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Orthoceras
Taxonomy
Orthoceras was named by Breynius (1832). It is the type genus of Orthoceratinae.
It was synonymized objectively with Nodosaria by Sweet (1964).
It was assigned to Cephalopoda by Münster (1841); to Orthoceratinae by Teichert et al. (1964); to Orthoceratidae by von Mojsisovics (1882), von Mojsisovics (1896), Diener (1897), Crick (1981), Evans (1994); and to Orthocerida by Sepkoski (2002).
It was synonymized objectively with Nodosaria by Sweet (1964).
It was assigned to Cephalopoda by Münster (1841); to Orthoceratinae by Teichert et al. (1964); to Orthoceratidae by von Mojsisovics (1882), von Mojsisovics (1896), Diener (1897), Crick (1981), Evans (1994); and to Orthocerida by Sepkoski (2002).
Species
O. annulata, O. bisignatum, O. burgense, O. decrescens, O. dominans, O. elegantulum, O. eurekensis, O. expansum, O. fluminense (syn. O. bohemicum), O. geinitzi, O. gradatum, O. hulli, O. kingii, O. lentum, O. lepton, O. luhai, O. margaritatum, O. modestum, O. oehlerti, O. orientale, O. progressum, O. punjabiense, O. rachidium, O. randolphensis, O. siculum, O. spissiseptum, O. submoniliforme, O. subtriangulare, O. transversum, O. turritellum, O. vagum, O. vesiculosum, O. waageni, Orthoceratites, Orthoceros regularis
Species lacking formal opinion data
Michelinoceras bullatum, Michelinoceras ibex, Michelinoceras imbricatum, O. abruptum, O. agassizi, O. alcyon, O. alienum, O. allumettense, O. alticola, O. amoenum, O. anguliferas, O. annulatum, O. antenor, O. arcitenens, O. arcuoliratum, O. argus, O. aristides, O. bassleri, O. beltrami, O. bifoveatum, O. bokkeveldense, O. bokkeveldensis, O. bonum, O. carnosum, O. cavum, O. centrale, O. chemungense, O. clavatum, O. consolans, O. constrictum, O. costellatum, O. decipiens, O. deletum, O. dimidiatum, O. discrepans, O. dulce, O. equisetum, O. expectans, O. explorator, O. fractum, O. fusiforme, O. gamkaense, O. gaspense, O. gradatum, O. gregarium, O. importunum, O. indianense, O. kindlei, O. laevigatum, O. lamellosum, O. lativentrum, O. limulurus, O. luxum, O. mackenzicum, O. martinianum, O. minimum, O. minnesotense, O. morresi, O. multicameratum, O. multilobiatum, O. percense, O. pictum, O. planicanaliculatum, O. potens, O. proprinquum, O. rectiannulatum, O. regulara, O. regulare, O. renovatum, O. rex, O. richteri, O. sacrum, O. salutatum, O. sayi, O. scabridum, O. sollasi, O. speciosum, O. tenuilineatum, O. tenuistriatum, O. teres, O. tiro, O. trecentesium, O. trusitum, O. tyrrelli, O. virgulatum, O. winnipegense, O. woodwardi, O. wrighti, Spyroceras anellus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1771 | Orthoceros Brünnich |
| 1799 | Orthoceratites Lamarck |
| 1832 | Orthoceras Breynius |
| 1841 | Orthocera Münster p. 125 |
| 1882 | Orthoceras von Mojsisovics |
| 1896 | Orthoceras von Mojsisovics |
| 1897 | Orthoceras Diener |
| 1964 | Orthoceras Teichert et al. p. 224 |
| 1981 | Orthoceras Crick p. 228 |
| 1994 | Orthoceras Evans p. 18 |
| 2002 | Orthoceras Sepkoski |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Orthoceras Breynius 1832
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†Orthoceras annulata Sowerby 1818
†Orthoceras bisignatum Barrande 1877
†Orthoceras burgense Gemmellaro 1889
†Orthoceras decrescens de Koninck 1863
†Orthoceras dominans de Gregorio 1930
†Orthoceras elegantulum Gemmellaro 1889
†Orthoceras eurekensis Walcott 1884
†Orthoceras expansum Blake 1882
†Orthoceras geinitzi d'Orbigny 1850
†Orthoceras gradatum Gemmellaro 1889
†Orthoceras hulli Gemmellaro 1889
†Orthoceras kingii Meek 1877
†Orthoceras lentum Ruedemann 1906
†Orthoceras lepton Gemmellaro 1889
†Orthoceras luhai Stumbur 1956
†Orthoceras margaritatum Abich 1878
†Orthoceras modestum Ruedemann 1906
†Orthoceras oehlerti Gemmellaro 1889
†Orthoceras orientale Fliegel 1901
†Orthoceras progressum Ruedemann 1906
†Orthoceras punjabiense Waagen 1879
†Orthoceras rachidium de Koninck 1863
†Orthoceras randolphensis Worthen 1882
†Orthoceras siculum Gemmellaro 1889
†Orthoceras spissiseptum Dwight 1884
†Orthoceras submoniliforme Meneghini 1857
†Orthoceras subtriangulare Gemmellaro 1889
†Orthoceras transversum Abich 1878
†Orthoceras turritellum Abich 1878
†Orthoceras vagum Ruedemann 1906
†Orthoceras vesiculosum de Koninck 1863
†Orthoceras waageni Gemmellaro 1889
Invalid names: Orthoceratites Lamarck 1799 [nomen nudum], Orthoceros Brünnich 1771 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell diameter | 15 | 12.0 | 6.00 | 20.0 | 12.0 | 4.14 |
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| Source: o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Collections (498 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stairsian | USA (New York) | O. sayi, O. aristides (42799) | |
| Dawan | China (YunNan) | O. sp. (7745) | |
| Floian | Canada (Newfoundland) | O. explorator (195748) | |
| Arenig | Bolivia | O. sp. (8845) | |
| Arenig | China (Hunan) | O. sp. (7693) | |
| Middle Ordovician | Norway | O. sp. (154903) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (New York) | O. sp. (333) | |
| Chazyan | Canada (Quebec) | O. allumettense (172192 172362) | |
| Chazyan | USA (Vermont) | O. vagum, O. modestum (171795) | |
| Chazyan | Canada (Ontario) | O. allumettense (172201) O. antenor (172358) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Fassanian | Russian Federation | O. sp. (214774) | |
| Longobardian | Russian Federation | O. sp. (214786) | |
| Julian | Hungary (Bakony) | O. sp. (203717) | |
| Carnian | Italy (South Tyrol) | O. sp. (205149) | |
| Carnian | New Zealand | O. sp. (201932) | |
| Carnian | Germany | O. sp. (206036) | |
| Carnian - Norian | Nepal (Byans) | O. sp. (214671) | |
| Norian | Nepal (Byans) | O. sp. (214672) | |
| Norian | Hungary | O. sp. (73270) | |
| Norian | India | O. sp. (85471) | |