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Clavilithes
Taxonomy
Clavilithes was named by Swainson (1840) [Sepkoski's age data: T Than R Sepkoski's reference number: 852]. It is extant.
It was reranked as Fusus (Clavilithes) by Vredenburg (1925).
It was assigned to Fusidae by Woods (1922); to Fusus by Vredenburg (1925); to Fasciolariinae by Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983); to Fasciolariidae by Oostingh (1935), Mukerjee (1939), Harris and Palmer (1947), Abbass (1967), Marasti (1973), Givens and Kennedy (1976), Adegoke (1977), Squires (1983), Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Squires (1988) and Squires and Demetrion (1992); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Fusininae by Snyder (2003).
It was reranked as Fusus (Clavilithes) by Vredenburg (1925).
It was assigned to Fusidae by Woods (1922); to Fusus by Vredenburg (1925); to Fasciolariinae by Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983); to Fasciolariidae by Oostingh (1935), Mukerjee (1939), Harris and Palmer (1947), Abbass (1967), Marasti (1973), Givens and Kennedy (1976), Adegoke (1977), Squires (1983), Squires (1984), Squires (1987), Squires (1988) and Squires and Demetrion (1992); to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002); and to Fusininae by Snyder (2003).
Species
Austrolithes bulbodes, Austrolithes incompositus, Austrolithes tateanus, C. (Clavilithes), C. (Cosmolithes), C. (Rhopalites), C. (Rhopalithes) superbus, C. (Rhopalithes) toyei, C. arakanensis, C. atahuallpai, C. burtti, C. cossmanni, C. dameriacensis, C. hagni, C. harrisi, C. harrisii, C. hubbardanus, C. incertus, C. inopinatus, C. lagunitensis, C. leilanensis, C. noae, C. noetlingi, C. pacificus, C. parisiensis, C. peruvianus, C. pozoensis, C. songoensis, C. tabulatus, C. tjaringinensis, C. tjidamarensis (syn. Strombus fusus), C. woodringi, Rhopalithes bolivarensis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1840 | Clavilithes Swainson |
| 1904 | Rhopalithes Grabau p. 135 |
| 1922 | Rhopalithes Newton p. 32 figs. 2: 9-10 |
| 1922 | Clavilithes Woods p. 97 |
| 1925 | Fusus (Clavilithes) Vredenburg |
| 1931 | Austrolithes Finlay p. 14 |
| 1935 | Clavilithes Oostingh p. 88 |
| 1939 | Clavilithes Mukerjee p. 62 |
| 1947 | Clavilithes Harris and Palmer p. 386 |
| 1967 | Clavilithes Abbass p. 92 |
| 1973 | Clavilithes (Rhopalites) Marasti p. 63 |
| 1973 | Clavilithes Marasti p. 93 |
| 1976 | Clavilithes Givens and Kennedy p. 973 |
| 1977 | Clavilithes Adegoke p. 176 |
| 1977 | Clavilithes (Rhopalithes) Adegoke p. 177 |
| 1983 | Clavilithes Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 106 |
| 1983 | Clavilithes Squires p. 359 |
| 1984 | Clavilithes Squires p. 31 |
| 1987 | Clavilithes Squires p. 41 |
| 1988 | Clavilithes Squires p. 14 |
| 1992 | Clavilithes Squires and Demetrion p. 33 |
| 1995 | Clavilithes (Rhopalithes) Pacaud and Le Renard p. 166 |
| 2002 | Austrolithes Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Clavilithes Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Rhopalites Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Clavilithes Snyder p. 21 |
| 2017 | Austrolithes Darragh p. 71 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Clavilithes Swainson 1840
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Subg. Clavilithes (Clavilithes) Swainson 1840
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†Clavilithes (Clavilithes) mozambensis Gliozzi and Malatesta 1983
†Clavilithes (Clavilithes) nilotica Abbass 1967
Subg. †Clavilithes (Rhopalites) Grabau 1904
†Clavilithes arakanensis Vredenburg 1923
†Clavilithes atahuallpai Hanna and Israelsky 1925
†Clavilithes burtti Hanna and Israelsky 1925
†Clavilithes cossmanni Vredenburg 1923
†Clavilithes dameriacensis Deshayes 1864
†Clavilithes hagni Traub 1979
†Clavilithes harrisi Woods 1922
†Clavilithes harrisii Maury 1912
†Clavilithes hubbardanus Harris 1896
†Clavilithes incertus Woods 1922
†Clavilithes inopinatus Cossmann 1903
†Clavilithes lagunitensis Olsson 1928
†Clavilithes leilanensis Vredenburg 1923
†Clavilithes noae Lamarck 1803
