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Eoichthyosauria
Taxonomy
Eoichthyosauria was named by Motani (1999).
It was assigned to Ichthyopterygia by McGowan and Motani (2003); to Ichthyopterygia by Motani (1999), Cuthbertson et al. (2013); and to Ichthyopterygia by Moon (2017), Moon (2019).
It was assigned to Ichthyopterygia by McGowan and Motani (2003); to Ichthyopterygia by Motani (1999), Cuthbertson et al. (2013); and to Ichthyopterygia by Moon (2017), Moon (2019).
Subtaxa
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1999 | Eoichthyosauria Motani p. 476 |
| 2003 | Eoichthyosauria McGowan and Motani |
| 2013 | Eoichthyosauria Cuthbertson et al. p. 831 |
| 2017 | Eoichthyosauria Moon |
| 2019 | Eoichthyosauria Moon p. 144 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Unr. †Eoichthyosauria Motani 1999
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Unr. †Grippidia Wiman 1929
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Unr. †Ichthyosauria de Blainville 1835 [ichthyosaur]
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Unr. †Baracromia Fischer et al. 2013
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Fm. †Ophthalmosauridae Andrews 1910
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G. †Arthropterygius Maxwell 2010
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†Arthropterygius chrisorum Russell 1993
†Arthropterygius hoybergeti Druckenmiller et al. 2012
†Arthropterygius lundi Robert et al. 2014
†Arthropterygius thalassonotus Campos et al. 2020
†Arthropterygius volgensis Kasansky 1903
G. †Baptanodon Seeley 1874
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†Baptanodon discus Marsh 1879
Invalid names: Sauranodon Marsh 1879 [replaced]
G. †Nannopterygius Huene 1923
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†Nannopterygius enthekiodon Hulke 1871
†Nannopterygius saveljeviensis Arkhangelsky 1997
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Invalid names: Nannopterygius kabanovi Efimov 1999 [synonym]
Subfm. †Ophthalmosaurinae Baur 1887
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G. †Acamptonectes Fischer et al. 2012
G. †Cryopterygius Druckenmiller et al. 2012
G. †Jabalisaurus Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
G. †Janusaurus Robert et al. 2014
G. †Leninia Fischer et al. 2013
G. †Mollesaurus Fernandez 1999
G. †Ophthalmosaurus Seeley 1874
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Invalid names: Ancanamunia Rusconi 1942 [synonym], Khudiakovia Arkhangelsky 1999 [synonym], Microdontosaurus Gilmore 1902 [synonym], Yasykovia Efimov 1999 [synonym]
G. †Palvennia Druckenmiller et al. 2012
G. †Paraophthalmosaurus Arkhangelsky 1997
G. †Undorosaurus Efimov 1999
Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus brunsvicensis Broili 1909 [nomen dubium], Ophthalmosaurus cantabrigiensis Lydekker 1888 [nomen dubium]
Subfm. †Platypterygiinae Arkhangelsky 2001
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G. †Acuetzpalin Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2020
G. †Aegirosaurus Bardet and Fernandez 2000
G. †Athabascasaurus Druckenmiller and Maxwell 2010
G. †Brachypterygius Huene 1922
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Invalid names: Grendelius McGowan 1976 [synonym], Ochevia Arkhangelsky 2001 [synonym], Otschevia Efimov 1998 [synonym]
G. †Caypullisaurus Fernández 1997
G. †Maiaspondylus Maxwell and Caldwell 2006
G. †Parrassaurus Barrientos-Lara and Alvarado-Ortega 2021
G. †Pervushovisaurus Arkhangelsky 1998
G. †Platypterygius von Huene 1922
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Invalid names: Longirostria Arkhangelsky 1998 [synonym], Myobradypterygius von Huene 1927 [synonym], Myopterygius Huene 1922 [synonym], Plutoniosaurus Efimov 1997 [synonym], Tenuirostria Arkhangelsky 1998 [synonym]
G. †Simbirskiasaurus Otschev and Efimov 1985
G. †Sisteronia Fischer et al. 2014
G. †Sveltonectes Fischer et al. 2011
Invalid names: Baptanodontidae Marsh 1879 [synonym], Brachypterygiidae Cortes et al. 2021 [empty], Ichthyosaurus doughtyi Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Platypterygiidae Bardet 1995 [empty]
G. †Ghuizhouichthyosaurus Cao and Luo 2000
Fm. †Grippiidae Wiman 1929
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G. †Chaohusaurus Young and Dong 1972
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†Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis Huang et al. 2019
†Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis Chen 1985
