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Eleutherozoa
Taxonomy
Eleutherozoa was named by Bell (1891). It is extant.
It was assigned to Echinodermata by Bell (1891).
It was assigned to Echinodermata by Bell (1891).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1891 | Eleutherozoa Bell |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Subph. Eleutherozoa Bell 1891
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Unr. Asterozoa von Zittel 1895
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Cl. Asteroidea de Blainville 1830 [sea star]
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Subcl. Ambuloasteroidea Blake and Hagdorn 2003
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Fm. †Calliasterellidae Schöndorf 1910
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G. †Calliasterella Schuchert 1914
Invalid names: Arthrasterinae Spencer 1918 [empty]
Fm. †Compsasteridae Schuchert 1915
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G. †Compsaster Worthen and Miller 1883
G. †Schlueteraster Lehmann 1957
Infracl. Neoasteroidea Gale 1987
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Superor. Forcipulatacea Blake 1987
Fm. †Migmasteridae Gale 2011
Superor. Surculifera Gale 1987
Superor. Valvatacea McKnight 1975
Invalid names: Henricia venturana Durham and Roberts 1948 [nomen dubium], Pentasteria (Archastropecten) hastingiae Forbes 1848 [nomen dubium]
Or. Cryptozonia Sladen 1889
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Superfm. †Palaeosolasteracea Schuchert 1915
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Invalid names: Palaeosolasteridae Schuchert 1915 [empty]
Invalid names: Stenasteracea Schuchert 1915 [empty], Urasterellacea Schuchert 1915 [empty]
Or. †Euaxosida Blake 2018
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Fm. †Helianthasteridae Owen 1965
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G. †Arkonaster Kesling 1982
G. †Helianthaster Roemer 1864
Invalid names: Helianthasterinae Gregory 1899 [empty]
Fm. †Lepidasteridae Gregory 1899
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G. †Lepidactis Spencer 1918
G. †Lepidaster Forbes 1850
G. †Michiganaster Kesling 1971
Fm. †Mesopalaeasteridae Schuchert 1915
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G. †Coccaster Spencer 1916
G. †Macroporaster Raymond 1921
G. †Medinaster Eckert 1984
G. †Mesopalaeaster Schuchert 1914
Subfm. †Mesopalaeasterinae Schuchert 1915
Invalid names: Lepidactininae Spencer 1918 [empty]
Fm. †Palasterinidae Gregory 1899
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G. †Aerliceaster Blake et al. 2020
G. †Estoniaster Blake and Rozhnov 2007
G. †Eukrinaster Blake et al. 2007
G. †Jugiaster Blake 2007
G. †Kolataster Blake et al. 2020
G. †Palaeosolaster Stürtz 1899
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Invalid names: Echinasterias Stürtz 1899 [synonym], Echinodiscus Stürtz 1899 [synonym], Echinostella Stürtz 1899 [synonym]
G. †Palasterina McCoy 1851
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Invalid names: Hisingeraster Stürtz 1899 [synonym], Lindstromaster Gregory 1899 [synonym], Pseudopalasterina Stürtz 1890 [synonym]
G. †Stibaraster Blake and Guensburg 1993
Fm. †Platanasteridae Spencer 1919
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G. †Lanthanaster Branstrator 1972
G. †Phyrtosaster Blake 2007
G. †Platanaster Spencer 1919
Invalid names: Palasteriscidae Gregory 1900 [synonym]
Or. †Hadrosida Blake 2018
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Fm. †Hudsonasteridae Schuchert 1914
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G. †Arceoaster Blake and Sprinkle 2021
G. †Doliaster Herringshaw et al. 2007
G. †Girvanaster Spencer 1916
G. †Hudsonaster Stürtz 1899
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Invalid names: Belaster Spencer 1916 [synonym], Protopalaeaster Hudson 1912 [synonym]
Invalid names: Coccasterinae Spencer and Wright 1966 [empty], Hudsonasterinae Schuchert 1914 [empty], Protopalaeasteridae Kesling 1962 [synonym], Silurasterinae Spencer and Wright 1966 [empty]
Fm. †Palaeasteridae Miller 1889
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G. †Archasterina Lehmann 1957
G. †Argaster Hall 1868
G. †Australaster Schuchert 1914
G. †Baliactis Spencer 1922
G. †Eostella Lehmann 1957
G. †Eriaster Blake and Guensburg 2005
G. †Gordonaster Blake and Ettensohn 2009
G. †Kyraster Lehmann 1957
G. †Leioactis Lehmann 1957
G. †Neopalaeaster Schuchert 1914
G. †Palaeactis Lehmann 1957
G. †Palaeaster Hall 1852
G. †Sertulaster Blake and Koniecki 2019
Fm. †Promopalaeasteridae Schuchert 1915
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Invalid names: Anorthasterinae Schuchert 1915 [empty], Promopalaeasterinae Schuchert 1915 [empty]
G. †Spaniaster Schöndorf 1907
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†Spaniaster latiscutatus Sandberger and Sandberger 1855
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Invalid names: Xenaster simplex Simonovitsch 1871 [synonym]
Fm. †Urasterellidae Schuchert 1914
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G. †Anthroosasterias Blake 2017
G. †Bohemaster Jaekel 1923
G. †Meturaster Blake et al. 2016
G. †Pegoasterella Blake and Koniecki 2020
G. †Salteraster Stürtz 1893
G. †Staurasterias Blake 2017
G. †Ulrichaster Spencer 1950
G. †Urasterella McCoy 1851
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Invalid names: Palasteracanthion Stürtz 1886 [synonym], Phillipaster Spencer 1950 [synonym], Protasteracanthion Stürtz 1886 [synonym], Roemeraster Stürtz 1886 [synonym]
Fm. †Xenasteridae Gregory 1899
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G. †Agalmaster Schöndorf 1909
G. †Devonaster Schuchert 1914
G. †Eifelaster Schöndorf 1909
G. †Palaenectria Stürtz 1893
G. †Palaeostella Stürtz 1890
G. †Rhenaster Schöndorf 1909
G. †Trimeraster Schöndorf 1909
G. †Xenaster Simonovitsch 1871
Or. †Hemizonida Spencer 1951
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Fm. †Taeniactinidae Spencer 1927
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Subfm. †Protactininae Spencer 1927
Invalid names: Calyptactininae Spencer 1930 [empty], Taeniactininae Spencer 1927 [empty]
Invalid names: Gnathasterina Spencer 1951 [synonym], Lepyriactinidae Spencer and Wright 1966 [empty]
Or. †Kermasida Blake 2018
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Fm. †Monasteridae Schuchert 1915
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Fm. †Permasteridae Blake 2018
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G. †Ambigaster Blake and Elliott 2003
G. †Delicaster Blake and Elliott 2003
