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Enchodus
Taxonomy
Enchodus was named by Agassiz (1835) [Sepkoski's age data: K Ceno-l T Dani Sepkoski's reference number: 915].
It was reranked as Cybium (Enchodus) by Storms (1892).
It was assigned to Sphyraenidae by Leidy (1873); to Cybium by Storms (1892); to Alepisauriformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Enchodontidae by Woodward (1901), Hay (1902), Woodward (1902), Arambourg and Joleaud (1943), Rapp (1946), Tabaste (1963), Goody (1969), Applegate (1970), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Forey et al. (2003), Shimada (2006), Shimada et al. (2006), Martin and Crame (2006), Bogan and Agnolin (2010), Fielitz and González-Rodríguez (2010), Nagrodski et al. (2012), Bice and Shimada (2016), Holloway et al. (2017), Hoganson et al. (2019), Amalfitano et al. (2020), Maisch et al. (2021), Ebersole et al. (2022), Otero and Suárez (2022), Argyriou (2022).
It was reranked as Cybium (Enchodus) by Storms (1892).
It was assigned to Sphyraenidae by Leidy (1873); to Cybium by Storms (1892); to Alepisauriformes by Sepkoski (2002); and to Enchodontidae by Woodward (1901), Hay (1902), Woodward (1902), Arambourg and Joleaud (1943), Rapp (1946), Tabaste (1963), Goody (1969), Applegate (1970), Thurmond and Jones (1981), Case and Schwimmer (1988), Forey et al. (2003), Shimada (2006), Shimada et al. (2006), Martin and Crame (2006), Bogan and Agnolin (2010), Fielitz and González-Rodríguez (2010), Nagrodski et al. (2012), Bice and Shimada (2016), Holloway et al. (2017), Hoganson et al. (2019), Amalfitano et al. (2020), Maisch et al. (2021), Ebersole et al. (2022), Otero and Suárez (2022), Argyriou (2022).
Species
Cybium (Enchodus) bleekeri, E. (Isodus), E. amicrodus, E. anceps, E. brevis, E. calliodon, E. carinatus, E. dirus, E. dolichus, E. elegans, E. faujasi, E. ferox, E. gentryi, E. gladiolus, E. gracilis, E. lamberti, E. lemonnieri, E. lewesiensis (syn. E. halocyon, E. annectens), E. longidens, E. longipectoralis, E. major, E. marchesettii, E. mecoanalis, E. oliveirai, E. oxytomus, E. parvus, E. petrosus, E. pressidens, E. recurvus, E. saevus, E. semistriatus, E. shumardi, E. subaequilateralis, E. tetraecus, E. tineidae, E. venator, E. zipapanensis, Ischyrocephalus cataphractus, Ischyrocephalus gracilis, Ischyrocephalus intermedius, Ischyrocephalus macropterus, Tetheodus pephredo
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1835 | Enchodus Agassiz p. 55 |
| 1858 | Ischyrocephalus von der Marck p. 248 |
| 1873 | Enchodus Leidy p. 347 |
| 1874 | Tetheodus Cope p. 43 |
| 1892 | Cybium (Enchodus) Storms |
| 1901 | Enchodus Woodward p. 190 |
| 1902 | Enchodus Hay p. 388 |
| 1902 | Tetheodus Hay p. 389 |
| 1902 | Enchodus Woodward p. 55 |
| 1943 | Enchodus Arambourg and Joleaud p. 48 |
| 1946 | Enchodus Rapp p. 512 |
| 1963 | Enchodus Tabaste p. 475 |
| 1969 | Enchodus Goody p. 71 |
| 1970 | Enchodus Applegate p. 421 |
| 1981 | Enchodus Thurmond and Jones p. 100 |
| 1988 | Enchodus Case and Schwimmer p. 299 |
| 2002 | Enchodus Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Enchodus Forey et al. p. 229 |
| 2006 | Enchodus Martin and Crame p. 113 |
| 2006 | Enchodus Shimada p. 169 |
| 2006 | Enchodus Shimada et al. p. 26 |
| 2010 | Enchodus Bogan and Agnolin |
| 2010 | Enchodus Fielitz and González-Rodríguez |
| 2012 | Enchodus Nagrodski et al. p. 83 |
| 2016 | Enchodus Bice and Shimada p. 187 |
| 2017 | Enchodus Holloway et al. p. 605 |
