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Busycon (whelk)
Taxonomy
Busycon was named by Röding (1798) [Sepkoski's age data: T Ol-l R Sepkoski's reference number: 814]. It is extant.
It was assigned to Busyconidae by Gardner (1947), Gardner (1948), Olsson and Harbison (1953), DuBar (1958), Olsson (1967); to Melongenidae by Ward and Blackwelder (1987); to Busyconinae by Abbott (1970), Ward (1992); and to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002).
It was assigned to Busyconidae by Gardner (1947), Gardner (1948), Olsson and Harbison (1953), DuBar (1958), Olsson (1967); to Melongenidae by Ward and Blackwelder (1987); to Busyconinae by Abbott (1970), Ward (1992); and to Neogastropoda by Sepkoski (2002).
Species
B. (Busycoarctum), B. (Busycon), B. (Echinofulgur) echinatum, B. (Sinistrofulgur), B. aldrichi, B. alencasterae, B. alumense, B. atraktoides, B. carica (syn. B. rucksorum), B. contrarium, B. dasum, B. epispiniger, B. filosum, B. foerstei, B. fusiformis, B. perversum, B. radix, B. sicyoides, B. sinistrum, B. spiniger, B. tritonis, Fulguropsis feldmanni, Pyruella blountense
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1798 | Busycon Röding |
| 1947 | Busycon Gardner p. 449 |
| 1948 | Busycon Gardner p. 238 |
| 1950 | Fulguropsis Marks |
| 1953 | Busycon (Echinofulgur) Olsson and Harbison |
| 1953 | Busycon Olsson and Harbison p. 209 |
| 1958 | Busycon DuBar p. 192 |
| 1958 | Sinistrofulgur Hollister |
| 1967 | Busycon Olsson p. 31 |
| 1967 | Busycon (Echinofulgur) Olsson p. 31 |
| 1970 | Busycon Abbott p. 222 |
| 1970 | Busycon (Fulguropsis) Abbott p. 223 |
| 1982 | Pyruella Petuch |
| 1987 | Busycon Ward and Blackwelder p. 132 |
| 1992 | Busycon Ward p. 131 |
| 2002 | Busycon Sepkoski |
| 2002 | Echinofulgur Sepkoski |
| 2004 | Lindafulgur Petuch |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Busycon Röding 1798 [whelk]
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Subg. Busycon (Busycon) Röding 1798
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†Busycon (Busycon) contrarius Conrad 1840
†Busycon (Busycon) rapum Heilprin 1887
Subg. Busycon (Sinistrofulgur) Hollister 1958
†Busycon aldrichi Gardner 1947
†Busycon alencasterae Perrilliat 1963
†Busycon alumense Mansfield 1930
†Busycon atraktoides Gardner 1947
Busycon contrarium Conrad 1840
†Busycon dasum Gardner 1947
†Busycon epispiniger Gardner 1947
†Busycon filosum Conrad 1862
†Busycon foerstei Gardner 1947
†Busycon fusiformis Conrad 1840
Busycon perversum Linnaeus 1758
†Busycon radix Gardner 1947
†Busycon sicyoides Gardner 1947
Busycon sinistrum Hollister 1958
†Busycon spiniger Conrad 1865
†Busycon spiniger onslowensis Kelluk 1926
†Busycon tritonis Conrad 1863
Invalid names: Echinofulgur Olsson and Harbison 1953 [synonym], Fulguropsis Marks 1950 [synonym], Lindafulgur Petuch 2004 [synonym], Pyruella Petuch 1982 [synonym], Sinistrofulgur Hollister 1958 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, c = class | |||||
| References: Abbott and Dance 1986, Kiessling 2004, Hendy et al. 2009 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.20000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (166 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maastrichtian | USA (Texas) | Busycon sp. (7564) | |
| Selandian | Denmark | Busycon sp. (51500) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Texas) | Busycon sp. (205503 205527) | |
| Lutetian | USA (Alabama) | Busycon sp. (81209) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | Busycon sp. (205489) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Texas) | Busycon sp. (205422 205430) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Mississippi) | Busycon branneri (164232 178662) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon spiniger (71651 71652) | |
| Chattian - Aquitanian | USA (Florida) | Busycon tampaense (61070) Busycon tampaense, Busycon stellatum (60985 61051) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | India (Meghalaya) | Busycon sp. (46493) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon spiniger (41987) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Georgia) | Busycon foerstei (42212) | |
| Burdigalian | USA (Florida) | Busycon burnsii (42419 42443) Busycon radix (42482) Busycon radix, Busycon atraktoides (42682) Busycon sicyoides (41760 42225 42290 42328 42366 68971) Busycon sicyoides, Busycon epispiniger (42250) | |
| Langhian | USA (Maryland) | Busycon fusiforme (69023) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Maryland) | Busycon sp. (79104 79110) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Florida) | Busycon aldrichi (42886 42890 42891) Busycon dasum (42819 43009 43014) Busycon montforti, Busycon dasum (42692) Busycon montfortis, Busycon dasum (42870) Busycon radix (68970) Busycon sp., Busycon montforti, Busycon radix, Busycon dasum, Busycon aldrichi, Pyruella sp. (111204) Busycon sp., Busycon montforti, Busycon radix, Busycon dasum, Pyruella sp. (136943) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Maryland) | Busycon fusiforme, Fulgur fusiforme (70853) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (Virginia) | Busycon coronatum (79752) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | USA (Maryland) | Busycon fusiforme (51722 51727 59303 59304 69032) Turrifulgur fusiforme (92325) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (South Carolina) | Busycon maximum (60939) | |