G. †Emphereaster Blake and Elliott 2003
G. †Permaster Kesling 1969
G. †Lepidasterella Schuchert 1914
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†Lepidasterella babcocki Schuchert 1915
†Lepidasterella montanensis Welsh 1984
Or. †Phanerozoma
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Invalid names: Atheneidae [empty], Pentacerotidae [empty], Pentagonasteridae [empty]
Or. Phanerozonida Sladen 1889
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Invalid names: Lepidasteracea Schuchert 1915 [empty], Palasterinacea Schuchert 1915 [empty]
G. Pleuraster Agassiz 1836
Or. †Pustulosida Spencer 1951
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Invalid names: Bimarginalina Kesling 1969 [empty], Palaeasteraceae Miller 1889 [empty]
G. †Yarravaster Spencer 1950
Invalid names: Arthrasteridae Spencer 1918 [empty], Euasteroidea Sladen 1889 [empty], Neopalaeasteridae Schuchert 1915 [empty], Schuchertiidae Schuchert 1915 [empty], Spinulosacea Blake 1987 [empty]
Fm. †Falloasteridae Blake et al. 2019
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Cl. Ophiuroidea Gray 1840 [brittle star]
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G. †Ataxaster Jaekel 1903
G. †Calclyra Frizzell and Exline 1955
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†Calclyra carbonica Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Calclyra eiseliana Spandel 1898
†Calclyra gracilis Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Calclyra spathulata Wernlund 1977
†Calclyra spinata Wernlund 1977
†Calclyra triangulata Wernlund 1977
G. †Calyptactis Spencer 1930
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†Calyptactis perarmatus Whidborne 1896
†Calyptactis spinosus Spencer 1930
Fm. †Cheiropterasteridae Spencer 1934
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G. †Hexuraster Jell and Theron 1999
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†Hexuraster weitzi Spencer 1950
Invalid names: Hexura Spencer 1950 [replaced]
Fm. †Encrinasteridae Schuchert 1914
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Subfm. †Armathyrasterinae Harper and Morris 1978
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G. †Armathyraster Harper and Morris 1978
G. †Mausoleaster Jell and Holloway 1983
G. †Encrinaster Haekel 1866
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†Encrinaster arnoldi Goldfuss 1848
†Encrinaster eifelensis Schöndorf 1910
†Encrinaster grayae Spencer 1914
†Encrinaster hamlingi Spencer 1930
†Encrinaster laevidiscus Lehmann 1957
†Encrinaster petaloides Simonovitsch 1871
†Encrinaster pontis Clarke 1913
†Encrinaster roemeri Schöndorf 1910
†Encrinaster tischbeinianus Roemer 1864
Invalid names: Aspidosoma Goldfuss 1848 [synonym]
G. †Euzonosoma Spencer 1930
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†Euzonosoma goldfussi Schöndorf 1910
†Euzonosoma montanum Raymond 1912
†Euzonosoma orbitoides Spencer 1930
†Euzonosoma pusillum Ruedemann 1916
†Euzonosoma schmidti Schöndorf 1910
G. †Urozoma Spencer 1930
Invalid names: Aspidosomatidae Gregory 1899 [objective synonym]
Subor. Myophiurina Matsumoto 1915
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Infracl. Metophiurida Matsumoto 1913
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Superor. Euryophiurida O'Hara et al. 2017
Superor. Ophintegrida O'Hara et al. 2017
Superfm. †Ophiuricae Lehmann 1957
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G. †Ophiocapillus Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. †Ophioliassica Mostler and Krainer 1993
Or. Oegophiurida Matsumoto 1915
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Subor. †Lysophiurina Gregory 1897
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Fm. †Palaeophiuridae Gregory 1897
Fm. †Protasteridae Miller 1889
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Invalid names: Palaeophiomyxidae Stürtz 1899 [synonym], Taeniasteridae Gregory 1899 [synonym]
Invalid names: Ophioencrinasteriae Stürtz 1899 [synonym], Ophiurasteriae Schöndorf 1910 [synonym]
G. †Ophiaulaxoides Yang and Nie 1982
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†Ophiaulaxoides aliensis Yang and Nie 1982
†Ophiaulaxoides bijieensis Feng 1985
†Ophiaulaxoides paraliensis Yang and Nie 1982
G. †Ophiurella Agassiz 1836
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†Ophiurella bispinosa d'Orbigny 1850
†Ophiurella speciosa Goldfuss 1833
†Ophiurella viguieri Porte 1927
Or. Phrynophiurida Matsumoto 1915
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Subor. Euryalina Lamarck 1816
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Fm. †Eospondylidae Spencer and Wright 1966
Fm. †Onychasteridae Miller 1889
Invalid names: Asteroschematidae Verrill 1899 [empty]
Fm. Trichasteridae Döderlein 1911
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Invalid names: Asteronychinae Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Trichasterinae Matsumoto 1915 [empty]
Fm. †Stenasteridae Schuchert 1914
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G. †Stenaster Billings 1858
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†Stenaster confluens Trautschold 1879
†Stenaster obtusus Forbes 1848
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Invalid names: Hudsonaster batheri Schuchert 1915 [synonym], Stenaster salteri Billings 1858 [synonym], Tetraster wyvillethomsoni Nicholson and Etheridge 1880 [synonym]
Invalid names: Tetraster Nicholson and Etheridge 1880 [synonym]
Invalid names: Calclyridae Frizzell and Exline 1955 [empty], Hallasteridae Spencer 1925 [empty], Myophiuridadup Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Oegophiuridea Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Oegophiuroida Matsumoto 1915 [empty], Zygophiurae [empty]
Fm. †Phragmactinidae Spencer 1951
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Cl. †Somasteroidea Spencer 1951
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Fm. †Chinianasteridae Spencer 1951
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G. †Villebrunaster Spencer 1951
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†Villebrunaster fezouataensis Hunter and Ortega-Hernández 2021
Invalid names: Ampullaster Fell 1963 [synonym], Cantabrigiaster Hunter and Ortega-Hernández 2021 [synonym]
Invalid names: Villebrunasteridae Fell 1963 [synonym]
Invalid names: Archegonasteridae Spencer 1951 [empty]
Cl. †Stenuroidea Spencer 1951
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G. †Echinasterella Stürtz 1890
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†Echinasterella darwini Clarke 1913
†Echinasterella sladeni Stürtz 1890
