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Balistoidei
Taxonomy
Balistoidei was named by Kumar and Loyal (1987). It is extant.
It was assigned to Tetraodontiformes by Kumar and Loyal (1987), Tyler and Santini (2002), Santini and Tyler (2003), Schultz (2004), Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Bannikov (2014), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Tetraodontiformes by Kumar and Loyal (1987), Tyler and Santini (2002), Santini and Tyler (2003), Schultz (2004), Fierstine et al. (2012), Betancur et al. (2013), Bannikov (2014), van der Laan (2019), Ebersole et al. (2019).
Subtaxa
Entered
by M. Uhen on 2009-09-21; modified by M. Clapham on 2013-10-27
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1987 | Balistoidei Kumar and Loyal |
| 2002 | Balistoidei Tyler and Santini p. 51 |
| 2003 | Balistoidei Santini and Tyler p. 603 |
| 2004 | Balistoidei Schultz p. 346 |
| 2012 | Balistoidei Fierstine et al. p. 163 |
| 2013 | Balistoidei Betancur et al. |
| 2014 | Balistoidei Bannikov p. 30 |
| 2019 | Balistoidei Ebersole et al. p. 180 |
| 2019 | Balistoidei van der Laan p. 83 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subor. Balistoidei Kumar and Loyal 1987
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Fm. Balistidae Rafinesque 1810
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G. †Acanthoderma Agassiz 1842
G. Balistes Linnaeus 1758
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†Balistes crassidens Casier 1958
†Balistes dubius Blainville 1818
†Balistes lerichei Bauzà 1949
†Balistes muensteri Schultz 2004
Balistes polylepis Steindachner 1876 [finescale triggerfish]
†Balistes procapriscus Arambourg 1927
G. †Balistomorphus Gill 1888
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†Balistomorphus orbiculatus Heer 1865
†Balistomorphus ovalis Agassiz 1842
†Balistomorphus spinosus Agassiz 1842
Invalid names: Acanthodermidae Bonaparte 1850 [synonym]
Superfm. †Moclaybalistoidea Santini and Tyler 2003
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Fm. Moclaybalistidae Santini and Tyler 2003
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Fm. Monacanthidae
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G. †Frigocanthus Sorbini and Tyler 2004
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†Frigocanthus margaritatus Sorbini and Tyler 2004
†Frigocanthus stroppanobili Sorbini and Tyler 2004
Invalid names: Balistoidea [empty], Triacanthoidea [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ypresian to the top of the Holocene or 56.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 48.07 Ma
Collections (41 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ypresian | Italy | Monacanthidae indet., Oligobalistes robustus, Moclaybalistes danekrus, Balistomorphus ovalis, Balistomorphus spinosus, Balistomorphus orbiculatus (55239) | |
| Ypresian - Lutetian | India | Ancistrodon sp. (94595) | |
| Bartonian | Russian Federation (Krasnodar) | Gornylistes prodigiosus (187028) | |
| Bartonian | USA (Alabama) | Balistidae indet. (176944) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | Russian Federation (Adygeia) | Oligobalistes robustus (105572) | |
| Rupelian | USA (Alabama) | Balistidae indet. (89610) | |
| Rupelian | Russian Federation | Triacanthoidea indet. (186469) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Costa Rica | Balistes sp. (187875) | |
| Aquitanian - Langhian | USA (North Carolina) | Aluterus sp. (48887) | |
| Burdigalian | Indonesia (South Sulawesi) | Balistes sp. (187654) | |
| Burdigalian | Spain (Mallorca) | Balistes lerichei (155253) | |
| Langhian | Mexico (Baja California) | Balistidae indet. (52183) | |
| Langhian | Austria | Balistes muensteri (210156) | |
| Middle Miocene | Japan | Aluterus shigensis (237490) | |
| Badenian | Poland | Balistes sp. (162017) | |
| Badenian | Czechia (Mikulov) | Balistes muensteri (161993) | |
| Serravallian | USA (Virginia) | Aluterus sp. (57700) | |
| Sarmatian | Austria | Balistes muensteri (70504) | |
| Tortonian | Venezuela | Balistes sp. (200110) | |
| Tortonian | Slovakia | Balistes muensteri (123209) | |
| Messinian | Algeria | Balistes procapriscus (186582) | |
| Messinian | Peru | Balistidae indet. (13079) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | Australia (South Australia) | Monacanthidae indet. (50343) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (South Carolina) | Aluterus sp. (212232) | |
| Zanclean | USA (Florida) | Balistes sp. (46369) | |
| Zanclean | South Africa | Balistidae indet. (100313) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Aluterus sp. (52582) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Greece (Crete) | Frigocanthus stroppanobili (207302) | |
| Piacenzian | Peru | Aluterus sp. (219106) | |
| Piacenzian | Greece (Crete) | Monacanthidae indet. (207303) | |
| Piacenzian | Italy | Monacanthidae indet. (210258) | |
| Piacenzian - Gelasian | Italy | Monacanthidae indet. (57058) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | Aluterus sp. (188304) | |
| Calabrian | USA (Florida) | Balistes sp. (20400) | |
| Calabrian | Peru (Ica) | Aluterus sp. (219059 219104) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Balistes sp. (20604) | |
| Holocene | Turks and Caicos Islands | Balistidae indet. (209855) | |
| Holocene | Australia (New South Wales) | Monacanthidae indet. (235090) | |
| Holocene | Marshall Islands | Balistidae indet. (194995 194999) |