†Chaohusaurus geishanensis Young and Dong 1972
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Invalid names: Chensaurus faciles Chen 1985 [objective synonym]
†Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis Chen et al. 2013
Invalid names: Anhuisaurus Chen 1985 [synonym], Anhuisaurus Chen 1985 [synonym], Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis Huang et al. 2019 [valid], Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis Chen 1985 [valid], Chaohusaurus geishanensis Young and Dong 1972 [valid], Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis Chen et al. 2013 [valid], Chensaurus Mazin Suteethora et al. 1991 [synonym], Chensaurus Mazin Suteethora et al. 1991 [synonym]
G. †Guanlingichthyosaurus Yin et al. 2000
Unr. †Hueneosauria Maisch and Matzke 2000
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Subor. †Longipinnati Huene 1948
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Fm. †Cymbospondylidae von Huene 1948
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G. †Blezingeria von Huene 1951
G. †Phantomosaurus Maisch and Matzke 2000
Fm. †Toretocnemidae Maisch and Matzke 2000
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G. †Qianichthyosaurus Li 1999
G. †Toretocnemus Merriam 1903
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Invalid names: Leptocheirus Merriam 1903 [replaced], Merriamia Boulanger 1904 [synonym]
Unr. †Merriamosauria Motani 1999
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Fm. †Merriamosauridae Maisch and Matzke 2003
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G. †Merriamosaurus Maisch and Matzke 2002
G. †Pessopteryx Wiman 1910
Fm. †Shastasauridae Merriam 1902
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G. †Guanlingsaurus Yin et al. 2000
G. †Guizhouichthyosaurus Cao and Luo 2000
G. †Ichthyotitan Lomax et al. 2024
G. †Metashastasaurus Nicholls and Manabe 2001
G. †Shastasaurus Merriam 1895
G. †Shonisaurus Camp 1976
Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus carinatus Sauvage 1876 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus rheticus Sauvage 1876 [nomen dubium], Shastasaurinae Merriam 1908 [empty], Shastasaurus sieversi Riabinin 1946 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Euichthyosauria Motani 1999 [empty], Shastasauria Motani 1999 [empty]
Fm. †Mixosauridae Baur 1887
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G. †Mixosaurus Baur 1887
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†Mixosaurus cornalianus Bassani 1886
†Mixosaurus kuhnschneyderi Brinkmann 1998
†Mixosaurus luxiensis Fang et al. 2024
†Mixosaurus xindianensis Chen and Cheng 2010
Invalid names: Mixosaurus helveticus von Huene 1916 [nomen dubium], Mixosaurus intermedius von Huene 1916 [nomen dubium], Mixosaurus major Fraas 1891 [nomen dubium], Mixosaurus timorensis Broili 1931 [nomen dubium], Sangiorgiosaurus Brinkmann 1998 [synonym]
G. †Phalarodon Merriam 1910
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†Phalarodon atavus Quenstedt 1852
†Phalarodon callawayi Schmitz et al. 2004
†Phalarodon major Maisch and Matzke 2000
†Phalarodon nordenskioeldii Hulke 1873
Invalid names: Ancanamuninae Rusconi 1942 [empty], Mixosaurinae Baur 1887 [empty]
Invalid names: Merriamosauriformes McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty]
G. †Nanchangasaurus Wang 1959
Fm. †Omphalosauridae Merriam 1906
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G. †Chaohusaurus Young and Dong 1972
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†Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis Huang et al. 2019
†Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis Chen 1985
†Chaohusaurus geishanensis Young and Dong 1972
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Invalid names: Chensaurus faciles Chen 1985 [objective synonym]
†Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis Chen et al. 2013
Invalid names: Anhuisaurus Chen 1985 [synonym], Anhuisaurus Chen 1985 [synonym], Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis Huang et al. 2019 [valid], Chaohusaurus chaoxianensis Chen 1985 [valid], Chaohusaurus geishanensis Young and Dong 1972 [valid], Chaohusaurus zhangjiawanensis Chen et al. 2013 [valid], Chensaurus Mazin Suteethora et al. 1991 [synonym], Chensaurus Mazin Suteethora et al. 1991 [synonym]
G. †Omphalosaurus Merriam 1906
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†Omphalosaurus nettarhynchus Mazin and Bucher 1987
