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| Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Paryphella orbicularis
Taxonomy
Cathaysia orbicularis was named by Liao (1980). Its type specimen is NIGP 43647 and is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Jiaozishan Section Bed 26 (AJ-44), Anshun County, which is in a Changhsingian offshore mudstone in China.
It was recombined as Paryphella orbicularis by Wang et al. (1982), Liao (1984), Zhan (1989), Chen (2006), Chen and Liao (2009), Chen (2009), He and Shi (2014), Zhang et al. (2015), Wu et al. (2018), Wu et al. (2019), He et al. (2019), Wu and Zhang (2020), Zhou et al. (2025).
It was recombined as Paryphella orbicularis by Wang et al. (1982), Liao (1984), Zhan (1989), Chen (2006), Chen and Liao (2009), Chen (2009), He and Shi (2014), Zhang et al. (2015), Wu et al. (2018), Wu et al. (2019), He et al. (2019), Wu and Zhang (2020), Zhou et al. (2025).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1980 | Paryphella obicularia Liao figs. Pl 1, figs 17,18 |
| 1980 | Cathaysia orbicularis Liao p. 281 figs. Pl 6, figs 1-4 |
| 1981 | Paryphella triquetra Liao |
| 1982 | Paryphella laohushanensis Wang p. 204 figs. Pl 95, fig 2 |
| 1982 | Paryphella orbicularis Wang et al. p. 205 figs. Pl 96, fig 16 |
| 1982 | Paryphella triquetra Wang et al. p. 205 figs. Pl 96, figs 14,15 |
| 1984 | Paryphella orbicularis Liao figs. Pl 2, fig 19 |
| 1984 | Paryphella triquetra Liao figs. Pl 1, fig 25 |
| 1989 | Paryphella orbicularis Zhan figs. Pl 25, fig 28 |
| 1994 | Cathaysia orbicularis Xu and Grant p. 34 figs. 19.1-19.21 |
| 2006 | Paryphella orbicularis Chen p. 312 figs. 6a-g |
| 2009 | Paryphella orbicularis Chen p. 170 |
| 2009 | Paryphella orbicularis Chen and Liao p. 328 fig. 4S |
| 2014 | Paryphella orbicularis He and Shi p. 933 figs. 14A-H |
| 2014 | Paryphella triquetra He and Shi p. 936 figs. 16A-J |
| 2015 | Paryphella orbicularis Zhang et al. p. 303 figs. 4I-R |
| 2015 | Paryphella triquetra Zhang et al. p. 304 figs. 4S-U |
| 2017 | Paryphella laohushanensis Shen et al. p. 698 |
| 2017 | Paryphella orbicularia Shen et al. p. 698 |
| 2017 | Paryphella triquetra Shen et al. p. 698 |
| 2018 | Paryphella orbicularis Wu et al. p. 349 figs. 6W-Y |
| 2019 | Paryphella orbicularis He et al. p. 91 figs. 9.16-9.18 |
| 2019 | Paryphella orbicularis Wu et al. p. 618 figs. 5N-P |
| 2019 | Paryphella triquetra Wu et al. p. 618 figs. 5P-S |
| 2020 | Paryphella orbicularis Wu and Zhang p. 873 figs. 10C-E |
| 2025 | Paryphella orbicularis Zhou et al. p. 14 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
†Paryphella orbicularis Liao 1980
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Invalid names: Paryphella laohushanensis Wang 1982 [synonym], Paryphella triquetra Liao 1981 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| shell height | 1 | 1.40 |
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, p = phylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Aberhan et al. 2004, Nesnidal et al. 2013, Williams et al. 2000 | |||||
Age range: base of the Wuchiapingian to the top of the Griesbachian or 259.51000 to 250.50000 Ma
Collections (77 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wuchiapingian | China (Sichuan) | Paryphella orbicularis (148473 148474) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guangxi) | Paryphella orbicularis (206156) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guizhou) | Cathaysia orbicularis (81341 type locality: 111989 112092 112350) Paryphella orbicularis (89321 117464 117465 145688 197012 197013 197014 197015 197016 197028 197029 197032 197034 197039 197041 197042 197043) Paryphella orbicularis, Paryphella triquetra (99630 145684 145685 145687) Paryphella triquetra (180415) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Chongqing) | Cathaysia orbicularis (149259) Paryphella orbicularis (94984) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Zhejiang) | Cathaysia orbicularis (120785) Paryphella orbicularis (43787 105215 122709) Paryphella orbicularis, Paryphella triquetra (48895 111649) Paryphella triquetra (60533) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Fujian) | Cathaysia orbicularis (120795) Paryphella laohushanensis (120079) Paryphella orbicularis (220219 220220 220221 220222) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Anhui) | Paryphella orbicularis (136860) Paryphella orbicularis, Paryphella triquetra (136866 136868) Paryphella triquetra (136867) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Guangdong) | Paryphella orbicularis (275722 275724 275725 275726 275727 275728 275729 275730 275731) | |
| Changhsingian | China (Sichuan) | Cathaysia orbicularis (50030 60472) Paryphella orbicularis (95603) | |
| Changhsingian | China | Paryphella orbicularis (221339) | |
| Changhsingian - Griesbachian | China (Zhejiang) | Paryphella orbicularis, Paryphella triquetra (111652) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Zhejiang) | Paryphella orbicularis (48900 105218 111653 112380 125731) Paryphella orbicularis, Paryphella triquetra (43788 63508) Paryphella triquetra (105217 105221) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Hunan) | Paryphella orbicularis (111971) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Anhui) | Cathaysia orbicularis (112387) Paryphella orbicularis (136872) Paryphella triquetra (112367 149197) | |
| Griesbachian | China (Chongqing) | Cathaysia orbicularis (120778) |