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Labridae
Taxonomy
Labroidei was named by Cuvier (1816). It is extant.
It was corrected as Labridae by Leidy (1873), Hay (1902), Jordan (1963), Casier (1966), Miller (1967), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Purdy et al. (2001), Dica (2002), Hanel et al. (2002), Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Bannikov (2014), Bannikov and Bellwood (2015), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Cicimurri et al. (2022), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Teleostei by Leidy (1873); to Pharyngognathi by Hay (1902); to Pharyngognathi by Jordan (1963); to Percoidea by Casier (1966), Miller (1967); to Elopiformes by Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Perciformes by Purdy et al. (2001), Hanel et al. (2002); to Percoidei by Fierstine et al. (2012); to Labroidei by Thurmond and Jones (1981), Dica (2002), Bannikov (2014), Bannikov and Bellwood (2015); and to Labriformes by Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Cicimurri et al. (2022), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
It was corrected as Labridae by Leidy (1873), Hay (1902), Jordan (1963), Casier (1966), Miller (1967), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Purdy et al. (2001), Dica (2002), Hanel et al. (2002), Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Bannikov (2014), Bannikov and Bellwood (2015), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Cicimurri et al. (2022), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
It was assigned to Teleostei by Leidy (1873); to Pharyngognathi by Hay (1902); to Pharyngognathi by Jordan (1963); to Percoidea by Casier (1966), Miller (1967); to Elopiformes by Case and Schwimmer (1988); to Perciformes by Purdy et al. (2001), Hanel et al. (2002); to Percoidei by Fierstine et al. (2012); to Labroidei by Thurmond and Jones (1981), Dica (2002), Bannikov (2014), Bannikov and Bellwood (2015); and to Labriformes by Betancur et al. (2013), Nelson et al. (2016), van der Laan (2019), Cicimurri et al. (2022), Cicimurri et al. (2025).
Subtaxa
Bellwoodilabrus, Bodianus, Cheilini, Crenilabrus, Eocoris, Hypsigenyini, Julidini, Labrichthyini, Labrinae, Labrini, Labrobolcus, Labrodon, Labrus, Malapterus, Novaculini, Nummopalatus, Paralabrus, Pharyngodopilus, Phyllopharyngodon, Platylaemus, Protautoga, Pseudocheilini, Pseudolabrini, Pseudosphaerodon, Pseudovomer, Scarini, Semicossyphus (syn. Pimelometopon), Symphodus, Taurinichthys, Trigonodon (syn. Asima, Stylodus), Trigonodontinae, Wainwrightilabrus, Zorzinilabrus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1873 | Labridae Leidy p. 346 |
| 1902 | Labridae Hay p. 400 |
| 1927 | Trigonodontidae Arambourg |
| 1963 | Pharyngopilidae Jordan p. 719 |
| 1963 | Labridae Jordan p. 721 |
| 1966 | Labridae Casier p. 223 |
| 1967 | Labridae Miller p. 225 |
| 1981 | Labridae Thurmond and Jones p. 104 |
| 1988 | Labridae Case and Schwimmer p. 299 |
| 2001 | Labridae Purdy et al. p. 177 |
| 2002 | Labridae Dica p. 42 |
| 2002 | Labridae Hanel et al. p. 776 |
| 2012 | Labridae Fierstine et al. p. 135 |
| 2013 | Labridae Betancur et al. |
| 2014 | Labridae Bannikov p. 29 |
| 2015 | Labridae Bannikov and Bellwood p. 6 |
| 2016 | Labridae Nelson et al. p. 428 |
| 2019 | Labridae van der Laan p. 81 |
| 2022 | Labridae Cicimurri et al. |
| 2025 | Labridae Cicimurri et al. p. 86 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Labridae Cuvier 1816
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G. †Bellwoodilabrus Bannikov and Carnevale 2010
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†Bellwoodilabrus landinii Bannikov and Carnevale 2010
G. Bodianus Bloch 1790
Tr. Cheilini
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G. Cheilinus Lacépède 1802
G. Epibulus Cuvier 1815
G. Oxycheilinus Gill 1862
G. Wetmorella Fowler and Bean 1928
G. †Crenilabrus Cuvier and Cloquet 1818
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†Crenilabrus eocenicus White 1926
†Crenilabrus pellegrini Arambourg 1927
†Crenilabrus retusus Casier 1966
Tr. Hypsigenyini
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G. Achoerodus Gill 1863
G. Choerodon Bleeker 1849
G. Clepticus Cuvier 1829
G. Neoodax Castelnau 1875
G. Odax Valenciennes 1840
G. Pseudodax Bleeker 1861
G. Xiphocheilus Bleeker 1857
Tr. Julidini
+
G. Anampses Quoy and Gaimard 1824
G. Gomphosus Lacépède 1801
G. Hemigymnus Thunberg 1795
G. Hologymnosus Lacépède 1801
G. Leptojulis Bleeker 1862
G. Macropharyngodon Bleeker 1862
G. Opthalmolepis Bleeker
G. Pseudocoris Bleeker 1862
G. Pseudojuloides Fowler 1949
G. Stehojulis Günther 1861
G. Thalassoma Swainson 1839
Tr. Labrichthyini
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G. Diproctacanthus Bleeker 1862
G. Labrichthys Bleeker 1854