†Omphalosaurus nevadanus Merriam 1906
†Omphalosaurus wolfi Tichy 1995
Fm. †Parvinatatoridae McGowan and Motani 2003
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Unr. †Parvipelvia Motani 1999
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Unr. †Neoichthyosauria Sander 2000
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G. †Eurhinosaurus Abel 1909
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†Eurhinosaurus longirostris Mantell 1851
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Invalid names: Eurhinosaurus huenei Swinton 1930 [synonym]
G. †Leptonectes McGowan 1996
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†Leptonectes moorei McGowan and Milner 1999
†Leptonectes solei McGowan 1993
†Leptonectes tenuirostris Conybeare 1822
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus strongylostinus Hawkins 1840 [synonym]
Invalid names: Leptopterygius Huene 1929 [synonym]
Fm. †Leptonectidae Maisch 1998
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G. †Wahlisaurus Lomax 2017
Invalid names: Eurhinosauria Motani 1999 [objective synonym]
G. †Temnodontosaurus Lydekker 1889
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†Temnodontosaurus azerguensis Martin et al. 2012
†Temnodontosaurus burgundiae Gaudry 1892
†Temnodontosaurus crassimanus Blake 1876
†Temnodontosaurus eurycephalus McGowan 1974
†Temnodontosaurus longirostris Owen 1881
†Temnodontosaurus nuertingensis von Huene 1931
†Temnodontosaurus platyodon Conybeare 1822
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus oligostinus Hawkins 1840 [synonym], Temnodontosaurus risor McGowan 1974 [synonym]
†Temnodontosaurus trigonodon Theodori 1843
Invalid names: Suevoleviathanidae Maisch 2001 [empty], Temnodontosauridae McGowan 1974 [empty]
G. †Suevoleviathan Maisch 1998
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†Suevoleviathan disinteger von Huene 1926
†Suevoleviathan integer Bronn 1844
Invalid names: Hudsonelpidiidae McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty], Leptonectoidea McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty], Macgowaniidae McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty], Temnodontosauroidea McGowan and Motani 2003 [empty]
Fm. †Proteosauridae Hay 1902
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G. †Proteosaurus Home 1819
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†Proteosaurus platyodon Conybeare 1822
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus chiroligostinus Hawkins 1834 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus lonchiodon Owen 1840 [synonym]
Fm. †Quasianosteosauridae Maisch and Matzke 2003
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G. †Quasianosteosaurus Maisch and Matzke 2003
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†Quasianosteosaurus vikinghoegdai Maisch and Matzke 2003
Fm. †Thaisauridae Maisch 2010
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Unr. †Thunnosauria Motani 1999
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Fm. †Ichthyosauridae Bonaparte 1841
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G. †Ichthyosaurus Koenig 1818
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†Ichthyosaurus acutirostris Owen 1840
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus crassimanus Tate and Blake 1876 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus longifrons Owen 1881 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus longipennis Mantell 1851 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus microdon Wagner 1851 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus zetlandicus Seeley 1880 [synonym]
†Ichthyosaurus anningae Lomax and Massare 2015
†Ichthyosaurus breviceps Owen 1881
†Ichthyosaurus communis Conybeare 1821
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus chiroparamekostinus Hawkins 1834 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus chiropolyostinus Hawkins 1834 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus fortimanus Owen 1884 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus intermedius Conybeare 1822 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus latimanus Owen 1840 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus polyostinus Hawkins 1840 [synonym]
†Ichthyosaurus conybeari Lydekker 1888
†Ichthyosaurus entheciodon Hulke 1871
†Ichthyosaurus enthekiodon Hulke 1871
†Ichthyosaurus extremus Boulenger 1904
†Ichthyosaurus larkini Lomax and Massare 2017
