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Tornoceras
Taxonomy
Tornoceras was named by Hyatt (1884) [Sepkoski's age data: D Give-l D Fame-m Sepkoski's reference number: 302,457]. It is not extant. It is the type genus of Tornoceratidae, Tornoceratinae.
It was reranked as Goniatites (Tornoceras) by Frech (1887); it was reranked as Gomimonomeroceras (Tornoceras) by Sobolew (1914).
It was assigned to Goniatites by Frech (1887); to Gomimonomeroceras by Sobolew (1914); to Goniatitida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Tornoceratinae by Korn and Klug (2002), Korn (2006), Bockwinkel et al. (2013), Bockwinkel et al. (2013), Bockwinkel and Korn (2015), Söte et al. (2021).
It was reranked as Goniatites (Tornoceras) by Frech (1887); it was reranked as Gomimonomeroceras (Tornoceras) by Sobolew (1914).
It was assigned to Goniatites by Frech (1887); to Gomimonomeroceras by Sobolew (1914); to Goniatitida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Tornoceratinae by Korn and Klug (2002), Korn (2006), Bockwinkel et al. (2013), Bockwinkel et al. (2013), Bockwinkel and Korn (2015), Söte et al. (2021).
Species
T. (Tornoceras), T. aequilobum, T. aldanense, T. amuletum, T. arcuatum, T. arkonense, T. baldisi, T. bolivianum, T. compressum, T. contractum, T. eberlei, T. edwinhalli, T. holwilli, T. hughesii, T. iowaense, T. lewinskii, T. nummularius, T. obesum, T. obliquum, T. orbicella, T. radialis, T. simplex, T. subacutum, T. sublentiforme, T. typum (syn. T. bertrandi, Gomimonomeroceras (Tornoceras) sublentiforme, Gomimonomeroceras (Tornoceras) kielcense, T. verae, T. simplex angustelobata), T. uniangulare (syn. Goniatites astarte), T. varicatum, T. whidbornei, T. whitfieldi, T. widderi, T. wunderlichi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1884 | Tornoceras Hyatt |
| 1884 | Tornoceras (Tornoceras) Hyatt |
| 1887 | Goniatites (Tornoceras) Frech |
| 1898 | Tornoceras edwinhalli Clarke p. 111 fig. 85 |
| 1914 | Gomimonomeroceras (Tornoceras) Sobolew |
| 1975 | Tornoceras (Tornoceras) Petersen p. 17 |
| 2002 | Tornoceras Korn and Klug p. 154 |
| 2002 | Tornoceras edwinhalli Korn and Klug p. 155 |
| 2002 | Tornoceras Sepkoski |
| 2006 | Tornoceras Korn |
| 2013 | Tornoceras Bockwinkel et al. |
| 2013 | Tornoceras Bockwinkel et al. p. 269 |
| 2015 | Tornoceras Bockwinkel and Korn p. 360 |
| 2021 | Tornoceras Söte et al. p. 247 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Tornoceras Hyatt 1884
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†Tornoceras aequilobum Söte et al. 2021
†Tornoceras aldanense House 1965
†Tornoceras amuletum House 1965
†Tornoceras arcuatum House 1965
†Tornoceras arkonense House 1965
†Tornoceras baldisi Leanza 1968
†Tornoceras bolivianum Kullmann 1980
†Tornoceras compressum Clarke 1899
†Tornoceras contractum Glenister 1958
†Tornoceras eberlei Sweet and Miller 1956
†Tornoceras holwilli House 2002
†Tornoceras hughesii Whidborne 1890
†Tornoceras iowaense Miller 1938
†Tornoceras lewinskii Dybczynski 1913
†Tornoceras nummularius Roemer 1843
†Tornoceras obesum Clarke 1899
†Tornoceras obliquum Perna 1914
†Tornoceras orbicella Hall 1860
†Tornoceras radialis Becker 1993
†Tornoceras simplex von Buch 1832
†Tornoceras subacutum Makowski 1991
†Tornoceras sublentiforme Sobolew 1914
†Tornoceras typum Sandberger and Sandberger 1851
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Invalid names: Gomimonomeroceras (Tornoceras) kielcense Sobolew 1914 [synonym], Gomimonomeroceras (Tornoceras) sublentiforme Sobolew 1914 [synonym], Tornoceras bertrandi Frech 1902 [synonym], Tornoceras verae Frech 1902 [synonym]
†Tornoceras varicatum Gruneberg 1925
†Tornoceras whidbornei Foord and Crick 1897
†Tornoceras whitfieldi Miller 1932
†Tornoceras widderi House 1965
†Tornoceras wunderlichi Bockwinkel and Korn 2015
Invalid names: Tornoceras (Tornoceras) Hyatt 1884 [invalid subgroup], Tornoceras edwinhalli Clarke 1898 [nomen dubium], Tornoceras simplex angustelobata Holzapfel 1895 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 14 | 10.5 | 3.52 | 40.0 | 11.2 | 11.0 | |
| shell diameter | 14 | 18.1 | 6.20 | 71.0 | 18.9 | 19.4 | |
| shell inflation | 14 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.500 | 0.001 | 0.160 |
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2003, Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Eifelian to the top of the Middle Famennian or 393.47000 to 365.20000 Ma
Collections (180 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eifelian | USA (New York) | T. sp. (83119) | |