Fm. †Klasmuridae Spencer 1925
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G. †Klasmura Ruedemann 1916
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G. †Pectenura Haude 1982
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†Pectenura excubitor Boczarowski 2001
†Pectenura formosa Boczarowski 2001
†Pectenura hamata Boczarowski 2001
†Pectenura horni Haude 1982
†Pectenura pecten Boczarowski 2001
†Pectenura senta Boczarowski 2001
Subor. †Proturina Spencer and Wright 1966
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Fm. †Eophiuridae Schöndorf 1910
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G. †Eophiura Jaekel 1903
G. †Haughtonaster Rilett 1971
G. †Palaeura Jaekel 1903
G. †Pradesura Spencer 1951
Fm. †Rhopalocomidae Spencer and Wright 1966
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G. †Archophiactis Spencer 1927
G. †Rhopalocoma Salter 1857
G. †Tribulosaster Dean Shackleton 2005
Invalid names: Acinetasteridae Kesling 1982 [empty]
G. †Stuertzaster Etheridge 1899
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†Stuertzaster giganteus Lehmann 1957
†Stuertzaster liquidus Boczarowski 2001
†Stuertzaster marstoni Salter 1857
†Stuertzaster spinosissimus Roemer 1864
†Stuertzaster utroquecognitus Boczarowski 2001
†Sturtzaster colvini Salter 1857
†Sturtzaster cygnipes Salter 1857
†Sturtzaster mitchelli Etheridge 1899
Invalid names: Eophiuricae Spencer 1951 [empty], Palaeuricae Spencer 1951 [empty], Scalarina Hotchkiss 1976 [empty]
Invalid names: Catervaparmasteridae Blake 2000 [empty], Eopentaroida Dean Shackleton 2005 [empty], Stelleroidea Gregory 1900 [objective synonym]
Unr. †Echinozoa von Zittel 1895
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Cl. Echinoidea Leske 1778 [sea urchin]
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Fm. †Archaeocidaridae M'Coy 1844
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G. †Archaeocidaris M'Coy 1844
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†Archaeocidaris ladina Stache 1877
†Archaeocidaris selwyni Etheridge Jr. 1892
†Archaeocidaris wartellei Mansuy 1912
Invalid names: Echinocrinus Agassiz 1841 [objective synonym]
G. Lepidocidaris Meek and Worthen 1873
G. †Nortonechinus
G. †Polytaxicidaris
G. †Silurocidaris
G. †Xenocidaris
Or. †Cassiduloidea
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G. †Neolampas Agassiz 1869
G. †Oligopodia Duncan 1889
G. †Porterpygus Baker 1983
Subcl. Cidaroidea Claus 1880
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Or. Cidaroida Claus 1880 [pencil urchin]
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Superfm. Cidaridea Gray 1825
G. †Delocidaris
Fm. †Diplocidaridae Gregory 1900
G. †Fellius
Fm. †Heterocidaridae Mortensen 1934
G. †Hirudocidaris
Superfm. Histocidaridea Kroh and Smith 2010
G. †Leurocidaris Kier 1977
G. †Menocidaris
G. †Mesodiadema Neumayr 1889
G. †Mikrocidari Döderlein 1887
G. †Minicidaris
Fm. †Miocidaridae Durham and Melville 1957
G. †Oedematocidaris
G. †Palmerius
Fm. †Paracidaridae Smith 2015
Fm. †Polycidaridae Vadet 1988
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Invalid names: Anisocidaridae Vadet 1999 [synonym], Nenoticidaridae Vadet 1988 [synonym]
G. †Prophyllacanthus
Fm. †Rhabdocidaridae Lambert 1900
Fm. †Serpianotiaridae Hagdorn 1995
Fm. †Triadotiaridae Hagdorn 1995
Fm. †Corystusidae International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2009
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Invalid names: Corystidae Foster and Philip 1978 [replaced]
Or. Echinoida Troschel 1872
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G. †Spaniocyphus Pomel 1883
G. †Trochoechinus
Invalid names: Echinoina Claus 1876 [empty]
Subcl. Euechinoidea Bronn 1860
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Superor. Acroechinoidea Smith 1981
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Or. Aspidodiadematoida Kroh and Smith 2010
Unr. Carinacea Kroh and Smith 2010
Or. Diadematoida Duncan 1889
Or. Micropygoida Kroh and Smith 2010
Fm. †Nicolleaumatidae Vadet 1999
Or. Pedinoida Mortensen 1939
Fm. †Pedinopsidae El Qot et al. 2016
Invalid names: Orthopsida Mortensen 1942 [empty]
Unr. Echinacea Claus 1876
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Or. Arbacioida Gregory 1900
G. †Besairiecidaris Lambert 1936
G. †Bramus de Gregorio 1930
Or. Camarodonta Jackson 1912
G. †Crinocidaris de Gregorio 1930
Fm. †Glyphopneustidae Smith and Wright 1993
Or. †Plesiocidaroida Duncan 1889
Superor. Stirodonta Jackson 1912
Or. Stomopneustoida Kroh and Smith 2010
Invalid names: Temnopleuroidea Mortensen 1942 [empty]
Or. Echinothurioida Claus 1880
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Fm. Echinothuriidae Thomson 1872
Fm. Kamptosomatidae Mortensen 1934
Fm. †Pelanechinidae Groom 1887
Fm. Phormosomatidae Mortensen 1934
G. †Galeroclypeus
G. †Loriolella
Fm. †Triadocidaridae Smith 1994
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G. †Levicidaris Kier 1977
G. †Megaporocidaris Kier 1977
G. †Mikrocidaris Döderlein 1887
G. †Parvicidaris Smith 1994
G. †Triadocidaris Döderlein 1887
G. †Vinchuscanchaia Smith 1994
G. †Zardinechinus Kier 1977
Invalid names: Serpianotiaroida Hagdorn 1995 [empty], Triadotiaroida Hagdorn 1995 [empty]
Subcl. †Perischoechinoidea M'Coy 1849
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Or. †Bothriocidaroida von Zittel 1879
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Fm. †Bothriocidaridae Kelm 1904
G. †Unibothriocidaris Kier 1982
Or. †Echinocystitoida Jackson 1912
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G. †Aptilechinus
G. †Cavanechinus
G. †Devonocidaris
Fm. †Echinocystitidae Gregory 1897
G. †Ledidocidaris
Fm. †Lepidesthidae Jackson 1896
G. †Tornquistellus
Invalid names: Echinocyctitidae Gregory 1897 [empty]
G. †Lanternarius Regnell 1956
Fm. †Lepidocentridae Lovén 1874
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G. †Albertechinus Stearn 1956
G. †Aulechinus
G. †Deneechinus
G. †Ectinechinus
G. †Elliptechinus Schneider et al. 2005
G. †Eothuria
G. †Kongielechinus Jesionek-Szymanska 1979
G. †Koninckocidaris
G. †Lepidechinoides Olsson 1912
G. †Lepidechinus Hall 1861
G. †Lepidocentrus Müller 1857
G. †Myriastiches
G. †Palaeodiscus Salter 1857
G. †Pholidechinus Jackson 1912
G. †Porechinus
Fm. †Proterocidaridae Smith 1984
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G. †Fournierechinus Jackson 1929
G. †Hyattechinus Jackson 1912
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†Hyattechinus anglicus Thompson and Ewin 2018
†Hyattechinus beecheri Jackson 1912
†Hyattechinus dixoni Hawkins 1935
†Hyattechinus elegans Jackson 1929
