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Galeaspida

Galeaspida

Taxonomy
Galeaspida was named by Liu (1965). It is not extant. It was considered monophyletic by Liu (1965).

It was assigned to Vertebrata by Liu (1965).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1965Galeaspida Liu

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
RankNameAuthor
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
classGaleaspida
classGaleaspida

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Cl. †Galeaspida Liu 1965
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Fm. †Dayongaspidae Pan and Zeng 1985
+
G. †Dayongaspis Pan and Zeng 1985
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†Dayongaspis colubra Zhang et al. 2024
†Dayongaspis hunanensis Pan and Zeng 1985
G. †Platycaraspis Wang et al. 2002
+
†Platycaraspis tianshanensis Wang et al. 2002
G. †Deanaspis Lin et al. 2025
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†Deanaspis longpingi Lin et al. 2025
G. †Diploholcaspis Wang et al. 2009
+
†Diploholcaspis daleensis Wang et al. 2009
Or. †Eugaleaspidiformes Liu 1980
+
G. †Anjiaspis Gai and Zhu 2005
+
†Anjiaspis ericius Shan et al. 2022
†Anjiaspis reticularis Gai and Zhu 2005
Fm. †Eugaleaspididae Liu 1980
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G. †Dunyu Zhu et al. 2012
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†Dunyu longiforus Zhu et al. 2012
†Dunyu tianlu Li et al. 2024
†Dunyu xiushanensis Zhu et al. 2012
+
Invalid names: Eugaleaspis xiushanenis Liu 1983 [replaced]
G. †Nochelaspis Zhu 1992
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G. †Pterogonaspis Zhu 1992
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G. †Tridensaspis Liu 1986
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G. †Yunnanogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980
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†Yunnanogaleaspis major Pan and Wang 1980
G. †Meishanaspis Wang 1991
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†Meishanaspis lehmani Wang 1991
G. †Shuyu Gai et al. 2011
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†Shuyu zhejiangensis Gai et al. 2011
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Invalid names: Sinogaleaspis zhejiangensis Pan 1986 [replaced]
Fm. †Shuyuidae Shan 2020
+
G. †Jiangxialepis Liu et al. 2021
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†Jiangxialepis jiujiangensis Shan et al. 2023
†Jiangxialepis retrospina Liu et al. 2021
†Jiangxialepis rongi Liu et al. 2023
G. †Qingshuiaspis Shan et al. 2022
+
†Qingshuiaspis junqingi Shan et al. 2022
G. †Rumporostralis Shan et al. 2020
+
†Rumporostralis shipanensis Shan et al. 2020
†Rumporostralis xikengensis Shan et al. 2020
G. †Sinogaleaspis Pan and Wang 1980
+
†Sinogaleaspis shankouensis Pan and Wang 1980
†Sinogaleaspis xikengensis Pan and Wang 1980
Fm. †Tridensaspidae Liu 1986
+
G. †Falxcornus Meng and Gai 2022
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†Falxcornus liui Meng and Gai 2022
Fm. †Tujiaaspidae Chen et al. 2024
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G. †Miaojiaaspis Chen et al. 2024
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†Miaojiaaspis dichotomus Chen et al. 2024
G. †Tujiaaspis Gai et al. 2022
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†Tujiaaspis vividus Gai et al. 2022
G. †Xitunaspis Sun et al. 2022
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†Xitunaspis magnus Sun et al. 2022
Fm. †Yongdongaspididae Chen et al. 2022
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G. †Yongdongaspis Chen et al. 2022
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†Yongdongaspis littoralis Chen et al. 2022
Fm. †Hanyangaspidae Pan and Liu 1975
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G. †Hanyangaspis Pan and Liu 1975
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†Hanyangaspis chaohuensis Wang et al. 1980
†Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis Pan and Liu 1975
G. †Hongshanaspis Liu et al. 2021
+
†Hongshanaspis inexpectatus Liu et al. 2021
