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Placunopsis

Bivalvia - Pectinida - Anomiidae

Taxonomy
Placunopsis was named by Morris and Lycett (1853) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Olen-u T Dani Sepkoski's reference number: 545,1061]. It is not extant.

It was reranked as Terquemia (Placunopsis) by Bittner (1895).

It was assigned to Terquemia by Bittner (1895); to Plicatulidae by Marwick (1953); to Placunidae by Ronchetti (1970); to Terquemiidae by Vokes (1980); to Pterioida by Sepkoski (2002); to Placunopsidae by Bouchet et al. (2010); and to Anomiidae by Todd and Palmer (2002) and Lazo and Damborenea (2011).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1853Placunopsis Morris and Lycett
1895Terquemia (Placunopsis) Bittner
1953Placunopsis Marwick p. 101
1970Placunopsis Ronchetti p. 56
1980Placunopsis Vokes p. 59
2002Placunopsis Sepkoski
2002Placunopsis Todd and Palmer
2010Placunopsis Bouchet et al.
2011Placunopsis Lazo and Damborenea p. 730

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Protostomia
—Spiralia
superphylumLophotrochozoa
phylumMollusca
classBivalvia
—Eubivalvia
subclassAutobranchia(Groblen 1894)
infraclassPteriomorphia(Beurlen 1944)
RankNameAuthor
—OstreomorphiFerussac 1822
—OstreioniFerussac 1822
—OstreataFerussac 1822
superorderOstreiformiiFerussac 1822
orderPectinida(Gray 1854)
suborderAnomiidinaGray 1854
—AnomioideiGray 1854
—AnomioiteiGray 1854
superfamilyAnomioideaRafinesque 1815
familyAnomiidaeRafinesque 1815
genusPlacunopsisMorris and Lycett 1853

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Placunopsis Morris and Lycett 1853
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†Placunopsis fibrosa Laube 1867
†Placunopsis fissistriata Winckler 1861
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Invalid names: Plicatula moabensis Cox 1924 [synonym]
†Placunopsis gracilis Giebel 1856
†Placunopsis minuta Lundgren 1895
†Placunopsis napengensis Healey 1908
†Placunopsis nuka Imlay 1961
†Placunopsis obliqua Giebel 1856
†Placunopsis ostracina Schlotheim 1820
†Placunopsis parasita Bittner 1895
†Placunopsis parvula Stefanini 1939
†Placunopsis plana Giebel 1856
†Placunopsis radiata Phillips 1829
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Invalid names: Anomia columbiana Crickmay 1930 [synonym]
†Placunopsis rothi Marincovich, Jr. 1993
†Placunopsis rothpletzi von Wöhrmann 1889
†Placunopsis socialis Morris and Lycett 1853
†Placunopsis striatula Oppel 1856
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
J. A. Todd and T. J. Palmer 2002Medium-sized (< 60mm high), subcircular, thin-shelled and compressed anomiid. RV extremely thin, closely adpressed to substratum, with byssal notch (open foramen) surrounding an uncalcifed byssal plug;
medium sized adductor scar adjacent to postero-ventral margin of foramen. LV exterior with very fine to moderately strong radiating riblets. Interior with shallowly arched crus with adjoining buttress extending posteroventrally for length of foramen. Two prominent muscle scars present; a moderate-sized posterior pedal (byssal) retractor scar at 25±50 per cent height; touching at its posteroventral edge a smaller adductor scar. Also present is a minute anterior pedal retractor scar. Shell structure: RV, outer shell layer
extremely thin, prismatic; inner shell layer of cross lamellar aragonite: LV, outer shell layer of foliated calcite; extensive cross lamellar aragonite inner shell layer, extending 80±90 per cent of distance to ventral margin.
Measurements
partNmeanminimummaximummedians.d.
shell height615.911.433.014.48.07

Composition: aragoniteg
Composition 2: low Mg calciteg
Grouping: gregariousg
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: stationaryg
Attached: yesg
Epibiont: yesf
Life habit: epifaunalg
Diet: suspension feederg
Vision: blindc
Comments: Aragonite prevalent From: Pruss et al. (2007): The outer layer of a bivalve shell, or ostracum, is composed of foliated calcite, which represents the original structure of the shell. The inner shell layer, or hypostracum, which was originally secreted as aragonite (Carter, 1990), now consists of sparry calcite or silica that replaced the aragonite.g
Created: 2007-09-19 02:14:00
Modified: 2007-09-19 04:14:00
Source: g = genus, f = family, o = order, c = class
References: Kiessling 2004, Aberhan et al. 2004

Age range: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Danian or 251.20000 to 61.60000 Ma

Collections (345 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Smithian251.3 - 247.2Indonesia (Timor) P. sp. (205181)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2China (Qinghai) P. plana (56724)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2USA (Nevada) P. sp. (72425)
Olenekian - Anisian251.2 - 242.0Jordan (Janoobiah) P. ostracina, Plicatula fissistriata (201987) Plicatula moabensis, Plicatula fissistriata (201986)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Poland P. ostracina (63538)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Egypt (Shamal Sina) Plicatula fissistriata (206058)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Hessen) P. ostracina (38545 44357 44358)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Baden-Württemberg) P. ostracina (206384)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Qinghai) P. sp. (101025) P. subplana (101040 101044)
Bithynian - Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Bulgaria P. ernesti (44917)

Youngest occurrences
Time interval Ma Country or state PBDB collection number
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6Germany P. sp. (36811)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Poland P. granulosa (28446)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Chile P. sp. (1314)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Germany P. granulosa (1349)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina P. sp. (1357)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Poland P. granulosa (1321)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Denmark P. granulosa (1385 1386 35039)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0United Kingdom (England) P. granulosa (1389)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Poland P. granulosa (27818 27822 28081 28082)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (Alaska) P. rothi (64414)