†Hyattechinus laudoni Kier 1965
†Hyattechinus pentagonus Jackson 1912
†Hyattechinus rarispinus Hall 1868
†Hyattechinus toreumaticus Hawkins 1935
G. †Jacksonechinus Lambert 1936
G. †Perischocidaris Neumary 1881
G. †Perischodomus M'Coy 1849
G. †Proterocidaris de Koninck 1882
Or. Temnopleuroida Mortensen 1942
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G. †Arbacina Pomel 1869
G. Asaphechinus
G. †Cryptechinus
G. †Gagaria Duncan 1889
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†Gagaria americana Clark and Twitchell 1915
†Gagaria chickasawhay Cooke 1941
†Gagaria crenularis Linder et al. 1988
†Gagaria mossomi Cooke 1941
†Gagaria venustula Duncan and Sladen 1884
†Thylechinus (Gagaria) salis Cooke 1941
G. †Micropsidia Pomel 1883
G. †Pentechinus
G. †Tatechinus
Invalid names: Acrosalenioida Vadet 1999 [empty], Centrechinoida Jackson [empty], Cidaris aculeata Leonardi and Lovo 1950 [nomen dubium], Cidaris aialensis Kier 1977 [nomen dubium], Cidaris alpina Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris alternata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris austriaca Desor 1858 [nomen dubium], Cidaris avena Desor 1855 [nomen dubium], Cidaris biconica Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris biformis Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris braunii Desor 1847 [nomen dubium], Cidaris buchii Münster 1833 [nomen dubium], Cidaris caudex Stoppani 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris cingulata Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris coralliophila Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris costalarensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris costata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris costeanensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris decorata Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris decoratissima von Wöhrmann 1889 [nomen dubium], Cidaris dorsata Braun 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris ecki Assmann 1926 [nomen dubium], Cidaris forminensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris fustis Laube 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris glabra Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris hausmanni Wissmann 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris lanceata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris linearis Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris milierensis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris ovata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris perplexa Desor 1855 [nomen dubium], Cidaris petersii Laube 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris plana Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris pyramidalis Leonardi and Lovo 1950 [nomen dubium], Cidaris quadrialata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris quadriserrata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris regnyi Lambert 1905 [nomen dubium], Cidaris remifera Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris remifera Assmann 1937 [nomen dubium], Cidaris reticulata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris schwageri von Wöhrmann 1889 [nomen dubium], Cidaris scrobiculata Braun 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris seelandica Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris semicostata Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris similis Desor 1855 [nomen dubium], Cidaris spinachristi Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris spongiosa Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris stipes Stoppani 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris stoppanii de Loriol 1872 [nomen dubium], Cidaris sulcata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris tenuicostata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris tetraedrica Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris trapezoidalis Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris trigona Münster 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris triserrata Laube 1865 [nomen dubium], Cidaris undulatus Quenstedt 1875 [nomen dubium], Cidaris valparolae Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris verticillata Zardini 1973 [nomen dubium], Cidaris verticillata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Cidaris waechteri Wissmann 1841 [nomen dubium], Cidaris wissmanni Desor 1847 [nomen dubium], Cidaris zardini Leonardi and Lovo 1950 [nomen dubium], Dallonia Lambert 1920 [nomen nudum], Diplocidaroida Vadet 1988 [empty], Echinopluteus Mortensen 1897 [nomen nudum], Exocycloidea [empty], Gajechinus Lambert and Thiéry 1914 [nomen nudum], Gnathostomata von Zittel 1879 [empty], Hemicidaris gracilis Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Hemicidaris obliquelineata Stoppani 1857 [nomen dubium], Oligopygoida [empty], Ombria Quenstedt 1874 [nomen nudum], Plegiocidaris senex Lambert 1900 [nomen dubium], Pleurechinus Agassiz 1841 [nomen nudum], Protocidaris de Gregorio 1930 [nomen dubium], Radiolus Auctorum [invalid subgroup], Radiolus adametzi Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus alutensis Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus antipai Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus boletus Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus complanatus Quenstedt 1875 [nomen dubium], Radiolus culter Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus festuca Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus fusus Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Radiolus herbichi Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus lineola Bather 1909 [nomen dubium], Radiolus penna Bather 1909 [nomen dubium], Radiolus racadaui Jekelius 1936 [nomen dubium], Radiolus raiblianus Bather 1909 [nomen dubium], Radiolus rostratus Korner 1937 [nomen dubium], Radiolus segmentatus Bather 1929 [nomen dubium], Vernius de Gregorio 1930 [nomen dubium]
Cl. Holothuroidea de Blainville 1834 [sea cucumber]
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Fm. †Alexandritidae Kristan-Tollmann 1964
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Or. Apodida Brandt 1835
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Fm. †Calcancoridae Frizzell and Exline 1955
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G. †Calcancoroidea Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Costigerites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Holothuriopsis Hess 1973
Fm. Myriotrochidae Théel 1877
