drillia (Brachytoma) annandalei, Drillia (Brachytoma) buddhaica, Drillia (Brachytoma) convexa, Drillia (Brachytoma) gautama, Drillia (Brachytoma) pinfoldi, Drillia (Brachytoma) reticulata, Drillia (Brachytoma) sarasvati, Drillia (Brachytoma) tjemoroensis, Drillia (Brachytoma) yabei

Synonyms

Brachytoma was named by Swainson (1840) [Sepkoski's age data: T Eo R Sepkoski's reference number: 614]. It is extant.

It was reranked as Drillia (Brachytoma) by Vredenburg (1921), Mukerjee (1939), Dey (1961); it was reranked as Clavus (Brachytoma) by Grant, IV and Gale (1931) and Baldi (1973); it was synonymized subjectively with Ptychobela by Bouchet et al. (2011).

It was assigned to Drillia by Vredenburg (1921), Mukerjee (1939), Dey (1961); to Clavus by Grant, IV and Gale (1931) and Baldi (1973); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Drilliinae by Hendy (2007).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1840	Brachytoma Swainson
1921	Drillia (Brachytoma) Vredenburg p. 110
1925	Ptychobela Thiele
1931	Clavus (Brachytoma) Grant, IV and Gale p. 583
1939	Drillia (Brachytoma) Mukerjee p. 80
1961	Drillia (Brachytoma) Dey
1973	Clavus (Brachytoma) Baldi p. 323
1994	Ptychobela Wilson p. 196
2001	Ptychobela Todd
2002	Brachytoma Sepkoski
2007	Brachytoma Hendy
2011	Ptychobela Bouchet et al. p. 293

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Gastropoda

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Caenogastropoda	(Cox 1959)
—	Sorbeoconcha	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
—	Hypsogastropoda	(Ponder and Lindberg 1997)
superorder	Latrogastropoda	Riedel 2000
order	Neogastropoda	Thiele 1929
superfamily	Conoidea	(Rafinesque 1815)
family	Pseudomelatomidae	(McLearn 1971)
genus	Ptychobela	Thiele 1925

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Ptychobela Thiele 1925

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Invalid names: Brachytoma Swainson 1840 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

aragonitec

Locomotion:

actively mobilesuperf

Life habit:

epifaunalsuperf

Diet:

carnivoresuperf

Vision:

limitedc

Created:

2009-09-10 08:08:14

Modified:

2009-09-10 10:08:14

Source: superf = superfamily, c = class

References: Hendy et al. 2009, Kiessling 2004

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 41.03000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 37.71 Ma

Collections (14 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Bartonian	41.03 - 37.71	Pakistan	Brachytoma sp. A (8676 183819)
Chattian	27.3 - 23.04	Myanmar	Drillia pinfoldi (76589)
Aquitanian	23.04 - 20.45	Myanmar	Drillia tjemoroensis, Drillia yabei, Drillia annandalei, Drillia buddhaica (76582 76596) Drillia tjemoroensis, Drillia yabei, Drillia annandalei, Drillia buddhaica, Drillia convexa (76593) Drillia tjemoroensis, Drillia yabei, Drillia sarasvati, Drillia annandalei, Drillia reticulata, Drillia buddhaica, Drillia gautama (76595) Drillia tjemoroensis, Drillia yabei, Drillia sarasvati, Drillia buddhaica (76584)
Early/Lower Miocene	23.04 - 15.98	India	Drillia pinfoldi (72033) Drillia tjemoroensis (76573 76574)
Tortonian	11.63 - 7.246	Denmark (Jutland)	Brachytoma obtusangula (34521)
Piacenzian	3.6 - 2.58	Japan	Brachytoma sp. (97079)
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	India (Kerala)	Brachytoma crenularis (107971)