| Middle Devonian | USA (Ohio) | T. sp. (51855) | |
| Givetian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | T. simplex (112146) | |
| Givetian | Algeria | T. arcuatum (40374 40376) T. sp. (40373 40375 40453 40454) | |
| Givetian | USA (Ohio) | T. uniagnulare (38459) T. uniangulare (38460) | |
| Givetian | USA (New York) | T. sp. (8810 8813 8814 8827 8828 8830 8924 8925 8926 8927 89731 89754 89802 89812 89813 94454) T. sp., T. uniangulare (10459) T. uniangulare (8999 9028 9029 9352 9353 9354 9355 135986) | |
| Givetian - Frasnian | Spain (Palencia) | T. sp. (40356) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | Germany | T. simplex (60183) T. sp. (189319) T. sp., T. wunderlichi (174854) | |
| Late/Upper Givetian | USA (New York) | T. uniangulare (136012) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Russian Federation | T. typum, T. contractum (170867) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Australia (Western Australia) | T. contractum (39040 39041 39049 170955) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | USA (New York) | T. arcuatum (136130 136165) T. sp. (136011 136013 136059 136062 136064 136083 136196 136197 136198) T. uniangulare (136081 136082 136085 136086) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Russian Federation (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) | T. simplex (172099) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | China (Guangxi) | T. sp. (4705) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | United Kingdom (England) | T. sp. (135984) | |
| Early/Lower Frasnian | Russian Federation (Komi Republic) | T. simplex (172093 172095 172096 172098 172100 172101 172102 172103 172106 172109) T. typum (172443 172444) | |
| Frasnian | Germany | T. sp. (145664) | |
| Frasnian | USA (Ohio) | T. uniangulare (74950) | |
| Late/Upper Devonian | United Kingdom (England) | T. sp. (640) | |
| Middle Frasnian | Russian Federation (Komi Republic) | T. contractum (172454 172464) T. simplex (172107 172110 172111 172113 172114) T. sp. (172447 172456 172457 172459) T. typum (172445 172446 172448 172450 172453 172455 172462) T. typum, T. contractum (172449 172451 172452) | |
| Middle Frasnian | USA (New York) | T. sp. (136403 136405) T. typum (136482 136486 136739) T. uniangulare (136375 136378 136396 136397 136399 136400 157638) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Western Sahara | T. simplex (209257) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | France (Alsace) | T. sp. (38675) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Australia (Western Australia) | T. clausum (170951 170967 170974 170975) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | United Kingdom (England) | Linguatornoceras holwilli, T. typum (135957) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Russian Federation (Bashkortostan) | T. simplex (172138) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Russian Federation (Komi Republic) | T. simplex (171693 172115 172116 172117 172119 172121 172123 172126 172129 172130 172132) T. sp. (172478 172489) T. typum (172468) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Kazakhstan | T. simplex (172140) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | T. aequilobum (220476) T. holwilli (220480 220482) T. holwilli, T. aequilobum (220483) T. sp., T. holwilli (220481) T. sp., T. holwilli, T. aequilobum (220479) | |
| Late/Upper Frasnian | Russian Federation (Perm) | T. simplex (172133 172134) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Australia (Western Australia) | T. simplex (39093 39098 65355 65362 65364 65365 65368 65388) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen) | T. paucistviatum, T. simplex (235121) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Germany (Rhenish Massif) | T. subundulatum, T. eifliense, T. simplex (5960) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Poland | T. sublentiforme (135716 135719) | |
| Early/Lower Famennian | Kazakhstan | T. simplex (172154) T. subundulatum (172155) | |
| Famennian | France (Alsace) | T. typum (38676) | |
| Famennian | Australia (Western Australia) | T. simplex (39072 39078 39083 39084 39085 39091 39104 39109 39110 65094 65104 65353 65356) T. simplex, T. simplex (39079) | |
| Middle Famennian | USA (Montana) | T. crebiseptum (6972 6975 6977) T. sp. (64138) | |
| Middle Famennian | Australia (Western Australia) | T. simplex (39081 39086 39105 65119) |