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G. †Acanthotheelia Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Gagesiniotrochus Boczarowski 2001
G. †Hemisphaeranthos Terquem and Berthelin 1875
Unr. †Paleochiridotidae Frizzell and Exline 1966
G. †Thalattocanthus Carini 1962
G. †Trematrochus Reich 2002
G. Myriotrochus Steenstrup 1851
G. †Porachistrum Beckmann 1965
Fm. Synaptidae Burmeister 1837
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G. Calcancora Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. Chiridota Eschscholtz 1829
G. †Prosynapta Spandel 1898
G. †Pseudocaudina Broili 1926
G. †Rigaudites Frizzell and Exline 1957
G. Synapta Eschscholtz 1829
Fm. †Synaptitidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
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G. †Auricularites Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
G. †Croneisites Frizzell and Exline 1957
G. Synaptites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
Or. †Arthrochirotida Seilacher 1961
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Or. Aspidochirotida Brandt 1835
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Fm. Holothuriidae Ludwig 1894
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G. †Holothuria Linnaeus 1767
G. †Labidodemas Selenka 1867
G. †Pravuscucumis Reich 2001
G. †Protholothuria Giebel 1857
G. †Holothuropsis
G. †Ornaticannula Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
†Ornaticannula bonhourei Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Ornaticannula micralcyonarites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Ornaticannula solida Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Ornaticannula tesseyrei Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Parvispina Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
+
†Parvispina harpago Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
†Parvispina spinosa Frizzell and Exline 1955
Invalid names: Stichopodidae [empty]
Fm. †Chiridotitidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1957
+
G. †Chiridotites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Chiridotites angulatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Chiridotites atavus Waagen 1867
†Chiridotites clavatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Chiridotites curriculum Schlumberger 1890
†Chiridotites floridus Terquem and Berthelin 1875
†Chiridotites ingens Joshua 1914
†Chiridotites lanceolatus Schlumberger 1890
†Chiridotites quinquelobatus Terquem 1866
†Chiridotites terquemi Deflandre-Rigaud 1950
†Chiridotites vetustus Schwager 1865
G. †Myriotrochites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Myriotrochites gracillimus Whidborne 1883
†Myriotrochites helveticus Kübler and Zwingli 1870
†Myriotrochites operculum Schlumberger 1890
G. †Conisia
G. †Crucivirga
Or. Dactylochirotida Pawson and Fell 1965
+
Invalid names: Rhopalodinidae Theel 1886 [empty], Vaneyellidae Pawson and Fell 1965 [empty]
Or. Dendrochirotida Grube 1840
+
G. †Andenothyone
G. Binoculites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
†Binoculites barnardi Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Binoculites inclinatus Mostler 1972
†Binoculites issleri Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
†Binoculites jurassica Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Binoculites multiperforata Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Binoculites perforatus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Binoculites terquemi Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
Invalid names: Binoculites irregularis Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym], Calclamna germanica Frizzell and Exline 1955 [synonym]
†Binoculites tornatus Mostler 1972
Invalid names: Cucumariopsis Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
Fm. †Calclamnidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Calclamna Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Calclamnella Frizzell and Exline 1955
Subfm. †Calclamninae Boczarowski 2001
G. †Calclamnoidea Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. †Curvatella Mostler 1971
G. †Elgerius Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
Subfm. †Eocaudiniinae Boczarowski 2001
G. †Fissobractites Kristan-Tollmann 1963
G. †Gutschickia Mostler 1971
G. †Hamptonina Soodan and Whatley 1990
G. †Harrisina Soodan and Whatley 1990
G. †Hodsonina Soodan and Whatley 1990
G. †Jolfacaudina Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
G. †Mortensenites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
G. †Pachopsites Kristan-Tollmann 1964
G. †Paracucumarites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Parvioctoidus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Petropegia Summerson and Campbell 1958
G. †Praecaudina Mostler 1970
G. †Thuroholia Gutschick 1954
G. †Yorkshirella Soodan and Whatley 1990
Fm. †Cucumariidae
+
G. Cucumaria de Blainville 1830
Subfm. †Devonothyoninae Boczarowski 2001
Subfm. †Palaeohemioedemiinae Boczarowski 2001
G. †Paleopentacta Applegate et al. 2009
Subfm. †Staurocaudininae Boczarowski 2001
Fm. Heterothyonidae Pawson 1970
+
G. †Porosothyone Jell 2010
G. †Strobilothyone Smith and Gallemi 1991
G. †Priscoligula
G. †Priscopedatoides
Fm. Psolidae Perrier 1902
+
G. †Ceto Gistel 1848
Subfm. †Monilipsolinae Smith and Gallemi 1991
G. †Parapsolus Applegate et al. 2009
G. †Psolidum Ludwig 1886
G. †Psolus Oken 1815
Fm. †Schlumbergeritidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
G. †Amphitriodites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Schlumbergerites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
Invalid names: Placothuriidae Pawson and Fell 1965 [empty], Sclerodactylidae [empty]
Or. Elasipodida Théel 1882
+
Invalid names: Deimatidae [empty], Elpidiidae Theel 1882 [empty], Laetmogonidae Ekman 1926 [empty], Pelagothuriidae Ludwig 1893 [empty], Psychropotidae [empty]
Fm. †Etheridgellidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Dictyobractites Kristan-Tollmann 1972
G. †Etheridgella Croneis and McCormack 1932
+
†Etheridgella biconvexa Summerson and Campbell 1958
†Etheridgella pentagonia Kristan-Tollmann 1963
†Etheridgella porosa Croneis and McCormack 1932
G. †Frizzellus Hampton 1958
+
†Frizzellus donofrioi Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Frizzellus irregularis Hampton 1958
Fm. †Kuehnitidae Mostler 1968
+
G. †Kuehnites Mostler 1968
+
†Kuehnites aequiperforatus Mostler 1972
†Kuehnites andrusovi Kozur and Mock 1972
†Kuehnites dumosus Mostler 1972
†Kuehnites hallstattensis Mostler 1971
†Kuehnites inaequalis Mostler 1969