G. Labroides Bleeker 1851
G. Labropsis Schmidt 1931
G. Larabicus Randall and Springer 1973
Tr. Labrini Russel 1988
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G. Acantholabrus Valenciennes 1839
G. Centrolabrus Günther 1861
G. Lappanella Jordan 1890
G. Tautoga Linnaeus 1758
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G. Tautogolabrus Günther 1862
G. †Labrodon Gervais 1857
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†Labrodon angustidentatus Deraniyagala 1969
†Labrodon batesfordiensis Chapman and Cudmore 1924
†Labrodon carolinensis Leidy 1856
†Labrodon confertidens Chapman and Pritchard 1907
†Labrodon multidens Münster 1846
†Labrodon stromeri Bohm 1926
G. Malapterus Gmelin 1789
Tr. Novaculini
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G. Cheilio Lacépède 1802
G. Cymolutes Günther 1861
G. Iniistius Gill 1862
G. Xyrichtys Cuvier 1814
G. †Nummopalatus Roualt 1858
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†Nummopalatus depressus Chapman and Prtichard 1907
†Nummopalatus edwardsius Roualt 1858
G. †Pharyngodopilus Cocchi 1864
Tr. Pseudolabrini
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G. Austrolabrus Steindachner 1884
G. Pictilabrus Gill 1891
G. Pseudolabrus Bleeker 1862
G. †Pseudosphaerodon Noetling 1885
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†Pseudosphaerodon antiquus Casier 1966
†Pseudosphaerodon pycnodoides White 1926
G. Semicossyphus Günther 1861 [sheepshead]
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Semicossyphus pulcher Ayres 1854
Invalid names: Pimelometopon Gill 1864 [synonym]
G. Symphodus Rafinesque 1810
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†Symphodus westneati Carnevale 2015
†Symphodus woodwardi Kramberger 1891
Invalid names: Labrinae [empty], Pharyngodopilidae Cocchi 1864 [synonym], Trigonodontidae Arambourg 1927 [synonym], Trigonodontinae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Eocene to the top of the Holocene or 56.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Collections (107 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ypresian | Italy | Eocoris bloti, Phyllopharyngodon longipinnis, Bellwoodilabrus landinii, Labrobolcus giorgioi (94830) Zorzinilabrus furcatus, Paralabrus rossiae (55239) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom | Pseudosphaerodon antiquus (215472) | |
| Ypresian | Saudi Arabia (Ash Sharqiyah) | Trigonodon laevis (42459) | |
| Ypresian | Belgium | Labrus eocaenicus, Trigonodon sp. (219001) | |
| Ypresian | United Kingdom (England) | Platylaemus colei (8050) Pseudosphaerodon antiquus (13299) | |
| Early/Lower Eocene - Middle Eocene | United Kingdom (England) | Labrus sp. (3257 3258) | |
| Lutetian | Nigeria | Crenilabrus eocenicus, Pseudosphaerodon pycnodoides, Platylaemus nigeriensis (60711) | |
| Lutetian | Ukraine | Labrus sp. (211009) | |
| Lutetian | Ukraine (Luhansk) | Labrus sp. (120885) | |
| Lutetian | United Kingdom (England) | Platylaemus sp., Platylaemus colei (41989) Platylaemus sp., Pseudosphaerodon antiquus, Platylaemus colei (41888 41992 41998) Pseudosphaerodon antiquus, Platylaemus colei (41994 41996) | |
| Lutetian - Bartonian | Antarctica (Seymour Island) | Labridae indet. (53666) | |
| Bartonian | Nigeria | Crenilabrus eocenicus, Pseudosphaerodon pycnodoides, Platylaemus nigeriensis (32905) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | Antarctica | Labridae indet. (31173) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Antarctica | Labridae indet. (186840) | |
| Priabonian | Romania | Lachnolaimus multidens (186845 186852) | |
| Priabonian | Namibia (Sperrgebiet) | Labrodon stromeri (149316) | |
| Priabonian | Barbados | Labridae indet. (205153) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | France | Labrodon sp. (69805) | |
| Rupelian | New Zealand | Labrodon confertidens (187476) | |
| Rupelian | USA (South Carolina) | Labridae indet. (60444) | |
| Oligocene - Miocene | Argentina (Chubut) | Labrodon sp. (133690) | |
| Chattian | USA (South Carolina) | Labridae indet. (97550) | |
| Chattian | Australia (Victoria) | Labrodon batesfordiensis (174143) | |
| Chattian | USA (Mississippi) | Labridae indet. (133111) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Costa Rica | Labrodon pavimentatum (187875) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Australia (Victoria) | Nummopalatus depressus (174196) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Australia (Victoria) | Labrodon sp. (51330) | |
| Miocene | USA (South Carolina) | Labrodon carolinensis (18506) | |
| Miocene | Sri Lanka | Labrodon sinhaleyus, Labrodon angustidentatus (13449) | |
| Miocene | New Zealand (South Island) | Labrodon confertidens (204227) Labrodon depressus (202913) | |
| Otaian | New Zealand (North Island) | Bodianus sp. (219517) | |