†Clavilithes noetlingi Vredenburg 1925
†Clavilithes pacificus Woods 1922
†Clavilithes parisiensis Mayer-Eymar 1877
†Clavilithes peruvianus Woods 1922
†Clavilithes pozoensis Olsson 1928
†Clavilithes songoensis Martin 1914
†Clavilithes tabulatus Dickerson 1913
†Clavilithes tjaringinensis Martin 1895
†Clavilithes woodringi Olsson 1928
Invalid names: Austrolithes Finlay 1931 [synonym], Rhopalithes Grabau 1904 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Danian to the top of the Late/Upper Miocene or 66.00000 to 5.33300 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.6 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 61.6 Ma
Collections (219 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danian | Poland | C. hauniensis, C. sp., Cosmolithes reticulatus (27625) | |
| Danian | USA (Texas) | C. sp. (84467) | |
| Danian | USA (Alabama) | C. hubbardanus (90604) | |
| Danian | Belgium | C. reticulatus (22931) | |
| Danian | France | Cosmolithes faxensis (20816) | |
| Danian | USA (Mississippi) | C. hubbardanus (98527) | |
| Paleocene | Austria (Salzburg) | C. hagni, C. superbus (84335) | |
| Selandian | Nigeria | C. toyei, C. oluwasanmii (7791) | |
| Selandian | USA (Alabama) | C. hubbardanus (2918) | |
| Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | C. nobilis (91761) | |
| Thanetian | Trinidad and Tobago | Clavella hubbardanus, Clavella harrisii (80170) | |
| Thanetian | Poland | C. angulatus (27018 27019) C. sp. (27020) | |
| Ypresian | Spain | C. parisiensis (75330 75342 75343 75346 75350 75356 75357 75359 75370) | |
| Ypresian | Mexico (Baja California) | C. tabulatus (5499 5506) | |
| Ypresian | Saudi Arabia (Ash Sharqiyah) | C. longaevus (42459) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Texas) | C. acus, C. parvetorbis (7788 83950) C. parvetorbis (7789 84337) | |
| Ypresian | USA (California) | Clavella tabulata (122337) C. tabulatus (177611 178718 178719 178748 178749 178750 185192 193541) | |
| Ypresian | USA (Alabama) | C. sp. (80779 80780 80785) C. sp. A (92375 98332) | |
| Ypresian | Belgium | C. maximus (77608) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | C. parisiensis (3267) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | C. penrosei (81182) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | USA (California) | C. sp. (8014) C. sp., C. tabulatus (8011) | |
| Eocene | USA (California) | Nyctilochus hornii (207112) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | Peru | C. burtti, C. pacificus (93759) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene | India | C. leilanensis (42879) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | C. maximus (3257) | |
| Lutetian | Bulgaria (Vidin) | C. noae (102295) | |
| Lutetian | USA (South Carolina) | C. abruptus (52344) C. sp., C. abruptus (32901) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | C. acus, C. parvetorbis (205520) C. chamberlaini (92219) C. chamberlaini, C. penrosei, C. sp. (205454) C. kennedyanus (90455 205421) C. kennedyanus, C. penrosei (205527) C. kennedyanus, C. penrosei, C. sp. (205496) C. kennedyanus, C. sp. (205440) C. parvetorbis (205223 205533) C. penrosei (205478) C. sp. (205436 205537) C. texanus, C. sp. (205503) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | C. penrosei (81224) | |
| Lutetian | Belgium | C. maximus (77611) | |
| Lutetian | USA (California) | C. n. sp. B, C. tabulatus (8012) C. sp. (8013 200657) C. sp., C. tabulatus (207189) C. tabulatus (5532 5542 5543 207188) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | C. britannicus, C. hantoniensis, C. contabulatus, C. scalaris, Cosmolithes uniplicatus, Rhopalithes rugoides, C. parisiensis, Rhopalithes noae (8124) C. clavetellus, C. maximus, Cosmolithes uniplicatus, C. parisiensis (8125) C. cylindricus (42108 42113) C. sp. (8047) | |
| Lutetian | France (Yvelines) | C. parisiensis (177971 177972 177975) | |
| Lutetian | France | C. laevigatus (171532) C. noae (171535) Fusus noae (184107) | |
| Middle Eocene | USA (New Jersey) | C. hercules (91758 92179 92181) C. hercules, C. paucicostatus, C. propinquus, C. samsoni, C. sp. B (91760) | |