†Kuehnites serratus Mostler 1972
†Kuehnites slovakensis Gazdzicki et al. 1978
†Kuehnites spiniperforatus Zawidzka 1971
†Kuehnites turgidus Mostler 1972
G. Laetmophasma Ludwig 1894
Or. Molpadiida Haeckel 1896
+
Fm. †Exlinellidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
G. †Exlinella Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Jordanocaudina Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
G. †Pedatopriscus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Pseudoexlinella Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
Fm. Molpadiidae Müller 1850
+
G. Calcligula Frizzell and Exline 1955
G. Molpadia Risso 1826 [rat-tailed sea cucumber]
G. †Priscolongatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
Invalid names: Caudinidae [empty], Gephyrothuriidae [empty]
Fm. †Priscopedatidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Brianella Huddleston 1982
+
†Brianella acuta Soodan 1975
†Brianella giganta Soodan 1975
Invalid names: Fletcherina Soodan 1975 [replaced]
G. †Centripedatus Mostler 1996
+
†Centripedatus callosus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus inaequiperforatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus scheibelbergensis Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus undulatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Centripedatus unkenensis Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. Dictyothurites Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
+
†Dictyothurites corbisema Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Dictyothurites spatuligerus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
G. Feddenella Soodan 1975
G. †Hexapriscopedatus Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
+
†Hexapriscopedatus reichi Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Hexapriscopedatus subcircularis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Hexapriscopedatus subquadratus Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Hexapriscopedatus subtriangularis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
G. †Kristanella Krainer and Mostler 1997
+
†Kristanella latidentata Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Kristanella liassica Krainer and Mostler 1997
G. †Octopedatus Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
+
†Octopedatus densusmaculis Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
G. †Praethyonidium Mostler 1996
G. Priscopedatus Schlumberger 1890
+
†Priscopedatus acutus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus aegyptiacus Said and Barakat 1958
†Priscopedatus affinis Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Priscopedatus anceps Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus anguliferus Zankl 1966
†Priscopedatus apertus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus apertus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus artus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus aspergillum Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus asymmetricus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus batoniensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus bogschi Kozur and Mock 1972
†Priscopedatus bolkoviensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus bullatus Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus buno Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus concameratus Mostler 1980
†Priscopedatus conspicuus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Priscopedatus corolla Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus crassus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus crassus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus cribellum Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus crux Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus denticulatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus dumosus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus echinatus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus eiffeli Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus elliptiferus Zawidzka 1971
†Priscopedatus elongatus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus exlineae Said and Barakat 1958
†Priscopedatus foliosus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus frizzelli Said and Barakat 1958
†Priscopedatus guyaderi Rioult 1959
†Priscopedatus heteroporus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus hystrix Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus illyricus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus incisus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus inflexus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus jaworznicensis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus kozuri Mostler 1970
†Priscopedatus margaritatus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus mostleri Zawidzka 1971
†Priscopedatus multiangulatus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus multiforaminis Al-Tamimi et al. 2001
†Priscopedatus multiforis Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus multiformis Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus nawarensis Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus normani Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus normannus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus octoperforatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus orbiculatus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus parvulus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus pentaradiatus Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus perpusillus Mostler 1972
†Priscopedatus ploechingeri Mostler 1969
+
Invalid names: Priscopedatus hernsteini Mostler 1969 [synonym]
†Priscopedatus procerus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus propinquus Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus pseudaffinis Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus pyramidalis Schlumberger 1890
†Priscopedatus quinquespinosus Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Priscopedatus radiatus Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus slovakensis Kozur and Mock 1972
†Priscopedatus spectabilis Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus spiniferus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Priscopedatus stellatus Wernlund 1977
†Priscopedatus triangularis Górka and Luszczewska 1969
†Priscopedatus triangularis Kozur and Mock 1972
†Priscopedatus triangulatus Mostler 1971
†Priscopedatus triassicus Mostler 1968
†Priscopedatus tyrolensis Mostler 1968