G. †Kalpinolepis Wang et al. 1996
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†Kalpinolepis tarimensis Wang et al. 1996
G. †Konoceraspis Pan 1992
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G. †Nanjiangaspis Wang et al. 2002
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†Nanjiangaspis kalpinensis Wang et al. 2002
G. †Hyperaspis Pan 1992
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†Hyperaspis acclivis Pan 1992
G. †Microphymaspis Wang et al. 2002
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†Microphymaspis pani Wang et al. 2002
Superor. †Polybranchiaspidida Zhu and Gai 2007
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Fm. †Geraspididae Pan and Chen 1993
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G. †Geraspis Pan and Chen 1993
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†Geraspis rara Pan and Chen 1993
G. †Kwangnanaspis Cao 1979
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Or. †Huananaspiformes Janvier 1975
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Fm. †Gantarostrataspidae Wang and Wang 1992
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G. †Gantarostrataspis Wang and Wang 1992
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†Gantarostrataspis gengi Wang and Wang 1992
G. †Qushiaspis Jiang et al. 2021
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†Qushiaspis elaia Jiang et al. 2021
G. †Rhegmaspis Gai et al. 2015
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†Rhegmaspis xiphoidea Gai et al. 2015
G. †Wumengshanaspis Wang and Lan 1984
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†Wumengshanaspis cuntianensis Wang and Lan 1984
Fm. †Huananaspidae Liu 1973
+
G. †Asiaspis Pan 1975
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†Asiaspis expansa Pan 1975
†Asiaspis liangi Zhang et al. 2023
G. †Huananaspis Liu 1975
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†Huananaspis cupido Zhang et al. 2023
Subfm. †Macrothyraspinae Pan 1992
+
G. †Lungmenshanaspis P’an and Wang 1978
G. †Macrothyraspis Pan 1992
G. †Qingmenaspis Pan and Wang 1981
G. †Sinoszechuanaspis Pan and Wang 1975
G. †Nanpanaspis Liu 1965
+
G. †Stephaspis Gai and Zhu 2007
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†Stephaspis dipteriga Gai and Zhu 2007
Fm. †Sanchaspididae Pan and Wang 1981
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G. †Antiquisagittaspis Liu 1985
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G. †Sanchaspis Pan and Wang 1981
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†Sanchaspis magalarostrata Pan and Wang 1981
Fm. †Sanqiaspidae Liu 1975
+
G. †Sanqiaspis Liu 1975
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†Sanqiaspis rostrata Liu 1975
†Sanqiaspis sichuanensis P’an and Wang 1978
†Sanqiaspis vietnamensis Janvier et al. 2009
Or. †Polybranchiaspidiformes Liu 1965
+
Fm. †Duyunolepididae Pan and Wang 1978
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G. †Duyunolepis Pan and Wang 1982
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†Duyunolepis paoyangensis Pan and Wang 1982
G. †Foxaspis Gai et al. 2023
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†Foxaspis novemura Gai et al. 2023
G. †Lopadaspis Wang et al. 2001
+
†Lopadaspis pinglensis Wang et al. 2001
G. †Neoduyunaspis Pan and Wang 1978
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†Neoduyunaspis minuta Pan and Wang 1978
G. †Paraduyunaspis Pan and Wang 1978
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†Paraduyunaspis hezhangensis Pan and Wang 1978
Fm. †Gumuaspidae Gai et al. 2018
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G. †Gumuaspis Wang and Wang 1992
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†Gumuaspis rostrata Wang and Wang 1992
G. †Nanningaspis Gai et al. 2018
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†Nanningaspis zengi Gai et al. 2018
G. †Platylomaspis Gai et al. 2018
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†Platylomaspis serratus Gai et al. 2018
G. †Pseudolaxaspis Gai et al. 2018
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Fm. †Pentathyraspididae Pan 1992