†Ichthyosaurus longimanus Owen 1884
†Ichthyosaurus longipes von Wurstemberger 1876
†Ichthyosaurus somersetensis Lomax and Massare 2017
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus paramecostinus Hawkins 1840 [replaced]
†Ichthyosaurus tenuirostris Conybeare 1822
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Invalid names: Ichthyosaurus chirostrongulostinus Hawkins 1834 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus grandipes Sharpe 1830 [synonym]
†Ichthyosaurus trigonodon Theodori 1843
†Ichthyosaurus triscissus Quenstedt 1856
Invalid names: Eurypterygius Jaekel 1904 [synonym], Gryphus Wagler 1830 [synonym], Ichthyosaurus aduncus Quenstedt 1885 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus advena Phillips 1871 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus aequalis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus amalthei Quenstedt 1856 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus angustidens Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus arietis Fraas 1891 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus bambergensis Bauer 1901 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus biscissus Wurstemberger 1876 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus bodenbenderi Dames 1893 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus bonneyi Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus brachyspondylus Owen 1881 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus californicus Camp 1942 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus ceramensis Martin 1888 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus chalarodeirus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus coniformis Harlan 1824 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus crassicostatus Theodori 1854 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus cuvieri Valenciennes 1861 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus dilatatus Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus franciscanus Camp 1942 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus giganteus Leach 1840 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus hectori Lydekker 1889 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus hexagonus Theodori 1854 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus hildesiensis Koken 1883 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus hygrodeirus Seeley 1969 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus immanis Phillipi 1895 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus indicus Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus kokeni Broili 1908 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus lacunosae Quenstedt 1885 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus latifrons Konig 1825 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus leucopetraeus Burmeister and Giebel 1862 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus nasimowii Fahrenkohl 1856 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus normanniae Valenciennes 1861 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus numismalis Fraas 1892 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus ovalis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus planartus Theodori 1854 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus platymerus Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Ichthyosaurus posthumus Wagner 1851 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus psilonoti Fraas 1891 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus quenstedti Zittel 1890 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus saladensis Rusconi 1948 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus sanjuanensis Rusconi 1949 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus sinuatus Theodori 1854 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus steleodon Bogolubow 1909 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus thyreospondylus Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus torrei Torre and Cuervo 1939 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus torulosi Quenstedt 1885 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus trigonus Owen 1840 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus walkeri Seeley 1869 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus zollerianus Quenstedt 1858 [nomen dubium], Protoichthyosaurus prosostealis Appleby 1979 [nomen dubium], Tibetosaurus Dong 1982 [nomen dubium], Tibetosaurus tingjiensis Young et al. 1982 [nomen dubium]