| 2019 | Enchodus Hoganson et al. p. 56 |
| 2020 | Enchodus Amalfitano et al. p. 293 |
| 2021 | Enchodus Maisch et al. p. 23 |
| 2022 | Enchodus Argyriou p. 106 |
| 2022 | Enchodus Ebersole et al. p. 391 |
| 2022 | Enchodus Otero and Suárez p. 3 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Enchodus Agassiz 1835
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†Cybium (Enchodus) bleekeri Storms 1892
†Enchodus amicrodus Stewart 1898
†Enchodus anceps Cope 1872
†Enchodus brevis Chalifa 1989
†Enchodus calliodon Cope 1872
†Enchodus carinatus Cope 1869
†Enchodus dirus Leidy 1857
†Enchodus dolichus Cope 1875
†Enchodus elegans Dartevelle and Casier 1949
†Enchodus faujasi Agassiz 1843
†Enchodus ferox Leidy 1855
†Enchodus gentryi Cope 1875
†Enchodus gladiolus Cope 1872
†Enchodus gracilis der Marck 1858
†Enchodus lamberti Arambourg and Joleaud 1943
†Enchodus lemonnieri Dello 1893
†Enchodus lewesiensis Mantell 1822
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Invalid names: Enchodus annectens Woodward 1901 [synonym], Enchodus halocyon Agassiz 1835 [synonym]
†Enchodus longidens Pictet 1850
†Enchodus longipectoralis Schaeffer 1947
†Enchodus major Davis 1887
†Enchodus marchesettii Gorjanović-Kramberger 1895
†Enchodus mecoanalis Forey et al. 2003
†Enchodus oliveirai Maury 1930
†Enchodus oxytomus Cope 1875
†Enchodus parvus Stewart 1898
†Enchodus petrosus Cope 1874
†Enchodus pressidens Cope 1889
†Enchodus recurvus Davis 1887
†Enchodus saevus Hay 1903
†Enchodus semistriatus Marsh 1869
†Enchodus shumardi Leidy 1856
†Enchodus subaequilateralis Cope 1885
†Enchodus tetraecus Cope 1875
†Enchodus tineidae Holloway et al. 2017
†Enchodus venator Arambourg 1954
†Enchodus zipapanensis Fielitz and González-Rodríguez 2010
Invalid names: Ischyrocephalus von der Marck 1858 [synonym], Tetheodus Cope 1874 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Aptian to the top of the Burdigalian or 119.57000 to 15.98000 Ma
Collections (201 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aptian - Albian | Equatorial Guinea | E. sp. (129869) | |
| Late/Upper Aptian | USA (Texas) | E. sp. (14408) | |
| Albian | USA (Texas) | E. sp. (27613) | |
| Albian - Cenomanian | Mexico (Hidalgo) | E. zipapanensis (135815) | |
| Late/Upper Albian | Brazil | E. longipectoralis (195791) | |
| Cenomanian | USA (Arkansas) | E. petrosus (223862) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Egypt (Matruh) | E. sp. A, E. sp. B (84550) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Mexico (Chiapas) | E. sp., E. sp. 2, E. sp. 1 (192074) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | USA (Utah) | E. sp. (22679) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Palestine | E. brevis (11804) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Maastrichtian | Greece (Lamia) | E. sp. (207613) | |
| Maastrichtian | USA (New Jersey) | E. ferox (26818) E. sp. (99138) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene | USA (New Jersey) | E. serrulatus, E. ferox (26819) | |
| Maastrichtian - Paleocene | USA (Arkansas) | E. sp., E. gladiolus, E. ferox (145187) | |
| Danian | Bolivia (Mizque) | E. oliveirai (13501) | |
| Thanetian | USA (New Jersey) | E. sp., E. ferox (3113) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | Saudi Arabia | E. sp. (37182) | |
| Late/Upper Paleocene - Early/Lower Eocene | India | E. sp. (91316) | |
| Bartonian | Spain | E. sp. (141924) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (New Jersey) | Phasganodus gentryi (18587) | |