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G. †Microhoplonaspis Pan 1992
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G. †Pentathyraspis Pan 1992
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Fm. †Polybranchiaspididae Liu 1965
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G. †Altigibbaspis Yu-Hai et al. 2018
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†Altigibbaspis huiqingae Yu-Hai et al. 2018
G. †Bannhuanaspis Janvier et al. 1993
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†Bannhuanaspis vukhuci Janvier et al. 1993
G. †Clororbis Pan and Ji 1993
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†Clororbis appronomedianus Pan and Ji 1993
G. †Cyclodiscaspis Liu 1975
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G. †Damaspis Wang and Wang 1982
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†Damaspis qujingensis Shan et al. 2024
†Damaspis vartus Wang and Wang 1982
G. †Diandongaspis Liu 1975
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G. †Dongfangaspis Liu 1975
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†Dongfangaspis major Liu 1975
†Dongfangaspis qujingensis Pan and Wang 1981
G. †Laxaspis Liu 1975
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†Laxaspis yulongssus Liu 1975
G. †Siyingia Wang and Wang 1982
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†Siyingia altuspinosa Wang and Wang 1982
Fm. †Zhaotongaspididae Wang and Zhu 1994
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G. †Wenshanaspis Zhao et al. 2002
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†Wenshanaspis zhichangensis Zhao et al. 2002
G. †Zhaotongaspis Wang and Zhu 1994
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†Zhaotongaspis janvieri Wang and Zhu 1994
G. †Pseudoduyunaspis Wang et al. 1996
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†Pseudoduyunaspis bachuensis Wang et al. 1996
Fm. †Xiushuiaspidae Pan and Wang 1983
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G. †Changxingaspis Wang 1991
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†Changxingaspis gui Wang 1991
†Changxingaspis nianzhongi Li et al. 2024
G. †Xiushuiaspis Pan and Wang 1983
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†Xiushuiaspis ganbeiensis Pan and Wang 1983
†Xiushuiaspis jiangxiensis Pan and Wang 1983
G. †Xiyuichthys Shan et al. 2023
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†Xiyuichthys lixiensis Shan et al. 2023
†Xiyuichthys zhangi Shan et al. 2023
+
Invalid names: Xiyuaspis zhangi Liu et al. 2019 [replaced]
Invalid names: Xiyuaspis Liu et al. 2019 [replaced]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobilep
Created: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:11:50
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Carroll 1988, Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Telychian to the top of the Eifelian or 438.60000 to 387.95000 Ma

Collections (53 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Llandovery443.1 - 432.9China Changxingaspis nianzhongi, Xiyuichthys zhangi (239268) Jiangxialepis rongi (238414)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Wuhan) Hongshanaspis inexpectatus (239385)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Hunan) Dayongaspis colubra (236489) Konoceraspis grandoculus, Dayongaspis hunanensis (182545)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Hubei) Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis (182528 182537) Jiangxialepis retrospina (225099)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Jiangxi ) Dayongaspidae indet., Gumuaspidae indet., Qingshuiaspis junqingi, Anjiaspis ericius, Jiangxialepis jiujiangensis, Xiyuichthys lixiensis (232461)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Anhui) Hanyangaspis chaohuensis (182530)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China (Xinjiang) Hanyangaspis sp., Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis, Nanjiangaspis kalpinensis, Kalpinolepis tarimensis, Platycaraspis tianshanensis, Microphymaspis pani, Platylomaspis serratus, Nanjiangaspis zhangi (182524) Hanyangaspis sp., Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis, Pseudoduyunaspis bachuensis (182523)