G. †Protoichthyosaurus Appleby 1979
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†Protoichthyosaurus applebyi Lomax et al. 2017
†Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis Appleby 1979
G. †Stenopterygius Jaekel 1904
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†Stenopterygius aaleniensis Maxwell et al. 2012
†Stenopterygius cayi Fernandez 1994
†Stenopterygius cuneiceps McGowan 1979
†Stenopterygius longifrons Owen 1881
†Stenopterygius longipes von Wurstemberger 1876
†Stenopterygius macrophasma McGowan 1979
†Stenopterygius megacephalus von Huene 1922
†Stenopterygius megalorhinus von Huene 1922
†Stenopterygius quadriscissus Quenstedt 1858
†Stenopterygius triscissus Quenstedt 1856
†Stenopterygius uniter von Wurstemberger 1876
Invalid names: Stenopterygius banzensis Heune 1922 [nomen dubium], Stenopterygius hauffianus von Huene 1922 [nomen dubium], Stenopterygius promegacelaphus Maisch 2008 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Stenopterygiidae Kühn 1934 [empty]
Fm. †Utatsusauridae McGowan and Motani 2003
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Invalid names: Ichthyosauroidea Fitzinger 1826 [empty], Ichthyosaurus australis Hector 1878 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus polyptychodon Koken 1883 [nomen dubium], Ichthyosaurus strombecki Meyer 1862 [nomen dubium], Longipinnatoidea Huene 1923 [empty], Pessosaurus Wiman 1910 [nomen dubium], Rachitrema Sauvage 1883 [nomen dubium], Sphaerodontes Torre and Cuervo 1939 [nomen dubium], Stenopterygius grandis Cabrera 1939 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| B. C. Moon 2019 | The last common ancestor of Ichthyosaurus communis, Utatsusaurus hataii and Parvinatator wapi- tiensis, and all its descendants [node-based] (Motani 1999c). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Age range: base of the Olenekian to the top of the Cenomanian or 251.20000 to 93.90000 Ma
Collections (524 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Griesbachian - Smithian | Canada (British Columbia) | Utatsusaurus sp. (196982) | |
| Triassic | USA (Nevada) | Cymbospondylus petrinus, Chonespondylus grandis (101860) | |
| Triassic | Germany (Aargau) | Mixosaurus helveticus (214578) | |
| Triassic | Germany (Bavaria) | Mixosaurus intermedius (214577) | |
| Triassic | USA (California) | Leptocheirus zitteli (149577) Shastasaurus alexandrae, Shastasaurus osmonti (153314) | |
| Smithian | Canada (British Columbia) | Grippia longirostris (105082) Pessosaurus sp., Phalarodon fraasi, Mixosaurus nordenskioeldii (85452) Phalarodon nordenskioeldii (152277) Phalarodon nordenskioeldii, Grippia longirostris (105083) Utatsusaurus sp. (127262) | |
| Smithian - Spathian | USA (Idaho) | Cymbospondylus sp. (90338) | |
| Spathian | China (Anhui) | Chaohusaurus sp. (155584) Chensaurus chaoxianensis (37180 37181) Chensaurus chaoxianensis, Chaohusaurus geishanensis, Chensaurus faciles (144395) | |
| Spathian | Norway (Svalbard) | Grippia longirostris (196800) | |
| Spathian | USA (Nevada) | Ichthyosauridae indet. (211747) Omphalosaurus nettarhynchus (196634) Utatsusaurus sp., Grippiidae indet. (195195) | |
Youngest occurrences |
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| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | PBDB collection number |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Saratov) | Ichthyosauria indet. (92403) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | New Zealand (South Island) | Platypterygius sp. (237774) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | India (Tamil Nadu) | Platypterygius indicus (110178) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | France (Normandy) | Platypterygius sp. (142837) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Saratov) | Platypterygius bannovkensis, Ichthyosauria indet. (138038) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | India | Platypterygius sp. (214382) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | USA (Wyoming) | Myopterygius petersoni (105791) | |
| Middle Cenomanian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | Ichthyosauria indet. (92399) | |
| Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian | Germany (Bavaria) | Platypterygius sp. (214381) | |
| Middle Cenomanian - Late/Upper Cenomanian | Australia (Western Australia) | Brachypterygiidae indet. (215559) | |