†Priscopedatus variabilis Mostler 1972
G. †Prisculatrites Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
†Prisculatrites deflandreae Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Prisculatrites lansulata Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Prisculatrites lobatus Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Prisculatrites schlumbergeri Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Prisculatrites sinuatus Reich 2003
†Prisculatrites subtriangularis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Prisculatrites triceratium Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Prisculatrites tricostatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Sastriella Soodan 1975
G. †Septapedatus Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
+
†Septapedatus palestiniensis Sadeddin and Al-Tamimi 2006
G. †Spinopriscopedatus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
+
†Spinopriscopedatus magnispinosus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Spinopriscopedatus quadratus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Spinopriscopedatus salhoubensis Al-Tamimi and Saqqa 2008
†Spinopriscopedatus subtriangularis Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
†Spinopriscopedatus unispinosus Kozur and Sadeddin 1990
G. †Staurocumites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
†Staurocumites bartensteini Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
Invalid names: Priscopedatus acanthicus Mostler 1968 [synonym], Priscopedatus staurocumitoides Mostler 1968 [synonym]
†Staurocumites horridus Mostler 1968
†Staurocumites tetraporatus Kozur and Mostler 1989
Fm. †Semperitidae Mostler 1970
+
G. †Biacumina Mostler 1970
+
†Biacumina aequibrachiata Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Biacumina inconstans Mostler 1970
†Biacumina latiareata Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Biacumina nasiformis Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Biacumina rara Mostler 1972
†Biacumina rariperforata Kozur and Mock 1972
†Biacumina spinosa Kozur and Mock 1972
G. †Semperites Mostler 1970
+
†Semperites longiramosus Kozur and Mock 1972
†Semperites radiatus Mostler 1971
†Semperites subtilis Mostler 1970
†Semperites ungersteinensis Mostler 1970
Fm. †Stichopitidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. Cucumarites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Cucumarites ambiguus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites angulatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Cucumarites compactus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites dentatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites dentigerus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites diplococcus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites diversimeatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites dubius Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Cucumarites feifeli Mortensen 1937
†Cucumarites heteroporus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites holsaticus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Cucumarites inflatus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites microporus Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites mortenseni Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Cucumarites nigrivaccae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites pauciperforatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites pauciperforatus Mostler 1972
†Cucumarites proteus Mortensen 1937
†Cucumarites punctiferus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites radiatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites robustus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites scaber Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Cucumarites schlumbergeri Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
†Cucumarites soodanii Kalita et al. 2002
†Cucumarites sparsispinosus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites speciosus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Cucumarites spitiensis Soodan 1986
†Cucumarites squamma Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Cucumarites undatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
Invalid names: Procucumaria Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
G. †Jagdipina Soodan 1986
+
†Jagdipina curta Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Jagdipina triassica Soodan 1986
G. †Praeeuphronides Mostler 1967
+
†Praeeuphronides complexus Kozur and Mock 1972
†Praeeuphronides concavus Mostler 1971
†Praeeuphronides crassirimosus Mostler 1972
†Praeeuphronides latus Mostler 1972
†Praeeuphronides multiperforata Mostler 1968
†Praeeuphronides multiperforatus Mostler 1968
†Praeeuphronides robustus Mostler 1970
†Praeeuphronides simplex Mostler 1969
G. †Punctatites Mostler 1968
+
†Punctatites aequiperforatus Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
†Punctatites angulatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites appensus Mostler 1968
†Punctatites cruciformis Mostler 1968
†Punctatites dracoformis Mostler 1968
+
Invalid names: Calclamnella symmetrica Mostler 1968 [synonym]
†Punctatites extensus Mostler 1968
†Punctatites folliculus Mostler 1968
†Punctatites incurvatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites longirameus Mostler 1968
+
Invalid names: Uncinulinoides diffissus Mostler 1971 [synonym]
†Punctatites polymorphus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites tetrabrachiatus Krainer and Mostler 1997
†Punctatites triangularis Mostler 1968
†Punctatites triplex Mostler 1972
†Punctatites triradiatus Mostler 1968
G. †Rhabdotites Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
†Rhabdotites dorsetensis Hodson et al. 1956
+
Invalid names: Rhabdotites bifidus Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym], Rhabdotites divergens Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym], Rhabdotites irregularis Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym], Rhabdotites tridens Hodson et al. 1956 [synonym]
†Rhabdotites inclinatus Mostler 1972
†Rhabdotites mortenseni Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
Invalid names: Chirobaculus Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
G. Stichopites Deflandre and Deflandre-Rigaud 1948
+
†Stichopites mortenseni Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
+
Invalid names: Prostichopus jurensis Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
Invalid names: Prostichopus Frentzen 1964 [synonym]
G. †Thenuisites Mostler 1970
+