Telychian438.6 - 432.9China Deanaspis longpingi (239585) Miaojiaaspis dichotomus, Tujiaaspis vividus, Yongdongaspis littoralis (236761) Tujiaaspis vividus (239056)
Telychian - Sheinwoodian438.6 - 430.6China (Xinjiang) Hanyangaspis sp., Hanyangaspis guodingshanensis, Pseudoduyunaspis bachuensis (182525)
Sheinwoodian432.9 - 430.6China (Anhui) Geraspis rara (182531)
Sheinwoodian432.9 - 430.6China (Jiangxi) Rumporostralis shipanensis (238862) Xiushuiaspis jiangxiensis, Xiushuiaspis ganbeiensis, Sinogaleaspis shankouensis, Rumporostralis xikengensis (182539)
Sheinwoodian432.9 - 430.6China (Zhejiang) Xiushuiaspis sp., Sinogaleaspis zhejiangensis, Changxingaspis gui, Meishanaspis lehmani (182535)
Wenlock432.9 - 426.7China (Anji County) Anjiaspis reticularis (237790)
Homerian430.6 - 426.7China (Hunan) Eugaleaspis sp. (182542)
Homerian430.6 - 426.7China (Chongqing) Dunyu xiushanensis (182547)
Ludlow426.7 - 422.7China (Yunnan) Dunyu longiforus (27771) Polybranchiaspis sp. (27912)
Ludfordian425.0 - 422.7China Dunyu tianlu (239381)
Pridoli422.7 - 419.62China (Shaanxi) Hanyangaspis sp. (182527)
Pridoli422.7 - 419.62China (Junnan) Galeaspida indet. (182559)
Early/Lower Lochkovian419.62 - 416.8China (Yunnan) Falxcornus liui (238268)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02China (Guangxi) Antiquisagittaspis cornuta, Asiaspis expansa (4005)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02China (Yunnan) Dongfangaspis yunnanensis, Dongfangaspis paradoxus, Polybranchiaspis yulongssus, Yunnanogaleaspis major, Polybranchiaspis liaojiaoshanensis, Polybranchiaspis minor, Polybranchiaspis zhanyiensis, Laxaspis qujingensis, Dongfangaspis qujingensis, Damaspis vartus, Diandongaspis xishancunensis, Laxaspis rostrata, Pentathyraspis pelta, Microhoplonaspis microthyris, Stephaspis dipteriga, Nochelaspis maeandrine (173380) Eugaleaspis changi, Eugaleaspis lianhuashanensis, Polybranchiaspis liaojiaoshanensis, Siyingia altuspinosa, Laxaspis qujingensis, Laxaspis yulongssus, Cyclodiscaspis ctenus, Nanpanaspis microculus, Hyperaspis acclivis, Pseudolaxaspis rostrata, Diplohollcaspis daleensis, Xitunaspis magnus (162781) Eugaleaspis changi, Nanpanaspis microculus, Pseudolaxaspis rostrata, Altigibbaspis huiqingae, Nochelaspis maeandrine (237781) Nochelaspis maeandrine (238656)
Lochkovian419.62 - 413.02China Kwangnanaspis subtriangularis (238425)
Lochkovian - Pragian419.62 - 410.62Vietnam (Bac Kan) Bannhuanaspis vukhuci (238033)
Early/Lower Devonian419.62 - 393.47China (Guangxi) Nanningaspis zengi, Huananaspis cupido, Asiaspis liangi (223840)
Late/Upper Lochkovian414.6 - 413.02Vietnam Laxaspis yulongssus (239311) Polybranchiaspis sp., Sanqiaspis vietnamensis (238525)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62China (Yunnan) Wenshanaspis zhichangensis, Macrothyraspis longilanceus, Huananaspis wudinensis (238393) Zhaotongaspis janvieri, Lungmenshanaspis yunnanensis, Qingmenaspis microculus, Sanqiaspis zhaotongensis, Rhegmaspis xiphoidea (196858)
Pragian413.02 - 410.62China Dongfangaspis major, Sinoszechuanaspis yanmenpaensis, Lungmenshanaspis kiangyouensis, Sanqiaspis rostrata, Sanqiaspis zhaotongensis, Sanqiaspis sichuanensis (238089) Eugaleaspis sp., Gantarostrataspis sp., Pterogonaspis yuhaii, Sanchaspis magalarostrata (238849) Foxaspis novemura (238271) Qushiaspis elaia (238852)
Pragian - Middle Devonian413.02 - 382.31China (Yunnan) Gumuaspis rostrata, Gantarostrataspis gengi (10895)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5China (Guangxi) Tridensaspis magnoculus (239043)
Early/Lower Emsian410.62 - 399.5China Duyunolepis paoyangensis (238123)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47China (Yunnan) Eugaleaspis xujiachongensis, Gantarostrataspis geni (10941)
Emsian410.62 - 393.47China Lopadaspis pinglensis (238076) Macrothyraspis longicornis (238502) Wumengshanaspis cuntianensis (239067)
Eifelian393.47 - 387.95China Dongfangaspis sp. (238390)