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Gryphaea
Taxonomy
Gryphaea was named by Lamarck (1801) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Carn-l J Tith-u]. It is not extant. Its type is Gryphaea arcuata.
It was assigned to Ostreidae by Meek (1864); to Pterioida by Sepkoski (2002); to Gryphaeinae by Vokes (1980) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Gryphaeidae by McRoberts (2011) and Ros-Franch et al. (2014).
It was assigned to Ostreidae by Meek (1864); to Pterioida by Sepkoski (2002); to Gryphaeinae by Vokes (1980) and Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Gryphaeidae by McRoberts (2011) and Ros-Franch et al. (2014).
Species
G. (Africogryphaea), G. (Bilobissa), G. (Catinula), G. (Gryphaea), G. accipiter, G. arcta, G. arcuata (type species), G. arcuataeformis, G. avicularis, G. balli, G. bilobata, G. brongniarti, G. colombiana, G. costellata, G. cymbium (syn. Ostrea gronlandica), G. distorta, G. eversa, G. gigantea, G. keilhaui, G. kenkerensis, G. mccullochi, G. mutabilis, G. navia, G. nevadensis, G. obliquata, G. orientalis, G. pitcherii, G. planoconvexa, G. plicata, G. stomatoidea, G. wardi
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1801 | Gryphaea Lamarck |
| 1864 | Gryphaea Meek p. 42 |
| 1886 | Liogryphaea Fischer |
| 1980 | Gryphaea Vokes p. 63 |
| 2001 | Liogryphaea Papier p. 372 |
| 2002 | Gryphaea Sepkoski |
| 2010 | Gryphaea Bouchet et al. |
| 2011 | Gryphaea McRoberts p. 650 |
| 2014 | Gryphaea Ros-Franch et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Gryphaea Lamarck 1801
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Subg. †Gryphaea (Africogryphaea) Stenzel 1971
†Gryphaea accipiter Anderson 1958
†Gryphaea arcta Braun 1841
†Gryphaea arcuata Lamarck 1801
†Gryphaea arcuataeformis Kiparisova 1936
†Gryphaea avicularis Münster 1841
†Gryphaea balli Stefanini 1925
†Gryphaea bilobata Sowerby 1835
†Gryphaea brongniarti Bronn 1831
†Gryphaea colombiana Clark and Durham 1946
†Gryphaea costellata Douvillé 1916
†Gryphaea distorta Anderson 1958
†Gryphaea eversa Mellville 1843
†Gryphaea gigantea Sowerby 1823
†Gryphaea keilhaui Boehm 1903
†Gryphaea kenkerensis Bychkov and Nechitailenko 1985
†Gryphaea mccullochi Sowerby 1826
†Gryphaea mutabilis Morton 1828
†Gryphaea navia Gabb 1861
†Gryphaea nevadensis McRoberts 1992
†Gryphaea obliquata Sowerby 1815
†Gryphaea orientalis Forbes 1846
†Gryphaea pitcherii Morton 1834
†Gryphaea planoconvexa Whitfield 1876
†Gryphaea planoconvexa fraterna Imlay 1967
†Gryphaea plicata Lamarck 1819
†Gryphaea stomatoidea Forbes 1846
†Gryphaea wardi Hill and Vaughan 1898
Invalid names: Liogryphaea Fischer 1886 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
| part | N | mean | minimum | maximum | median | s.d. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| valve height | 9 | 25.1 | 12.3 | 36.9 | 28.4 | 9.30 |
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| Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class | |||||
| References: Kiessling 2004, Steuber 2002, Kiessling 2003, Aberhan et al. 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Ladinian to the top of the Late/Upper Eocene or 242.00000 to 33.90000 Ma
Collections (1046 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ladinian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | G. skuld (212096 212181 212198) G. skuld, G. sp., G. keilhaui (212183) | |
| Carnian | Austria | Cassianella avicularis (201956) | |
| Carnian | Canada (British Columbia) | G. arcuataeformis (69496) | |
| Carnian | Germany | G. sp. (34416) | |
| Carnian - Norian | USA (Alaska) | G. arcuataeformis, G. keilhaui (69491) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Mexico (Sonora) | G. sp. (41020) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | USA (Alaska) | G. sp. (112238 112241 112244 112289) | |
| Late/Upper Triassic | Chile | G. sp. (29509) | |
| Julian | Italy | Cassianella avicularis (69653) G. avicularis, G. arcta (137429) | |
| Tuvalian | USA (Nevada) | G. nevadensis (69481) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Ypresian | Egypt | G. pharaonus (41903) | |
| Ypresian | Bulgaria (Shumen) | G. rarilamella (102366) | |
| Ypresian | USA (New Jersey) | G. dissimilaris (124967) | |
| Ypresian | Bulgaria (Varna) | G. rarilamella (102357) G. rarilamella, G. pharaonum (102285) | |
| Ypresian | Bulgaria (Veliko Tarnovo) | G. rarilamella (102354 102364 102365) | |
| Lutetian | Bulgaria (Veliko Tarnovo) | G. pharaonum (102367) | |
| Lutetian | Libya | G. arabica, G. exogyroides (42125) G. pharaonum (42123) | |
| Bartonian | Egypt | G. gumbeli (97545) | |
| Bartonian | Romania | Gryphae brongniarti (101813 101879) G. eszterhazyi (101814 101821 101878) G. eszterhazyi, G. brongniarti (101958) G. rarilamella (101883 101890 101893) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene | Colombia (Bolivar) | G. colombiana (3315) | |