| Burdigalian | Italy | Labrodon sp., Trigonodon jugleri (70814) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Mallorca) | Labrodon pavimentatus, Labrodon sp., Trigonodon jugleri, Labrodon multidens (155253) | |
| Burdigalian | Germany | Labroidei indet. (188985) | |
| Burdigalian | South Africa (Namaqualand) | Labrodon sp. (51190) | |
| Burdigalian - Tortonian | France | Labrodon pavimentatum, Trigonodon jugleri (187577) | |
| Langhian | France | Labrodon pavimentatum, Trigonodon oweni (90354) | |
| Langhian | Sri Lanka (Puttalam) | Labrodon sinhaleyus, Labrodon angustidentatus (14149) | |
| Langhian | USA (Virginia) | Protautoga conidens (79793) | |
| Langhian | Austria | Coris sigismundi, Symphodus westneati, Wainwrightilabrus agassizi (186861) | |
| Langhian - Serravallian | France | Trigonodon sp. (154319) | |
| Badenian | Poland | Labrodon sp., Labridae indet. (162017) | |
| Badenian | Czechia (Mikulov) | Labridae indet. (161995) Labridae indet., Trigonodon jugleri (161993) | |
| Badenian | Slovakia (Bratislava) | Trigonodon sp. (161996) | |
| Serravallian | Slovakia (Bratislava) | Labridae indet. (58983) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Protautoga conidens (57114 126605 187324) Tautoga sp., Tautoga onitis (57700) | |
| Serravallian | Argentina (Entre Rios) | Protautoga longidens (55599) | |
| Sarmatian | Türkiye | Labridae indet. (56563) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | Labridae indet. (18554) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Pimelometopon sp. (13300 50069) Semicossyphus sp. (168017) | |
| Tortonian | Chile | Labrodon sp., Labridae indet., Semicossyphus sp. (221625) | |
| Tortonian | Australia (Victoria) | Labrodon confertidens (178455) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Virginia) | Protautoga conidens (152251) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Spain (Balearic Islands) | Trigonodon oweni (162714) Trigonodon oweni, Labrodon multidens (162703 162713) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Portugal | Labrodon pavimentatum, Labrodon afrioanus, Trigonodon elongatus, Labridae indet., Trigonodon oweni, Labrodon multidens (56459) | |
| Messinian | Chile (Antwerpen) | Labrodon sp., Labridae indet. (162358) | |
| Messinian | Algeria (Oran) | Trigonodon jugleri, Trigonodon oweni, Crenilabrus woodwardi, Crenilabrus pellegrini (59256) | |
| Messinian | Australia (Victoria) | Nummopalatus depressus (46167) | |
| Messinian | Chile | Labridae indet. (100171) | |
| Messinian | USA (Virginia) | Protautoga conidens (179732) | |
| Messinian | Italy | Argyreiosus minutus, Pseudovomer minutus (185692) | |
| Messinian - Zanclean | Australia (Victoria) | Labrodon sp. (154112) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | Australia (South Australia) | Labroidei indet. (50343) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Tautoga onitis (52582) | |
| Zanclean | Libya | Labridae indet. (136597) | |
| Zanclean | USA (California) | Pimelometopon sp. (50068) | |
| Pliocene | South Africa | Labrodon stromeri (74791) | |
| Pliocene | Chile | Labridae indet. (100173) | |
| Piacenzian | USA (Florida) | Lachnolaimus maximus, Halichoeres sp. (22712) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece (Crete) | Labridae indet. (207303) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | France (Alpes Maritimes) | Labrodon pavimentum, Labrus sp. (50523) | |
| Calabrian | Italy | Symphodus mediterraneus (159288) | |
| Calabrian - Middle Pleistocene | Italy (Sardinia) | Labrus bergylta, Labrus merula, Labrus sp., Coris julis (51482) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Labridae indet. (20400) | |
| Haweran - Holocene | New Zealand (North Island) | Bodianus sp. (219641) Bodianus sp., Notolabrus celidotus (219640) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Pimelometopon pulchrum (85314) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain | Labridae indet. (215694) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Pimelometopon puichrum (160361) Pimelometopon pulchrum (59063) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Spain (Vizcaya) | Labridae indet. (125319) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Spain | Labridae indet. (215661) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Mexico (Baja California) | Semicossyphus pulcher (191984) | |
| Holocene | USA (California) | Semicossyphus pulcher (239418) | |
| Holocene | Spain | Labridae indet. (215739) | |
| Holocene | Australia (New South Wales) | Achoerodus viridis, Pseudolabrus fucicola (235090) | |
| Holocene | Marshall Islands | Labridae indet., Coris sp. (194995) Labridae indet., Thalassoma sp. (194997) | |
| Holocene | Turks and Caicos Islands | Sparisoma sp., Labridae indet., Lachnolaimus maximus, Halichoeres sp. (209855) |