†Thenuisites multipartitus Mostler 1970
†Thenuisites trisulcus Mostler 1970
G. Uncinulina Terquem 1862
+
†Uncinulina acanthica Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina arcuata Deflandre-Rigaud 1952
†Uncinulina compressa Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina gordoni Soodan and Whatley 1990
†Uncinulina gracilis Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina levis Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina lunata Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
†Uncinulina parvispinosa Mostler 1972
†Uncinulina polymorpha Terquem 1862
Invalid names: Ambulacrites Rioult 1961 [synonym]
G. †Uncinulinoides Mostler 1968
+
†Uncinulinoides alternata Mostler 1972
†Uncinulinoides hastata Mostler 1972
†Uncinulinoides porosa Mostler 1972
†Uncinulinoides regularis Mostler 1968
Fm. †Synaptellidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
+
G. †Spandelites Frizzell and Exline 1957
+
†Spandelites arcuatus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
†Spandelites irregularis Deflandre-Rigaud 1949
†Spandelites lehmani Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Synaptellus Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Tetravirga Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
†Tetravirga etheridgei Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Tetravirga fordelensis Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Tetravirga gracilis Mostler 1968
†Tetravirga imperforata Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Tetravirga liassica Mostler 1968
†Tetravirga perforata Mostler 1968
Fm. Theeliidae Frizzell and Exline 1955
+
G. †Jumaraina Soodan 1977
+
†Jumaraina germanica Kozur 1969
†Jumaraina haynesi Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Jumaraina indica Soodan 1977
†Jumaraina planorbicula Mostler 1968
†Jumaraina rinconensis Huddleston et al. 1986
†Jumaraina simoni Kozur and Mock 1972
G. †Lawsonina Soodan and Whatley 1988
+
†Lawsonina huntingdonshirensis Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Lawsonina multiradiata Soodan and Whatley 1988
G. Stueria Schlumberger 1888
+
†Stueria blakei Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Stueria elegans Schlumberger 1888
†Stueria hendersoni Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Stueria intercessus Deflandre-Rigaud 1959
†Stueria jumaraensis Soodan 1972
†Stueria kashimi Soodan 1972
†Stueria malmensis Frizzell and Exline 1955
†Stueria moorei Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Stueria multiradiata Mostler 1971
†Stueria raoi Soodan 1972
G. Thyonidium Düren and Koren 1846
G. †Triradites Mostler 1969
+
†Triradites communis Mostler 1969
†Triradites transitus Kozur and Mock 1972
Invalid names: Apodacea [empty], Arthrochirota Seilacher 1961 [empty], Aspidochirotacea [empty], Dendrochirotacea [empty], Paractinopoda [empty], Protocaudinidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1962 [empty], Punctatitidae Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976 [empty], Rotiformidae Deflandre-Rigaud 1950 [empty]
Cl. †Ophiocistioidea Sollas 1899
+
Fm. †Eucladidae Gregory 1897
+
G. †Anguloserra Haude and Langenstrassen 1976
+
†Anguloserra austriaca Schraut 1993
†Anguloserra carinthiaca Schraut 1995
†Anguloserra thomasi Haude and Langenstrassen 1976
Fm. †Linguaserridae Reich and Haude 2004
+
G. †Linguaserra Langer 1991
+
†Linguaserra ligula Langer 1991
†Linguaserra spandeli Reich 2007
†Linguaserra triassica Reich 2018
Fm. †Rhenosquamidae Richter 1930
+
Fm. †Rotasacciidae Haude and Langenstrassen 1976
+
G. †Microantyx Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
+
†Microantyx mudgei Gutschick et al. 1967
†Microantyx permiana Kornicker and Imbrie 1958
†Microantyx praedulcis Boczarowski 2001
†Microantyx pseudobotoni Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Microantyx sosioensis Kozur and Mostler 1989
†Microantyx tarazi Mostler and Rahimi-Yazd 1976
G. †Protocaudina Croneis and McCormack 1932
+
†Protocaudina botoni Gutschick 1959
†Protocaudina dorsetensis Soodan and Whatley 1988
†Protocaudina dulcis Boczarowski 2001
†Protocaudina herrigi Reich 1995
†Protocaudina mortenseni Deflandre-Rigaud 1946
†Protocaudina paucispinosa Deflandre-Rigaud 1962
G. †Rotasaccus Haude and Langenstrassen 1976
+
†Rotasaccus dentifer Haude and Langenstrassen 1976
†Rotasaccus haudei Boczarowski 2001
†Rotasaccus praedentifer Boczarowski 2001
Fm. †Sollasinidae Fedotov 1926
+
G. †Euthemon Sollas 1899
G. †Sollasina Fedotov 1926
+
†Sollasina cthulhu Rahman et al. 2019
†Sollasina westfalica Richter 1930
†Sollasina woodwardi Sollas 1899
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: p = phylum | |||||
| Reference: Aberhan 1992 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Delamaran to the top of the Holocene or 509.70000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 505.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 505.3 Ma
Collections (6648 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Delamaran | Canada (British Columbia) | Holothuroidea indet. A (84424) | |
| Ibexian | USA (Nevada) | Ophioxenikos langenheimi (91172) | |
| Tremadocian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Palaeura jacobi, Chinianaster levyi, Thoralaster spiculiformis, Villebrunaster thorali (101705) | |
| Tremadocian | Morocco | Somasteroidea indet. (235487) | |
| Tremadocian | Morocco (Anti-Atlas) | Somasteroidea indet. (166727) | |
| Tremadoc | Morocco | Cantabrigiaster fezouataensis (203101) | |
| Lancefieldian | Australia (Tasmania) | Maydena roadsidensis (165771) | |
| Tulean | USA (Utah) | Eriaster ibexensis (91151) | |
| Floian | Morocco | Asterozoa indet. (235491) | |
| Floian | France (Montagne Noire) | Chinianaster levyi (20827) | |
| Floian | USA (Utah) | Lopidiaster jamisoni (216838) Stenaster obtusus (216850) | |
| Arenig | United Kingdom (Wales) | Asterozoa indet. (426) | |
| Arenig | France (Montagne Noire) | Palaeura jacobi, Palaeura sp., Chinianaster levyi, Villebrunaster thorali (20828) | |
| Blackhillsian | USA (Nevada) | Eukrinaster ibexensis (174459) | |
| Blackhillsian | USA (Utah) | Asterozoa indet. (180739) Eukrinaster ibexensis (174456 174457 174458) | |
| Blackhillsian | USA (Idaho) | Falloaster anquiroisitus (206507) | |
| Dapingian | USA (Utah) | Schuchertia sprinklei (216844) | |
| Volkhov | Russian Federation | Urasterella sp., Cnemidactis sp. (91166) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (Oklahoma) | Unibothriocidaris bromidensis, Protopalaeaster narrawayi (201757) | |
| Middle Ordovician | USA (New York) | Asteroidea indet. (333) | |