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | C. cylindricus, C. elongatus, C. longaevus, C. scalaris (42636) C. elongatus, C. sp. (42648) C. longaevus, C. macrospira (42641) C. longaevus, C. macrospira, C. scalaris (42639) C. scalaris (42644) | |
| Bartonian | USA (North Carolina) | C. abruptus (91736) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Arkansas) | C. humerosus (92042) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Texas) | C. penrosei (205222 205429) C. penrosei, C. regexus, C. texanus (90886) C. penrosei, C. sp. (205422 205480) C. penrosei, C. texanus (205271) C. regexus (91894 92208 92212 92214) C. regexus, C. texanus (90884 92210) C. sp. (205266 205411 205425 205430 205481 205484) C. sp., C. spp., C. texanus (205410) C. sp., C. texanus (205267 205485) C. texanus (92204 92206 92207 92220 98749 98872 205477) | |
| Bartonian | Croatia | C. palareensis (124371) C. palareensis, C. noae (124309) | |
| Bartonian | Colombia | C. harrisi (88278) | |
| Bartonian | Romania | C. solanderi (101879 101884) | |
| Bartonian | France | C. scalaris, C. houdasi, C. clavellatus, C. hexacolpus, C. clavelloides, C. lamarcki, C. uniplicatus, C. noae (78567) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | C. columbaris, C. pachyleurus, C. sp. (205489) C. humerosus (3503 3505) C. kennedyanus (2443 2453 2454) C. pachyleurus, C. raphanoides, C. protextus (90600) C. penrosei (2441) C. samsoni (98355) | |
| Bartonian | Egypt | C. nilotica (2960) | |
| Bartonian | Spain | C. parisiensis (141924 142111) | |
| Bartonian | France (Oise) | C. scalaris, C. angulatus (3494) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Louisiana) | C. humerosus (3534 90305 90449 92157 92303 92304 92357 92374 100147) C. humerosus, C. sp. (205501) C. kennedyanus (44518) C. penrosei (92346) C. penrosei, C. regexus, C. texanus (98787) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Mississippi) | C. columbaris (92175 98463) C. humerosus (90471 90643 90704 91100 99628 99632 99635 99675 164232 205526 205535) C. kennedyanus (2435 2437 2449 2451 90709 91050 99671 99736 100141 205508) C. penrosei (90707) C. texanus (90887 92174) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | C. humerosus (99762) | |
| Priabonian | Italy | C. japeti, C. noae (78565) C. noae (78617) | |
| Priabonian | Romania | C. solanderi (101967 102032 102035) | |
| Priabonian | Germany (Bavaria) | C. sp. (10703) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Louisiana) | C. humerosus (92298 92300 92358) | |
| Priabonian | Peru (Piura) | C. cynosuris (55431) | |
| Priabonian | Australia (Western Australia) | Austrolithes incompositus (205816) | |
| Priabonian | USA (Arkansas) | C. humerosus (91085) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | C. elongatus, C. longaevus, C. scalaris (42640) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Peru (Piura) | C. pozoensis, C. woodringi, C. lagunitensis (88392) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Colombia (Sucre) | Rhopalithes bolivarensis (42827) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Myanmar | C. cossmanni (76602) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Australia (Victoria) | Austrolithes incompositus (71236) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Mississippi) | C. longiformis (5500) C. vicksburgensis (5779 5943) C. vicksburgensis, C. longiformis (5501 5612) | |
| Aquitanian | Myanmar | C. cossmanni (76585) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Peru | C. atahuallpai (93749) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Australia (Tasmania) | Fusus tateanus (72221) | |
| Middle Miocene | Australia (Victoria) | Fusus bulbodes (72210) | |
| Serravallian | Indonesia (West Java) | C. fennemai (179626) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia | Fusus tjidamarensis (70098) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia (Kalimantan) | C. fennemai (42224) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Indonesia (Borneo) | C. fennemai (42339) |