| Zanclean | USA (South Carolina) | Busycon maximum, Busycon incile, Busycon contrarium (60940) | |
| Pliocene | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon sp. (79248 151326) | |
| Pliocene | USA (Virginia) | Busycon maximum, Sinistrofulgur contrarium (96535) | |
| Pliocene - Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Busycon planulatum, Busycon contrarium, Busycon rapum (41749) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon adversarius (58895) Busycon amoenum, Busycon bladenense, Busycon perversum (59309) Busycon chowanense (96537) Busycon perversum (59310) Busycon sp. (69018) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Florida) | Busycoarctum superbus, Fulguropsis radula, Lindafulgur miamiensis (79958) Busycon echinatum (79761 79765) Busycon maximum, Busycon perversum (59484) Busycon pachyus, Busycon maximum, Busycon chowanense, Echinofulgur cannoni, Busycoarctum tudiculatum, Busycoarctum sp., Fulguropsis carolinensis, Fulguropsis elongatus, Sinistrofulgur grabaui, Sinistrofulgur hollisteri, Sinistrofulgur obrapum, Sinistrofulgur contrarium, Lindafulgur lindajoyceae, Pyruella waltfrancei, Pyruella harasewychi, Pyruella laevis, Pyruella rugosicostata, Busycon filosum (79960) Busycon perversum (59486) Busycon titan, Echinofulgur dalli, Busycoarctum tropicalis, Fulguropsis excavatum, Sinistrofulgur contrarium, Pyruella demistriatum, Pyruella rugosicostata, Pyruella basingerensis (79959) Echinofulgur helenae, Pyruella federicoae, Pyruella turbinalis (79875) Echinofulgur jonesae, Pyruella schmidti, Pyruella laevis (79876) Pyruella carraheri (79874) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | USA (Virginia) | Busycon incile (78261) Busycon maximus (78266 78268 78269 78272 78273) Busycon sp. (78262 78264 78265) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Echinofulgur echinatum, Busycoarctum rapum, Fulguropsis floridanus, Sinistrofulgur caloosahatcheensis, Sinistrofulgur palmbeachensis, Pyruella planulatum, Pyruella soror (79804) | |
| Gelasian | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon aruanum (71138) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Busycon contrarium (41539 61309 79786 79787 79788 79789) Busycon contrarium, Busycon rapum (41718) Busycon duerri, Sinistrofulgur pamlico (79749) Busycon planulatum (79336) Busycon planulatum, Busycon echinatum, Busycon contrarium, Busycon rapum (79331) Busycon sp. (69029 80025) Busycon sp., Busycon contrarium, Busycon rapum (41501) Echinofulgur griffini, Fulguropsis griffini, Pyruella eismonti, Pyruella ovoidea (79782) Echinofulgur palmbeachensis, Fulguropsis elongatus, Sinistrofulgur labellensis (79805) Sinistrofulgur obrapum (35025) Sinistrofulgur yeehaw, Pyruella bladenense, Busycon rucksorum (79748) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon sp. (211182) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Busycon sp. (60944) Pyrula carica (92407) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon adversarius (58897) Busycon amoenum, Busycon bladenense, Busycon willcoxiana (59316) Busycon carica, Busycon contrarium (80034) Busycon sp. (60986 60987 60988 60989 80033) Busycon sp., Busycon contrarium (80035) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Busycon perversum (150656) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (New Jersey) | Busycon carica (66601 66612 66614 66616 66617 66622) Busycon carica, Busycon perversum (66618) Busycon perversum (66621) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon amoenum, Busycon bladenense, Busycon willcoxi (59313) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Busycon carica (7109) Busycon caricum (7108) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Delaware) | Busycon perversum (66701) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Florida) | Busycon contrarium (41705) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Busycon contrarium (61310) Busycon sp., Busycon contrarium (80046) Fulguropsis capelettii, Sinistrofulgur holeylandica, Fulguropsis feldmanni, Pyruella tomeui (79747) Sinistrofulgur contrarium (35031) Sinistrofulgur roseae (79740) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon sp. (91459 91462) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Busycon carica, Busycon perversum (34269) Busycon contrarium (41740 61311 69034 69084 69085 79731 80027) Busycon sp. (41715) Busycon sp., Busycon contrarium (69087) Sinistrofulgur sinistrum (79739) Sinistrofulgur sinistrum, Sinistrofulgur perversum (96538) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (North Carolina) | Busycon carica (66744 66749 66750 66751 69047) Busycon carica, Busycon perversum (66742) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Maryland) | Busycon carica (66706 66720 66721) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Busycon carica (66759) Busycon carica, Busycon perversum (66758 66760) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Busycon carica (20604 20606) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Busycon carica (57705 57706 69048) Busycon carica, Busycon contrarium (57702) | |
| Holocene | USA (Louisiana) | Busycon perversum (41935 92776) | |
| Holocene | USA (Massachusetts) | Pyrula carica (176525) |